• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.540-546
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutritional status of copper and zinc, serum leptin, and lipids of 99 middle school girls residing in kyunggi-do, Korea. Subjects were divided assigned to one of two groups such as normal (BMI<85 percentile, n=58) and obese (85$\leq$BMI, n=41) groups. Subjects were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood analysis. The mean age was 13.93 years. The mean weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher then those of normal group. The mean daily energy intake was 94.2% of RDA for Korean. The ratio of energy coming from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 63:24:13. The mean daily intakes of Cu and Zn were 1.4 mg and 7.4 mg (73.7% of RDA), and there were no significant difference between two groups. The mean serum levels of leptin (p<0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01), TPH (total cholesterol/HDL; p<0.001), LPH (LDL/HDL; p<0.001) and AI (atherogenic index; p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher than those of normal group. The mean serum Cu level of obese was significantly higher than normal group but, the mean serum Zn level of obese was significantly lower than normal group. Serum Cu showed a significantly positive correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001), serum leptin, and LPH. However, serum Zn showed a significantly negative correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), serum leptin (p<0.001), TPH (p<0.05), and AI (Atherogenic index; p<0.05). To summarize the results, the Zn intakes of middle school girls did not reach to RDA for Koreans. Also, increase of BMI may lead to decrease of serum zinc level and increase of serum copper level, and this change of serum zinc related to the change of serum leptin and serum lipids level in middle school girls during rapid growth.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-45
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• 1992

Many phychiatrists have reported that the change of serotonin concentration would cause mental disorder and affect the pathological conditions such as schizophrenia, depression and eating behabior. The end product of serotonin metabolism was excreted as 5-HIAA in urine. Serum lipids, according to the report, were concerned with obesity, said it was. This study aims to observe the changes of plasma serotonin, urinary 5-HIAA and serum lipids, making use of Fat Cell Mass rate of 27 normal persons and 42 psychosomatic patients. For this, I also observed the change of serotonin, 5-HIAA and lipids of the psychosomatic patients by the use of 3 kinds of herbs as treatment medication on the basis of physical symptoms and the results were obtained as follows; 1. Urinary 5-HIAA is correlated with the body water rate(r=0.381), while reversely correlated with the Fat Cell Mass rate(r=-0.330). 2. Compared the control group with the patients group for the serum lipids value, they showed the significant results ; $146.4{\pm}5.71$ mg/dl and $166.9{\pm}6.56$ mg/dl in the total cholestrol value over- weights, $471.2{\pm}42.99$ mg/dl in the total lipid value, and $158.1{\pm}6.50$ mg/dl and $181.1{\pm}6.30$ mg/dl in the phospholipid of the obesity, respectively. 3. With comparison of each group to other group to the others for Fat Cell Mass rate, the total cholesterol showed the significant differences when the Fat Cell Mass rate was 20% or more, HDL-cholesterol value when 30% or more, and triglyceride when 30% or more, respectively. 4. there was significant variations in the relations between Fat Cell Mass rate and body water, which body mass index was increased as the body water was decreased. 5. Fat Cell Mass rate was correlated with Cholesterol(r = 0.420), triglyceride (r = 0.443), and $\beta$-lipoprotein(r = 0.450) of serum lipids, while reversely correlated with HDL -Cholesterol(r = -0.354) and urinary 5- HIAA had the correlation coefficient of -0.330. 6. What related with body water rate urinary 5-HIAA (r = 0.381) and $\beta$-lipoprotein(r = -0.405). 7. there were significant changes in the total cholesterol value and HDL-Cholesterol Value of serum lipids after dose of Ondamtang, significant increase in the 5-HIAA value after dose of Samulansintang, and significant devrease in the Trigylceride value of serum lipids after dose of Shihosogansan. As a result, it was seen that there was direct correlations among the Fat Cell Mass, urinary 5-HIAA, and serum lipids and stress from the mental conditions was not correlated directly to Serotonin, 5-HIAA, and serum lipids. I would like to conclude, therefore, that the detailed study should be performed on the function of serotonin of hypothalamus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1226-1234
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• 1998

The aim of the study was to determine whether vitamin E supplementation in three experimental model rats with impaired glucse tolerance could change serum insulin concentration and lipid distribution. The three groups were adult(AS) and neonatal (NS) streptozotocin-induced groups, and a high sucrose diet(HS) group. Each group was divided into control and vitamin E supplementatino groups at the age of 9 weeks. The level of vitamin E supplementation was 5g/kg diet. Blood and organ samples were taken at 5 and 10 weeks and were examined for changes in the level of serum insulin, glucose, lipids, liver lipids, and oxidative status. Vitamin E supplementation significantly reduced serum insulin in the HS group and caused the significant beneficial changes in serum lipids and triglycerides in As grouop at 10 weeks . In all groups, serum vitamin E was increased and malondialdehyde(MDA) in serumand liver were decreased significantly by vitamin E supplementation. The results suggest that vitamin E supplementation improves lipid distribution in adult streptozotocin-induced rats and serum insulin concentration in high sucrose diet-induced rats. Vitamin E might prevent on reduce oxidative injury in all experimental model rats with impaired glucose tolerance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 1997

