• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.552-558
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• 1993

아동복지시설 7곳의 미취학아동 70명을 대상으로 신체발육과 영양실태를 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 조사대상 아동들의 신장, 체중 및 멀리둘레는 한국 소아 발육 표준치보다 다소 적었으며 가슴둘레는 거의 비슷한 경향으로 나타났다. 따라서 이들의 체격발달이 일반 한국 소아의 발육에 비해 다소 떨어짐을 알 수 있다. 또한 식이섭취조사결과 한국인 영양 권장량에 비해 모든 아동들에게서 칼슘의 섭취량이, 또 일부 아동에게서 열량, 철분, 비타민 $B_2$의 섭취량이 다소 낮아서 이들 영양소의 섭취를 보충해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 조사대상 아동들의 생화학적 검사결과 철분 결핍 팔현율은 hemoglobin으로 판정시에는 12.9%, hematocrit으로 판정시에는 18.6%이엇으며 혈청 철분 정상 판정기준 미만인 아동들은 총 인원이 4.3%에 해당하였다. 혈청 총 단백은 정상인 것으로 판명되었다. 따라서 영양상태가 취약한 아동복지시설에서의 영양관리가 효율적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 영양관리 담당 전문인력의 확보 및 여러 사회기관에서의 급식비에 대한 보조지원으로 아동들이 충분히 영양섭취를 할 수 있는 적극적인 지원이 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.716-723
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• 1993

This study was carried out to estimate intake level of Pb, Fe, Cu in rural area of Korea(12 males and 18 females). Analyses for the nutritional status of the record, duplicated diet collections, 24-hour urine collections, and venous blood sampling before measuring of blood pressure. The mean age and blood pressure of the subjects were 45.8$\pm$11.1years and 117.5$\pm$22.2/80.8$\pm$15.6mmHe in males, and 41.9$\pm$11.0years, 110.0$\pm$ 11.9/73.9$\pm$8.5mmHg in females, respectively. In respect to both males and females, mean BMI were 22.0$\pm$2.3, 23.1$\pm$3.0, mean Rohrer index were 131.8$\pm$14.8, 142.4$\pm$20.2 and mean skinfold thickness were 12.4$\pm$5.9mm, 25.3$\pm$7.4mm, respectively. The daily mean intakes of Pb, Fe, and Cu estimated for 3 days were 277.2$\pm$111.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 12.7$\mu\textrm{g}$ 7.6mg/day, and 3.0$\pm$1.4mg/day in males and 192.0$\pm$72.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 13.3$\pm$5.8mg/day, and 3.7 $\pm$1.7mg/day in females, respectively. The mean concentrations of serum Pb, Fe, Cu were 11.0$\pm$2.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 131.1$\pm$42.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 120.3$\pm$25.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in males and 9.0$\pm$1.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 112.2$\pm$ 35.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 117.3$\pm$17.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in females, respectively. The mean levels of Hb and Hct were 15.1$\pm$1.1g/dl, 45.2$\pm$3.3% in males and 13.1$\pm$0.8g/dl, 39.8$\pm$2.6% in females, respectively. The 24-hour urinary excretions of Pb, Fe, Cu were 35.5$\pm$10.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 0.16$\pm$0.12mg/day, 60.12$\pm$0.02$\mu\textrm{g}$/day in males, and 25.3$\pm$11.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 0.24$\pm$0.20mg/day, 70.07$\pm$0.03$\mu\textrm{g}$/day in females, respectively. In conclusion, the Pb intake in self selected diet of this subjects was not in the level that antagonized to Fe and Cu metabolism seriously.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.803-813
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• 2003

Literature suggests that iron deficiency anemia is prevalent among pregnant women all over the world. This study was designed to evaluate the iron status of pregnant women during the fist five months, with the intention of determining ways to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in Korea. We collected dietary information and measured the biochemical status of iron in 171 pregnant women over 16 weeks of gestation (=16.7$\pm$2.34 week). Dietary intakes for 3 days were collected using the 24 hour recall and food record methods. The daily Fe intake was measured using the food frequency method. The Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated by using the pre-pregnancy weight and height, indicated that 31.3% of subjects were under-weight. We divided the subjects into normal and anemic group by using the serum ferritin levels. It appeared that the mean dietary intake of iron was 52.3% of the recommended level for pregnant women. The dietary quality evaluation showed that pregnant women ate only 58% of the recommended amount in the food groups of meat, fish, eggs, beans and milk and dairy products. The hematological indices showed that the mean Hemoglobin (Hb) was 11.9 g/dl, Hematocrit (Hct) was 35.1%, ferritin was 23.9 $ng/ml$, and transferrin was 297.3 ${\mu}g/dl$. The dietary intake of iron was significantly lower and the vitamin C intake was significantly higher in the anemic group. The pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly lower in the anemic group. Variables affecting iron intake were the Fe intake frequency index and the food group score. The Fe index showed significantly positive correlation with the pre-pregnancy food intake and the food group score. Hb showed a significantly positive correlation with the pre-pregnancy food intake. We concluded that strategies to improve iron status be implemented in the pre-pregnant stage so as to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency and that we should stress on the importance of an adequate diet as well as the maintenance of a heathy weight.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.1600-1607
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• 2013

