• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.495-502
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• 2004

Intimin, the product of eae gene in EHEC O157:H7, is required for intimate adherence. In this study, the C-terminaI region(281 amino acids) of the EHEC OI57:H7 intimin were expressed as a protein fusion with (His)$_6$ which was used to raise antiserum in rabbits. The antiserum reacted in western blot with a 94kDa outer membrane protein of EHEC O157:H7. It was observed that the antibody titers both in egg yolk and serum appeared in 2${\sim}$4 weeks after immunization with fusion protein. At the time of 8 weeks, the titre of egg yolk was found to be higher than that of sera. According to the results of neutralization test, chicken egg-yolk antibody(lgY) against the recombinant intimin strongly reacted to EHEC O157:H7. We conclude that a truncated recombinant intimin could be used as an immunogen to elicit antibody(lgY) against O157:H7.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1980

This experiment has been made to evaluate the distribution of OEP-HA titer, protease-HA titer and elastase-HA titer of antibody which are the common antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the serum of healthy mother-newborn infant-pairs, term pregnancy women and under 7 month old infants. By analysing the normal limt of these antibodies, it is expected that the result can be clinically applicable to the diagnosis, management and prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, which shows rapid increase nowadays, 1. The Anti OEP-HA titer showed under 1:8, a very low titer, in 73% of cord sera group, but over 1:32 in 68% of mother sera group. 2. In healthy mother-newborn infant-pairs group, the anti OEP-HA titer of mothers showed 1:56, 48, much higher than that of newborn infant, 1:16.42. from which it can be concluded that their titer has no relation between the two. 3. The anti OEP-HA titers of healthy mother and term pregnancy women showed 1:56.5 and 1:53, 4, respectively, which are very similar to each ether, but in infant group, the titer showed 1:33, 51 higher than that of cord sera, 1:16.42 4. The anti protease-HA titer showed under 1:8 in 64-77.5% of total cases, which is lower than that of anti OEP-HA titer. 5. The anti elastase-HA titer showed under 1:8 in 93.75% of cord sera group and in 70.27-76.37% of infant, term perenancy women and mother group, but in infant group, the anti elastase-HA titer showed 1:16.56 higher than that of cord sera group 1:8.5.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1980

The effects of intravenous administration of of C. parvum on immune cells in mice were investigated. Significant delayed type hypersensitivity parvum was given intravenously before antigen sensitization. The depressed effect of C. parvum was completely abolished by treatment of cyclophosphamide. However, delayed type hypersensitivity was not depressed when C. parvum given after antigen. This depression is considered to be attributable to the generation of suppressor cells which were either suppressor T cell or C. parvum activated macrophage, because C. parvum inhibited the proliferation of S. typhimurium in vivo and also induced splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, known as manifestation of macrophage activation. Serum antibody titers were not significantly affected by C. parvum regardless of time of C. parvum administration.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 1972

A strain of Brucella showing the characteristics of Br. suis was isolated from a 55 day-old aborated fetus of a German Shepherd and the cause of the abortion was considered due to brucellosis. A considerable number of dog sera collected at the slaughter house in Taegu city showed antibody titers of 1:80 or more to Br. suis, and serum from the aborted dog 1:320 to Br. suis in titer.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Coccidiosis control programs such as vaccines or in-feed anticoccidials are commonly practiced in the poultry industry to improve growth performance and health of commercial broiler chickens. In this study, we assessed the effects of various coccidiosis control programs (e.g., in ovo vaccination, synthetic chemicals, and antibiotic ionophores) on immune status of broiler chickens vaccinated against infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus (ND) and raised on an Eimeria-contaminated used litter. In general, the levels of ${\alpha}$-1-acid glycoprotein, an acute phase protein, were altered by the treatments when measured at 34 days of age. Splenocyte subpopulations and serum antibody titers against ND were altered by various coccidiosis control programs. In-ovo-vaccinated chickens exhibited highest mitogenic response when their spleen cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) at 7 days of age. It is clear from this study that the type of coccidiosis control program influenced various aspects of innate and adaptive immune parameters of broiler chickens. Further studies will be necessary to delineate the underlying relationship between the type of coccidiosis control program and host immune system and to understand the role of other external environmental factors such as gut microbiota on host-pathogen interaction in various disease control programs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2003