소아에서부터 청소년기까지 혈청 지질의 지속성(tracking)은 서구에서 행해진 연구들에 의해서 이미 잘 알려져 있으나 국내에서는 이에 관한 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 우리나라 청소년의 혈청 지질치의 변화를 조사하고 지속성이 있는지를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 경기도 강화군에서 진행하고 있는 강화 아동 혈압 코호트(719명)의 청소년들로 12세, 14세, 16세 세 번에 걸쳐서 공복 후 혈액검사(혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤을 포함)와 신체계측을 시행하였다. 이 중 3번의 혈액 검사에서 10시간 이상의 공복이 확인된 청소년 309명 (남자 162명, 여자 147명)을 최종 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구대상이 된 청소년들과 연구대상에서 제외한 청소년들의 12세때 초기 검사치들을 t 검정을 이용하여 서로 비교한 결과 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 연구방법은 우선 혈청 지질치의 변화양상을 보기 위하여 각 검사 년도간에 반복 측정된 분산분석을 시행하였다. 각 혈청지질의 지속성을 보기 위해서는 첫께, 초기값을 바탕으로 사분위 집단으로 나누어 각 사분위 집단의 혈청지질치가 매 검사 연도마다 어떻게 변하는 지를 그림으로 나타내었다. 둘째, 혈청지질치의 검사 시기사이의 스피어맨 상관계수를 구하였다. 그리고 마지막으로 각 검사 년도의 혈청지질치를 사분위 집단으로 구분하여 초기검사에서 가장 위험도가 큰 집단에 속한 사람들이 지속적으로 위험도가 큰 집단에 속하는 백분율을 계산하였다. 연구결과 남녀 모두 4년간 세 번의 검사에서 혈청 총 콜레스테롤은 남자가 초기검사에서 $160.7{\pm}25.3mg/dl$, 최종 추적검사에서 $150.0{\pm}27.8mg/dl$, 여자가 초기검사에서 $168.8{\pm}29.7mg/dl$, 최종 추적검사에서 $168.8{\pm}29.7mg/dl$, 중성지방은 남자가 $98.0{\pm}45.7mg/dl$에서, $114.1{\pm}67.9/mg/dl$로, 여자가 $109.9\geq37.1mg/dl$에서, $104.9{\pm}47.6mg/dl$로, LDL 콜레스테롤은 남자가 $93.6{\pm}21.2mg/dl$에서, $83.0{\pm}25.0mg/dl$로 여자가 $83.0{\pm}25.0mg/dl$에서, $94.7{\pm}24.4mg/dl$로, HDL 콜레스테롤은 남자가 $47.6{\pm}9.1mg/dl$에서, $44.2{\pm}9.4mg/dl$로, 여자가 $48.8{\pm}10.0mg/dl$에서, $47.8{\pm}11.3mg/dl$ 변화하였다. 반복 측정한 분산분석 결과 남녀 모두 4년 동안 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL콜레스테롤이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 특히 남자 LDL 콜레스테롤은 두 번의 추적검사에서 모두 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 중성지방은 남자에서는 지속적으로 증가하였고 여자에서는 변화가 없었다. 같은 연령에서 남녀간의 각 혈청지질치를 비교해보면 중성지방을 제외하고는 모두 여자가 남자보다 더 컸다. 혈청 지질의 초기 검사와 최종 검사간의 스피어맨 상관분석과 각 혈청 지질치의 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위집단에 잔류하는 백분율을 보면 지속성이 존재하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL 콜레스테롤에서 각 시기의 검사치들의 상관계수는 남자가 0.6 이상, 여자가 약 0.7 이상이었으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. 첫 번께 검사에서 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위 집단에 속한 사람 중 두 번째 검사에서도 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위 집단에 속한 백분율은 여자의 중성지방(42.9%)을 제외하고는 모두 50%이상이었다. 이들이 세 번째 검사에서도 같은 사분위 집단에 잔류한 백분율은 여자의 중성지방(25.7%)을 제외하고 모두 35%이상이었다. 결론적으로 청소년기의 혈청 지질치는 지속성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구는 4년 동안의 변화이고 성인까지의 변화를 보기 위해서는 좀 더 장기적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.461-467
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• 1992