부산에 거주하는 중학생 30명을 대상으로 영양교육이 가공식품 섭취빈도 및 인성특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 영양교육 후 육가공품류, 냉동식품류, 면류, 빵류 및 과자류와 음료류의 가공식품 섭취 빈도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 인성특성에서는 영양교육 전보다 영양교육 후 안정성, 지배성, 사회성과 책임성은 높아졌고 충동성은 낮아졌다. 특히 안정성이 높은 그룹에서 우유 및 유제품류의 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났으며, 안정성이 낮은 그룹에서는 육가공품류, 면류, 빵류 및 과자류, 음료류의 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났다. 충동성이 높은 그룹에서는 육가공품류, 냉동식품류, 면류, 빵류 및 과자류의 섭취빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 충동성이 낮은 그룹에서는 통조림류의 섭취빈도가 높았다. 인성특성과 혈청 무기질의 상관관계에서는 Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg과 K의 경우 안정성, 지배성, 사회성, 책임성에서 양의 상관관계를 가졌으며, 충동성에서 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 Na은 안정성, 지배성, 사회성과 책임성에서 음의 상관관계를 가진 것으로 나타났고, 충동성에서 양의 상관관계를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 또한 혈청 무기질 농도와 인성특성 간의 관계를 살펴보기 위해 영양교육 전과 후 혈청 무기질 농도의 변화를 비교해 본 결과, Na의 농도는 감소하였고 Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg과 K의 농도는 증가하였다. Fe, Zn는 안정성, 지배성, 사회성, 책임성과 양의 상관관계를 가지며, 영양교육 후 농도는 증가하였다. 반면 Na은 충동성과 양의 상관관계를 가지며, 영양교육 후 농도는 감소하였다. 본 연구로 영양교육은 중학생들의 가공식품 섭취 빈도에 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 인성특성에도 긍정적인 변화를 줌을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로써 지속적인 영양교육을 실시하고 올바른 식습관이 유지될 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 개발한다면 청소년들의 건전한 식습관의 형성과 인성특성까지도 긍정적으로 변화시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.1279-1285
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• 2010

본 연구는 국내의 건강한 성인 남녀를 대상으로 녹차와 커피를 섭취하는 군에서의 식이 섭취 상태를 분석하고, 녹차와 커피가 혈중 지질 농도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 수행 되었다. 전체 대상자의 남여 비율은 56.1%, 43.9%로 비슷한 수준을 나타냈고, 전체 대상자의 연령 분포는 40대와 50대가 전체의 80% 수준을 차지했다. 남자 대상자의 대조군, 녹차섭취군, 커피섭취군은 신장, 체중, 체지방률, 허리둘레, 체질량지수에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 여자 대상자의 세 군 비교 결과 신장, 체지방률, 허리둘레, 체질량지수는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 체중에서 커피섭취군이 대조군과 녹차섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 남녀 모두 총 에너지 섭취량에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 남자 대상자의 경우 지방섭취량에서 녹차섭취군과 커피섭취군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 및 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤 농도, Atherogenic Index, Cardiac Index에서 녹차섭취군이 대조군에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 녹차섭취군이 커피섭취군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이상과 같이 본 연구의 녹차와 커피 섭취에 따른 혈중 지질 농도의 비교 결과, 녹차의 섭취가 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 영향은 나타나지 않았으나 커피의 섭취는 혈중 지질성상 중 총 콜레스테롤과 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-40
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• 1971