In this study, antibacterial activity on the chicken feed supplemented with different concentrations of oriental herbal medicine feed additives (OHMFA) extract was tested for some organisms and their preventive effects on the colonization of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in broiler chickens were examined. The growth of Bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited on the feed of 0.25% OHMFA and Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were inhibited on the feed containing 2.0% level. The broiler chickens fed a forage additived 1.0% level of OHMFA after inoculation of a $10^7CFU/ml$ of SE were increased in weight than the chicken fed forage without OHMFA. The incidence of SE in liver, spleen and cecum of the chickens fed forage with OHMFA was decreased on the 7th days of postinfection and SE was not isolated from the organs of the chickens after the 14th days of postinfection. Serum antibody titers of the chickens were lowered than the control group.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.281-284
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• 1998

Humoral immune response of young chicks to Brucella abortus strain 1119-3 inoculation was monitored to verify the degree of immunosuppression caused by infection with Cryptosporidium baileyi. Young chicks (2-day-old) were orally inoculated each with $2{\times}10^6$ oocysts of C. baileyi, and then injected intramuscularly with 0.3 $m\ell$ B. abortus strain 1119-3 containing $1{\times}10^9$ living organisms on day 14 postinoculation (PI). Serum samples were tested by plate agglutination test on day 17 PI onwards at an interval of 3-6 days over a period of 36 days. Infected chicks with the coccidium showed significantly lower antibody titers than those of uninfected controls (P<0.05). These findings document that C. baileyi infection in early life stage may predispose chicks easily to other potential poultry diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the modified live vaccines against canine Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) in puppies by nasal administration. A total of 24 puppies were classified as 3 groups consisting of 8, and each one was divided into two subgroups; vaccinated (n=4) and unvaccinated (n=4). Group I, group II and group III were challenged with Bb, CPIV, and Bb+CPIV, respectively. In group I vaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb 2 weeks after vaccination and unvaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb alone. The same methods of the above were applied for group II and group III. We carried out several studies including serum tests, isolation, and histopathological examination. The vaccinated puppies showed higher antibody titers than unvaccinated puppies and the titer sustained during the experimental period. In the isolation test, recovery period was shorter in the vaccinated subgroup than in the other. In clinical signs, the unvaccinated puppies showed the typical signs of tracheobronchitis (coughing, nasal and occular discharge), but another subgroup showed delayed incidence and mild clinical signs. The typical gross lesions and histopathological findings were observed in the unvaccinated puppies. In immunohistochemical findings, the vaccinated puppies showed little intensive in reaction for CPIV antigen than the other. It could be concluded that intranasal vaccination of modified live Bb and CPIV vaccine to puppies is effective to prevent canine infectious tracheobronchitis.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1978

Modulating effects of Candida albicans on the immune responses of mice immunized with sheep red blood cells(SRBC) were assessed both by footpad tests for anaphylactic, Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity rections against homologous and heterologous antigenic challenges and by serum antibody titrations for hemagglutinin and hemolysin against SRBC. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the mice simultaneously immunzed with C. albicans and SRBC, anaphylactic type and Arthus type footpad reactions to C. albicans challenge were enhanced, and extents of the enhancements were proportional to the concentration of SRBC administered for immunization, reaching peak in mice immunized with 0.2ml($10^8$) of 5% SRBC suspension. Although a little enhancement of delayed type hypersensitivity to C. albicans was observed in those mice, there was no significant difference between the mice groups immunized either with SRBC alone or SRBC and C. albicans simultaneously. 2. Simultaneous immunization of mice with C. albicans and SRBC resulted in the suppression of both anaphylactic type and Arthus type footpad reactions to SRBC, and the extent of such suppressions was inversly proportional to the numbers of C. albicans administered for immunization. Delayed type reaction of the mice to SRBC varied little in regards to the different numbers of C. albicans injected. 3. Hemagglutinin titers differed little between the mice groups immunized with SRBC alone or with SRBC and C. albicans simultaneously. Hewever, hemolysin titers were lower in the mice immunized simultaneously with SRBC and C. albicans. 4. In the peripheral blood of mice immunized simultaneously with SRBC and C. albicnas. there observed increases in the percents of monocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and decrease in the numbers of lymphocytes and pyroninophilic lymphocytes. These results indicated that C. albicans is an immunosuppressant of the mice to SRBC when both anteigns were administered simultaneously for immunization, and that SRBC acted as an enhancer of anaphylactic type and Arthus type reaction of mice to C. albicans when administered simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 1971