Total parenteral nutrition(TPN)의 구성성분으로써 지방질 수액제의 사용은 점차 많아지고 있지만 사용량이나 사용대상에 대해서는 아직도 규명해야 할 것이 많다. 본 연구에서는 시판 지방질 수액제들을 사용했을 때 이들이 혈청 지질변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 비교검토하였다. 각각의 시판 지방질 수액제를 12명의 정상적인 사람에게 주사한 후 5분 간격으로 혈액을 채취하여 혈청내 각종 지질의 변화를 관찰하였다. 혈청내에서 지질이 감소되는 속도를 계산하기 위하여 혈청중 중성지방의 fractional removal rate(K)와 반감시간(t/2)를 intravenous fat tolerance test(IVFTT)를 사용하여 계산하였다. 측정한 각종 항목에서 두 시판 지방질 사이에 통계적 차이를 볼수 없었으며 어떤 부작용도 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 두 제품 모두 혈액중의 지질감소, 속도가 유사하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Internet education on plasma glucose and serum lipids in female type 2 diabetic patients. Method: Control and experimental groups were assessed by a pre-test and at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months. Fourteen patients were assigned randomly to an intervention group and 15 to a control group. Patients in the intervention group were requested to input their blood glucose levels everyday by cellular phone or wire Internet for 1 year. The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range (glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c<7%). An intervention was applied to the intervention group weekly for 1 year. Optimal recommendations were sent weekly by a short message service from a cellular phone and wire Internet. Results: Patients in the intervention group had a significant mean change in HbA1c, from 7.6% at pre-test to 6.9%, at 3 months and equalized at 6.7% at 12 months. There was no significant time and group differences observed in the serum lipids. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Internet education would improve and maintain the normal range of HbA1c in female type 2 diabetic patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.537-551
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• 1994

The dietry effects of marine n-3, plant n-3 and plant n-6 fatty acid on serum lipids levels, liver phospholipid fatty acid composition in rat were investigated. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 30 weeks old, were fed on one of 4 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. The diets were composed of 15% fat(w/w) of either concentrated EPA oil(20:5, n-3 : 65%), fish oil(20:5, n-3 : 19%, 22:6, n-3 : 18%), perilla oil(18:3, n-3 : 60%) or corn oil(18:2, n-6 : 49%). Blood was initially taken before experimental feeding and also taken after 2 weeks and 4 weeks feeding the diet respectively and then examined for the levels of serum lipids. Rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after the diet for the analysis of liver phospholipid fatty acid. EPA feeding remarkably decreased the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid than any other oil feeding. Fish oil feeding decreased serum HDL-cholesterol level comparable to the effect of EPA feeding and decreased total cholesterol and phospholipid less than but close to the effect of EPA feeding. Perilla oil feeding did not change serum levels of triglyceride and phospholipid, but it decreased serum total cholesterol a lot and HDL-cholesterol a little. Corn oil feeding did not affect triglyceride and total cholesterol while it increased serum level of HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was increased only in corn oil group. But contrary to the result of serum total phospholipid, liver phospholipid level found to be higher in fish oil and EPA groups than in perilla oil and corn groups. The fatty acid composition of liver phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) turned out to be affected by dietary fatty acid. 18:2 of liver PC was the lowest in FO group following CO group. The ratio of 20:4/18:2 was lower in PO group than in EPA group in consequence of higher 18:2 and lower 20:4 in PO group and vise versa in EPA group. In the liver PC and PE, similar trends in the ratios of n-6/n-3 and 20:4/18 were found showing higher ratios with CO and EPA group over FO and PO group. EPA group showed the lowest level of 20:5 and lower level of 20:6 than group. Fish oil was more efficient than EPA oil and PO in lowering the ratio of n-6/n-3 in consequence of the highest 22:6, and the lowest 18:2 in liver phospholipid. But PO lowers the ratio or 20:4/18 more than FO. In conclusion, EPA oil was more effective in lowering serum lipids than FO and PO. Reviewing the dietary effect of fatty acid on eicosanoids composition in rats, it is considered that more possibility was with FO than PO in the effectiveness of atherosclerosis prevention and more with PO than with EPA oil. It was also found that FO showed more effective than EPA oil for atherosclerosis prevention. It was hardly found that CO had any effect on lowering serum lipids and on eicosanoids composition in liver phospholipid for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.681-690
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nutrition counseling could lead to a beneficial outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD). Fifty CVD patients(23 men and 27 women) participated in a dietary counseling program which was based on serum lipid management. Various markers of disease risk including lifestyles, anthropometric indices, eating behaviors, serum lipids, antioxidants, lipid peroxides were measured before and after the program. The program lasted 3-11 months depending on individuals. Waist/hip ratio decreased after nutrition counseling only in women. Smoking and alcohol drinking status did not change significantly after counseling. Food habit score increased significantly in both men and women(p<0.05), and patients consumed mixed cereal rice, fruits, seaweeds, legumes more frequently and snacks less frequently after nutrition counseling (p<0.05). Although intakes of energy, carbohydrate and vitamin B1 were reduced significantly after nutrition counseling, nutrient densities of calcium and iron of diets have increased significantly after nutrition counseling, and those of other micronutrients were not different Serum total cholesterol decreased significantly in men and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly in women. In women lipid peroxide level decreased and $\alpha$-tocopherol level increased significantly, while there was no significantly change in men. We conclude that well-planned nutrition counseling would reduce risks of cardiovascular disease through improving dietary behavior, lipid profile and antioxidant status.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.439-449
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• 1996

