• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2012

Purpose: To test the apical leakage prevention performance of three different materials through protein leakage procedures using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Bradford protein reagent. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 human single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups, and conventional root canal filling was done. The root was cut 3 mm from the apex, and a cavity was formed. Proroot MTA (MTA), Fuji II LC (GI), Fuji II LC with XP bond (GIA), and Caviton (CA) were used as experimental materials to fill the cavity in a retrograde filling manner. The extent of BSA leakage was then measured with a ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer 24, 48, and 72 hours after filling. Result: After 24 hours, among the 15 teeth of each group, 2 in MTA, 4 in GI, 3 in GIA, and 7 in CA showed leakage. After 48 hours, 3 in MTA, 5 in GI, 5 in GIA, and 10 in CA had leakage and discoloration. After 72 hours, among the 15 teeth of each group, 3 in MTA, 6 in GI, 5 in GIA, and 10 in CA showed leakage. The leakage in the CA group was greater than that in the MTA group at 48 and 72 hours based on Fisher's exact test (P=0.025), and the difference was statistically significant. Similarly, the leakage in the CA group was greater than that in the MTA group over time based on the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate (P=0.011), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Glass ionomer, glass ionomer after adhesive application, and MTA all showed leakage. Caviton showed greater leakage compared to MTA 48 and 72 hours after filling, and the difference was statistically significant; thus suggesting that Caviton is not appropriate as retrograde filling material considering its sealing ability.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.429-439
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• 2023

Background: The incidence and clinical importance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged. However, effective therapeutic strategies for NAFLD have yet to be found. Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) is a traditional herb in Eastern Asia with therapeutic effects in many chronic disorders. However, the precise effects of ginseng extract on NAFLD are currently unknown. In present study, the therapeutic effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) on the progression of NAFLD were explored. Methods: Twelve-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a chow or western diet supplemented with high sugar water solution with or without Rg3-RGE. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serum biochemistry, western blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR were used for in vivo experiment. Conditionally immortalized human glomerular endothelial cell (CiGEnC) and primary liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were used for in vitro experiments. Results: Eight weeks of Rg3-RGE treatment significantly attenuated the inflammatory lesions of NAFLD. Furthermore, Rg3-RGE inhibited the inflammatory infiltrate in liver parenchyma and the expression of adhesive molecules to LSECs. Moreover, the Rg3-RGE exhibited similar patterns on the in vitro assays. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that Rg3-RGE treatment ameliorates NAFLD progression by inhibiting chemotaxis activities in LSECs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2003

Streptococcus mutans is known to be a major causative organism of human dental caries. The development of a vaccine against dental caries involves identification of appropriate antigens of mutans streptococci against which protective immune responses can be mounted, and the selection of a method of immunization that will generate sustained levels of protective antibodies. Antigens receiving most attention include streptococcal surface proteins that are involved in attachment to tooth surfaces and glucosyltransferases (GTF) that synthesize adhesive glucans from sucrose. The induction of antibody responses to orally administered antigens is often difficult due to digestive destruction of antigens and immune tolerance. Here we report the induction of antibody responses to an anti-caries vaccine containing retinoic acid (RA). Subcutaneous immunization with formalin-fixed bacteria or GTF supplemented with RA induced higher serum IgM and IgA responses to GTF compaired to oral adminstration. Antisera induced by Ingbritt strain showed partial cross-reaction with LM-7 strain, but not with OMZ175. These results suggest that subcutaneous immunization with GTF combined with an immunomodulator, RA, may be applied to anti-caries vaccine.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 2006

Purpose: The biocompatibility and bio-adhesive property of a dental implant abutment are important for proper soft tissue healing and maintenance of osseointegration of implant. However, studies of soft tissue healing and mucosal attachment of various materials of implant abutment other than titanium are still needed. In this study, cell attachment, proliferation, cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblast for ceramic, gold alloy, Ni-Cr alloy and, commercially available pure titanium as a control were evaluated, using MTS and scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Specimen was designed to disc, 4mm diameter and 1mm thickness, made of ceramic, gold alloy, Ni-Cr alloy and commercially available pure titanium. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. Cells were inoculated in the multiwell plates placed the specimen disc. Cell Titer 96 AQucous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay were done after 1hour 3hours, 24hours, 3days, 5days of incubation. The discs were processed for scanning electron micrography to evaluate cell attachment and morphologic change. Results: The results were obtained as fellows. 1. The ceramic showed high cell attachment and proliferation and low cytotoxicity, which is as much bioadhesive and biocompatible as titanium. 2. The gold alloy represented limited proliferation of human gingival fibroblast and the highest cytotoxicity among tested materials (p<0.05). 3. The Ni-Cr alloy limited the proliferaion of the human gingival fibroblast compared to titanium(p<0.05) but cytotoxicity on the bottom of well was not so considerable, compared to titanium. 4. On the scanning electron micrographs , the ceramic showed good attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast, which was similar to titanium. But gold alloy and Ni-Cr alloy showed the shrinkage of gingival fibroblast both after 24 hours and 3 days. On 5th day, small amount of the human gingival fibroblast proliferation was observed on the Ni-Cr alloy, while the shrinkage of gingival fibroblast was still observed on the gold alloy. Conclusions: These results suggest that the ceramic abutment is as biocompatible as titanium to make proper mucosal seal. The gold alloy has a high cytotoxicity to limit proliferation of gingival fibroblast, which suggest limited use on the anterior tooth where soft tissue healing is recommeded.