Since the iron balance is maintained by regulated intestinal absorption rather than regulated excretion, there have been many reports concerning the factors which may influence the intestinal iron absorption. As the liver is the largest iron storage organ of the body, any hepatocellular damage may result in disturbances in iron metabolism, e,g., frequent co-existence of hemochromatosis and liver cirrhosis, or elevated serum iron level and increased iron absorption rate in patients with infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis. In one effort to demonstrate the influence of hepatocellular damage on intestinal iron absortion, the iron absorption rate was measured in the rabbits whose livers were injured by a single subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (doses ranging from 0.15 to 0.5cc per kg of body weight) or by a single irradiation of 2,000 to 16,000 rads with $^{60}Co$ on the liver locally. A single oral dose of $1{\mu}Ci\;of\;^{59}Fe$-citrate with 0.5mg of ferrous citrate was fed in the fasting state, 24 hours after hepatic damage had been induced, without any reducing or chelating agents, and stool was collected for one week thereafter. Serum iron levels, together with conventional liver function tests, were measured at 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 hours after liver damage had been induced. All animals were sacrificed upon the completing of the one week's test period and tissue specimens were prepared for H-E and Gomori's iron stain. Following are the results. 1. Normal iron absorption rate of the rabbit was $41.72{\pm}3.61%$ when 0.5mg of iron was given in the fasting state, as measured by subtracting the amount recovered in stool collected for 7 days from the amount given. The test period of 7 days is adequate, for only 1% of the iron given was excreted thereafter. 2. The intestinal iron absorption rate and serum iron level were significantly increased when the animal was poisoned by a single subcutaneous injection of 0.15cc. per kg. of body weight of carbon tetrachloride or more, or the liver was irradiated with a single dose of 12,000 rads or more. The results of liver function tests which were done simultaneously remained within normal limit except SGOT and SGPT which were somewhat increased. 3. In each case, there has been good correlation between the extent of liver cell damage and degree of increased iron absorption rate or serum iron level. 4. The method of liver damage appeared to make no obvious difference in the pattern of iron deposit in liver. This may be partly due to the fact that tissue specimens were obtained too late, for by this time the elevated serum iron level had returned within normal range and the pathological changes were almost healed. 5. The possible factors and relationship between intestinal iron absorption and hepatic parenchymal cell damage has been discussed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2010

본 연구는 젊은 여성인 여대생의 철 영양상태를 살펴보고, 체격과 체내 셀레늄 수준과의 관계를 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 대상자들의 평균 나이는 21.9세이며, 키, 체중 및 체질량지수는 각각 164 cm와 60.1 kg, $22.2\;kg/m^2$를 나타내었고, 체질량지수는 $17.9\;kg/m^2$에서 $35.9\;kg/m^2$까지의 다양한 수준의 체격 분포를 보였다. 본 연구 여대생들의 철결핍과 빈혈율은 각각 27.1%, 8.6%이지만, 철 결핍성 빈혈율은 1.4%에 불과하였다. 체질량지수에 따른 철 영양상태를 보면, 체질량지수가 가장 낮은 집단에서 혈청 페리틴 수준과 혈청 철 수준이 낮았지만, 체중 증가에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 헤모글로빈 수준이나 적혈구 용적비는 체격에 따른 차이를 전혀 보이지 않았으며, 적혈구수는 저체중군에서 중체중군으로 체질량지수가 증가하였으나 고체중군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 본 연구 대상자들의 평균 혈청 셀레늄 수준은 $12.0\;{\mu}g/dL$를 나타내었다. 혈청 셀레늄 수준에 따른 철 지표를 보면 혈청 페리틴 수준은 혈청 셀레늄 농도 증가에 따른 차이를 보이지 않지만, 혈청 철 수준과 혈액의 적혈구수, 적혈구 용적비는 평균 셀레늄 수준이 $9.6\;{\mu}g/dL$에서 혈청 셀레늄 $11.4\;{\mu}g/dL$으로 증가하는 경우 유의적으로 증가하여 낮은 셀레늄군에 비해 중셀레늄군 및 고셀레늄군에서 증가하였다. 혈청 페리틴 수준은 체질량지수에 의해 약 25.0%를 설명할 수 있으며, 적혈구수는 혈청 셀레늄 수준과 체지방율에 의해 변이의 26.2%를 설명할 수 있었다. 그러나 헤모글로빈이나 적혈구 용적비 등 다른 철 지표들은 쳬질량지수나 혈청 셀레늄 수준에 의해 설명이 되지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 체내 철 수준은 혈청 셀레늄수준, 체격인자 중 체질량지수 및 체지방율과 관련성을 제시하였다.