성인 남성 근로자들에 있어서 비만지표의 변화와 혈청지질치 변화와의 관련성을 평가하기 위하여, 대구시에 소재한 1개 회사의 남성 근로자 208명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. 1995년 7월에 신장, 체중, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레를 재고 혈압을 측정하였으며, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤 등을 검사하고 LDL-콜레스테롤, 심근경색지수를 계산하였다. 이를 1991년도에 검사된 기초 자료들과 비교하였다. 1. 4년간 체중이 1.63kg, 허리둘레가 3.61cm, 엉덩이둘레가 4.23cm, BMI가 $0.52kg/m^2$, Katsura 지수는 0.02만큼 유의하게 증가했지만, 허리 엉덩이둘레비는 0.021만큼 유의한 감소가 있었다(p<0.01). 총 콜레스테롤은 15.09mg/이, 중성지방 20.43mg/dl, HDL-콜레스테롤 9.40mg/dl, 그리고 심근경색지수는 2.87mg/dl 만큼 유의하게 증가하였다. (p<0.01). LDL-콜레스테롤은 3.50mg/dl 만큼 증가하였으나 유의하지는 않았다. 2. BMI 변화 및 Katsura 지수의 변화와 총 콜레스테롤의 변화(r=0.174, p<0.05), BMI 변화와 중성지방의 변화(r=0.374, p<0.01), 그리고 체중의 변화와 심근경색지수의 변화(r=-0.173, p<0.05)가 상대적으로 강한 상관성을 보였다. 허리 엉덩이둘레비 변화는 총 콜레스테롤 변화량과 양의 상관관계(r=0.162, p<0.05)를 보였지만 다른 혈청지질치들과는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 3. 생활습관의 변화를 보정하고도 중성지방은 체중 (r=0.262, p<0.01), BMI(r=0.267, p<0.01) Katsura 지수(r=0.258, p<0.01)와 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 심근경색지수의 변화는 체중(r=-0.143, p<0.05), BMI(r=-0.158, p<0.05), Katsura 지수(r=-0.144, p<0.05)와 유의한 음의 관련성이 있었다. 이 중 BMI가 가장 큰 상관계수 값을 보였다. 4. 1991년의 허리 엉덩이둘레비로 분류한 경우, 상체형 비만군이 그렇지 않은 군에 비해 HDL-콜레스테롤과 심근경색지수의 증가폭이 유의하게 더 낮았다(p<0.05). Katsura 지수의 경우도 유사한 결과를 보였다. BMI로 분류한 경우에도 역시 비만군이 그렇지 않은 군에 비해 HDL-콜레스테롤, 심근경색지수 값들의 증가폭이 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05 또는 p<0.01). 중성지방은 BMI로 분류한 경우 비만한 군의 증가폭이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 보아, 성인 남성 근로자들에서 혈청 지질치 변화에 대한 비만도의 지표로는 BMI가 허리 엉덩이둘레비나 Katsura 지수보다 더 적절할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1966

It has been known that the pronounced hypotension resulting from hemorrhage gives rise to compensatory stimulation of the adrenosympathetic system, which leads to an increase of liberation of catecholamines from sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. It is obvious, therefore, that numerous physiological and biochemical changes during the hemorrhagic hypotention might be mediated through the increased liberation of catecholamines. Although an extensive studies have been reported on changes of protein and carbohydrate metabolism in hemorrhagic shock a few studies on the changes of lipid metabolism have been reported. Levenson(1961) observed a marked increase of serum lipids content during hemorrhagic shock and also noticed a marked elevation of serum free fatty acids. He suggested that these effects were due to mobilization and accelerated metabolic breakdown of lipids which might be resulted by sympathetic stimulation as a cause. To elucidate the mechanism of this, author studied the change of serum free fatty acids and blood sugar with relation to catecholamines during experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock in dog. Healthy male mongrel dogs weighing approximately 15kg were used. Under the general anesthesia with pentobarbital, rapid hemorrhage was produced from the femoral artery maintaining blood pressure level of 40 mmHg measured by the manometer connected with the opposite femoral artery throughout the experiment. Serum free fatty acids(FFA) and blood sugar were measured by the methods of Dole(1956) and Folin-wu,(1920) respectively. Tissue catecholamine was measured by Shore and Olin method(1958) using Aminco-Bowman spectrophotofluorometer.