The purpose of present study was to investigate the possibility to immunize guineapigs and swine against Metastrongylus apri infection by the administration of irradiated infective larvae. Four main experiments were undertaken. Firstly, three groups of infective larvae irradiated at $3{\times}10^4r$, $4{\times}10^4r$, and $5{\times}10^4r$ respectively were inoculated to guineapigs and their immunogenic effects were examined from the clinical, anatomical, and serological viewpoints to decide the optimal dose of X-ray for the atenuation of them. Secondly, the migratory behavior of the larvae irradiated at the optimal dose was compared with that of normal infective larvae. Thirdly, pigs were inoculated with each 5,000 infective larvae irradiated at the optimal dose and the clinical, anatomical and serological responses of them before and after challenge were examined. Fourthly, the heated extract of adult M. apri which had been used as an antigen in the serological examinations was analyzed and compared with that of adult Ascaris suis and of adult Trichuris suis by immunoelectrophoretic method. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1) The optimal dose of X-ray for the atenuation of the infective larvae which can minimize the pathogenecity but keep the antigenecity of the infective larvae was $5{\times}10^4r$. 2) Guineapigs could become completely resistant to subsequent challenge infection by the administration of 1,000 infective larvae irradiated at $5{\times}10^4r$, without showing any symptom of disease before and after the challenge. 3) There were some indication that guineapigs could acquire complete immunity after they overcome the infection with normal infective larvae. 4) It was shown that, in guineapigs, the $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated larvae can migrate to the large intestine and mesenteric lymph node within a day, where they stay for as long as 16 days to stimulate the host's immunity. 5) It also was shown that, in guineapigs, the normal infective larvae challenged to resistant guineapigs can migrate to the large intestine and mesenteric lymph node, where they are affected by the immune mechanism of host within 10 days without further migration. 6) Pigs could become partially resistant to subsequant challenge by the administration of 5,000 infective larve irradiated at $5{\times}10^4r$; no clinical symptom occurred after the administration, but milder symptoms of parasitic bronchitis were observable after the challenge infection and fewer number of worms were detected from the lungs at autopsy compared with severe symptoms and much number of worms in control pigs. 7) It was shown that, in pigs, a few of the $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated larvae can migrate to the lungs, where they stay for as long as 104 days in stunted and sterile states; their body-lengths were short and their uteri developted no eggs. 8) There was evidence that the male larvae were more susceptible to X-ray than the female larvae. 9) Antibodies relating to the administration with $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated or normal larvae were detected from the sera of both guineapigs and pigs by means of indirect haemagglutination and agar diffusion precipitin tests. Relatively higher antibody titers were recorded by the former test, but precipitin bands were demonstrable only when the positive sera were concentrated in one tenth of original volume in the later one. 10) The antibody titers of pig sera began to rose on 14 days, kept their peak during the period from 14 th day to 21st day, and fell to a low level on 28 days after the administration of $5{\times}10^4r$ or normal infective larvae. 11) A slight increase in gamma globublin of the pig sera occurred following the administration. The gamma globulin level showed a tendency to fluctuate in acordance with the antibody level. 12) A marked eosionophilia occurred in pigs on 7 or 14 days following the administration. The eosinophil count showed the same tendency to fluctuate as the gamma globulin did. 13) It was shown that the serum antibodies detected by the heated extract of adult Metastrongylus apri react crossly with the heated extract of adult Ascaris suis but not with that of adult Trichuris suis in indirect haemagglutination and agar diffusion preciption reactions. 14) The heated extract of adult Metastrongylus apri could he divided into 9 antigenic components by immunoelectrophoresis, one (arc 4) of which was shown to be common to both extracts of adult Ascaris suis and adult Trichuris suis, and the other one (arc 9) to only the extract of adult Ascaris suis.