• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.791-798
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective activity of flavonol glycosides rich fraction (F-2), prepared from 70% alcohol extract of the aerial parts of V calcarata Desf., was evaluated in a rat model with a liver injury induced by daily oral administration of $CCl_4$ (100 mg/kg, b.w) for four weeks. Treatment of the animals with F-2 using a dose of (25 mg/kg, b.w) during the induction of hepatic damage by $CCl_4$ significantly reduced the indices of liver injuries. The hepatoprotective effects of F-2 significantly reduced the elevated levels of the following serum enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. In addition, it normalized liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and creatinine concentration. Chromatographic purification of F-2 resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides that rarely occur in the plant kingdom, identified as quercetin-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (5) and kaempferol-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (4) in addition to the three known compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnosyl- (${\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-D-glucoside [rutin, 3], quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [isoquercitrin, 2] and kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [astragalin, 1]. These compounds were identified based on interpretation of their physical, chemical, and spectral data. Moreover, the spectrophotometric estimation of the flavonoids content revealed that the aerial parts of the plant contain an appreciable amount of flavonoids (0.89%) calculated as rutin. The data obtained from this study revealed that the flavonol glycosides of F-2 protect the rat liver from hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ through inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by $CCl_4$ reactive free radicals.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-43
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• 1977

This experiment was undertaken in order to localize the labeled dbcAMP (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) in oocytes whose development has been suppressed by cold dbcAMP for 6 or 19 hours in vitro. Mouse oocytes were obtained from the ovaries of 3-4 week old A strain female mice, by puncturing the Graafian follicles in the modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate salt solution under the dissecting microscope. Those oocytes which have intact germinal vesicle were cultured in the basic culture medium supplemented with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cultivation of the oocytes was carried out in a microtube developed by Cho (1974). The cultures were then incubated in a humidified 5% $CO_2$ incubator maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 or 19 hours (Donahue, 1968). DbcAMP was added to culture medium for a final concentration of 100ug/ml, and $^3H-dbc$ AMP (specific activity 13 Ci/mM) for a final concentration of $40{\mu}Ci/ml$ was also added to the medium. For electron microscopic autoradiography, those oocytes recovered from the culture were washed with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and immediately prefixed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde overnight and postfixed for 2 hours at $4 ^{\circ}C$ in 1% osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer with pH 7.4 (Palade, 1952). After fixation, the materials were dehydrated in graded alcohol series and embedded in Epon 812 mixture based on the standard procedures (Luft, 1961). The thin sections $600-700{\AA}$ thick were mounted on the grids of 200 meshes. The grids containing sections were coated with a nuclear emulsion Kodak NTB-3 and stored in a cold dark box (at $4^{\circ}C$) for 3 weeks. After exposure, the samples were developed with Kodak D-19 and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Routine observation was made with Hitachi HU-11E electron microsocope. The results of the observation were as followings: 1. It was found that the labeled dbcAMP penetrated the egg plasma membrane and dispersed at random in the cytoplasm. 2. It was also observed that most of the labeled dbcAMP was attached to microfibrillar lattices portion of the oocyte cytoplasm. There fore, it is presumed that the receptor of the dbcAMP is localized in the microfibrillar lattices of the oocyte. 3. It also seems that some other cell organells such as mitochondria, Golgi complex, cortical granules are not directly related to the action of the dbcAMP. 4. The labeled dbcAMP was neither observed in the membrane nor in the nucleus. Therefore, it seems that there is no relationship between the concentration of dbcAMP and the nuclear membranous permeability. 5. There was no difference in number of dbcAMP particles when oocytes were cultured for 6 hours and 19 hours. 6. However, it was observed that, in same of the oocytes suppressed in germinal vesicle by dbcAMP for 19 hours, cell organells were moved and concentrated to a small portion of the cytoplasm, and that the morphology of the organells greatly changed to an abnormal. form. Therefore, it is supposed that those oocytes were in the process of degeneration. From the above results, it is expected that dbcAMP penetrated the egg membrane and was bound to the receptor which seems to be located in the microfibrillar lattiees portion, and that this dbcAMP-receptor complex inhibited some enzyme system of the oocytes which are essential for the germinal vesicle breakdown.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.1099-1106
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• 2011

본 연구는 다량으로 폐기되는 오이를 이용하기 위하여 개발한 오이 발효원액을 주원료로 제조한 숙취해소 음료의 간보호 효능을 검증하기 위하여 만성적으로 에탄올을 섭취시킨 흰쥐에서 에탄올 대사, 항산화 방어계, 간독성 관련지표 및 지질함량 변화를 살펴보았다. 실험동물은 4주령의 수컷 SD계 흰쥐 24마리를 1주간 고형식이로 적응시킨 후 난괴법에 의하여 에탄올대조군(Control) 및 에탄올 섭취 흰쥐에게 헛개열매 추출물을 주원료로 하여 개발한 숙취해소 물질인 SKM 급여군(SKM) 또는 SKM을 함유한 오이 발효음료 급여군(CF+SKM)으로 나누었다. SKM과 CF+SKM은 사람의 하루 섭취량을 기준으로 체중 kg당 7 mL씩 매일 일정시각에 경구투여 하였다. SKM과 CF+SKM은 체중과 식이섭취에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, CF+SKM군의 신장무게가 대조군보다 낮았다. 혈장 중 에탄올 함량은 대조군에 비하여 CF+SKM군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮았으며, SKM군은 낮은 경향을 보였다. 혈장 중의 아세트알데히드 함량은 대조군에 비하여 SKM과 CF+SKM군 모두 각각 40.6%와 48.4% 유의적인(p<0.05) 개선 효과를 보였다. 간조직 중의 ADH 활성은 실험군간 유의적인 변화가 없었으나 CYP2E1 활성은 SKM과 CF+SKM 모두 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 (p<0.05) 낮았다. 간조직의 CYP2E1 활성은 혈장 중의 아세트알데히드 함량과 양의 상관관계(r=0.566, p<0.01)였다. 간조직의 ALDH 활성은 SKM과 CF+SKM 모두 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높았으며 혈장의 아세트알데히드 농도와 유의적 음의 상관관계(r=-0.564, p<0.01)를 보였다. SKM군과 CF+SKM군의 간조직내 SOD와 CAT 활성과 GSH 함량이 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다. 반면, SKM과 CF+SKM은 간조직 중의 지질과산화물 생성을 대조군에 비하여 각각 유의적으로 낮추었다. SKM과 CF+SKM 급여 시 에탄올대조군에 비하여 각각 AST 활성은 29%와 44% 낮았으며, ALT 활성은 42%와 34% 낮았다. 혈장의 총 콜레스테롤과 간조직의 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조군에 비하여 SKM과 CF+SKM군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮았으며 특히, CF+SKM의 간조직내 중성지질 함량은 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮았다. SKM군과 CF+SKM군의 간조직 중 지방축적이 대조군에 비하여 감소되었다. 이와 같이 SKM과 CF+SKM은 간조직의 CYP2E1 활성을 억제하고 ALDH 활성과 항산화 방어계를 향상시킴으로써 에탄올로 인한 간독성을 보호할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.