• 식품기술
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.49-60
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• 1998

Ascorbate-$Fe^3+$-EDTA에 의해 생성된 hydroxyl radical (HO.)을 이용하여 단백질과 지질의 산화적 손상을 유도하였으며, 이 손상에 대한 멜라토닌(melatonin), glutathione, $\alpha$-tocopherol의 방어효과를 분석하였다. 단백질로는 bovine serum albumin (BSA), 지질로는 phosphatidyl-choline (PC) liposome을 이용하였다. 그리고 BSA와 PC liposome의 혼합계에서도 각 항산화제의 효능을 분석하였다. 단백질의 산화적 손상은 carbonyl기의 생성 및 단백질 절단을, 지질산화는 lipid peroxidation (LPO, malondialdehyde 와 4-hydroxyalkenal) 분석을 통하여 조사하였다. 단백질의 산화는 멜라토닌과 glutathione이, 지질산화는 멜라토닌과 $\alpha$-tocopherol이 효과적으로 억제하였다. 그러나 glutathione은 지질, $\alpha$-tocopherol은 단백질의 산화를 억제하지 못하였다. BSA와 PC liposome이 동시에 존재하는 혼합물에서는 수용성과 지용성 특성을 모두 지닌 멜라토닌은 단백질, 지질 모두에 대해 산화방지효과가 있으나 수용성인 glutathione은 단백질에, 지용성인 $\alpha$-tocopherol은 지질에만 주로 효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 1992

An intracellular protease form cells of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans DSM 1227 grown on carbon monoxide was purified 57-fold in six steps to homogeneity with a yield of 4.3% using azocoll as a substrate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 150,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis revealed the purified enzyme to be a dimer with two identical subunits of molecular weight 72,000. The enzyme was stimulated by $Mg^{2+}$ but was inhibited completely by $Cd^{2+}$ $Fe^{2+}$ $Hg^{2+}$, and $^Zn{2+}$ The enzyme activity was also inhibited by EDTA, EGTA, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and phenyl glyoxal, but was increased by 1-ethyl-3(dimethyl aminopropyl fluoride, and phenyl glyoxal, but was increased by 1-ethyl-3(dimethyl aminopropyl)carbodiimide, iodoacetamide and dithiothereitol. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were found to be 7-8 and 50.deg.C, respectively. Casein and bovine serum albumin were hydrolyzed by the enzyme, but carbon monoxide dehydrogenase was not.

• 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양학회 2003년도 하계 학술 심포지엄
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• pp.76-76
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean premenopausal women. Seventy-eight premenopausal women who visited health promotion center for health examinations volunteered to participate in this study and they were divided into two groups according to the bone status by T-score : normal or osteopenic group and osteoporotic group. The demographic and general characteristics, and dietary intake were surveyed using the questionnaire. BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of subjects were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum samples were measured for Lipid concentration, and calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase as bone formation indicators. Urine was analysed for creatinine as bone resolution indicators. The results are as follows:The mean BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were 1.21 0.02g/cm$^2$ and 0.97 0.04g/cm$^2$, respectively and the BMD levels of osteoporotic group were significantly lower than that of normal or osteopenic group (p<0.001, respectively). Height in osteoporotic group was significantly lower than that of normal or osteopenic group (p<0.01), and bodyweight did not show any significant difference but had a lower tendency. Mean daily intake of energy was 1720 52ka1. When nutrient intake was compared with recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of subjects, calcium, Fe, vitamin A and riboflavin intakes showed means lower than RDA. The nutrient intake did not show any significant difference between normal or osteopenic group and osteoporotic group except intakes of protein fat and niacin. Serum and urine levels did not show any significant differences between normal or osteopenic group and osteoporotic group and all were within normal range, however, serum alkaline phosphatase level of osteoporotic group was significantly higher than that of normal or osteopenic group (p<0.001). Height showed positive correlations with lumbar spine bone mineral density (LBMD, r=0.332, p<0.01), no correlation was found with femoral neck bone mineral density (NBMD). Age, age at menarche, bodyweight, body mass index (BMI) and obesity showed no correlation with BMD. The BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly and positively related to the intake of niacin and vitamin C (r=0.236, p<0.05; r=0.274, p<0.05). Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus showed a negative correlation with LBMD (r=-0.698, p=0.0001; r=-0.503, p=0.0001, respectively). The results suggested that the BMDs of the lumbar spine was positively related to the intake of niacin and vitamin C in premenopausal women. Therefore, this study confirmed that one of the most effective way to minimize bone loss would be higher intake of niacin and vitamin C rich foods and habitual physical activity may have a beneficial effect on BMD in premenopausal period.