• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

The Andong serpentinite body is distributed along the Andong fault, and shows an elliptical shape. The serpentinite is composed of serpentine minerals and other various minerals such as forsterite, pyroxene, talc, tremolite, chlorite, prehnite, calcite and dolomite. The serpentine minerals consist primarily of lizardite with minor chrysotile. Antigorite rarely occurs in some veins. The serpentinite is largely divided into two alteration zones by the occurrence and mineral assemblages. One of the alteration zones is composed of a large amount of serpentine minerals. The other is characterized by tremolite and chlorite. The alteration zone composed of tremolite and chlorite seems to have been formed by hydrothermal alteration after the formation of serpentinite. It is considered that the serpentinite have been formed by alteration of the ultramafic rock such as peridotite.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.205-217
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• 2017

Mineral carbonation by indirect method has been studied by serpentinite as cation source. Through the carbonation of $CO_2$ and alkaline earth ions (calcium and magnesium) from serpentinite, the pure carbonates including $MgCO_3$ and $CaCO_3$ were synthesized. The extraction solvent used to extract magnesium (Mg) was ammonium sulfate ($(NH_4)_2SO_4$), and the investigated experimental factors were the concentration of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, reaction temperature, and ratio of serpentinite to the extraction solvent. From this study, the Mg extraction efficiency of approximately 80 wt% was obtained under the conditions of 2 M $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $300^{\circ}C$, and a ratio of 5 g of serpentinite/75 mL of extraction solvent. The Mg extraction efficiency was proportional to the concentration and reaction temperature. $NH_3$ produced from the Mg extraction of serpentinite was used as a pH swing agent for carbonation to increase the pH value. About 1.78 M of $NH_3$ as the form of $NH_4{^+}$ was recovered after Mg extraction from serpentinite. And, the main step in Mg extraction process of serpentinite was estimated by geochemical modeling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2009

This study is for the occurrence types of asbestos within 2 serpentinite mines, Baekdong and Kwangsi, Chungnam. They were exploited as serpentinite mines for several decades and closed in the 1980's. Asbestos with associated minerals were collected from the serpentinite bodies. They were examined with microscopes and FESEM, and analysed with EPMA, XRD and EDX to confirm for the types and/or compositions of the minerals. The serpentinites contain asbestos and nonasbestos minerals. Asbestos include chrysotile, tremolite and actinolite. The chrysotiles occur as veins of several mm to cm thickness with random directions. The tremolite and actinolite occur along cracks and fractures of several cm to ten cm thickness. They show mineralogical characteristics showing common asbestos under the microscope. Non-asbestos including chrysotile, lizardite, antigorite, tremolite and actinolite were also found within the serpentinite. The serpentines form pseudomorphic mesh textures, and also show hourglass or ribbon textures. The tremolite and actinolite were formed from the alterations of the pyroxenes and amphiboles, and plot between tremolite and magnesio hornblende. Tremolitic grains are colorless and occur as commonly elongated grains whereas the magnesio hornblende grains mainly show light green and occur as subhedral to euhedral grains. Overall results suggest that three types of asbestos are found in the Baekdong and Kwangsi serpentinite mines with varieties of the occurrences. Based on the occurrence types for the asbestos, additional studies are required for the asbestos of the top soil and the air.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.126-138
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• 1997

Serpentinite of the Yesan-Gongju-Cheongyang area has been formed by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. The ultramafic rock might be composed mainly of oilvine with minor pyroxene and amphibole. Olivine has a considerably restricted chemical compositional ranging from Fo90 to Fo93. Fresh serpentinite containing large amount of oilvine is usually massive in occurrence and dark green to black in color. Serpentine minerals occur not only as major mineral of serpentinite, but also as remnants in the talc ore which was formed from serpentinite. XRD study indicates that antigorie is the most abundant serpentine mineral of the serpentinite. Serpentinite consisting of antigorite usually shows non-pseudomorphic texture, whereas that consisting of lizardite shows pseudomorphic texture. Antigorite is found along the margins or fractures of olivine grains resulting in the formation of network of magnetite which was formed at the time of serpentinization. Lizardite, subordinate constituent mineral of serpentinite, frequently shows pseudomorphic mesh-texture after olivine. The chemical differences between antigorite and lizardite/chrysotile are small, so both minerals are not easily discernible with the electron microprobe. Antigorite occuers as elongate blades, flakes, or plates forming interpenetrating texture to obliterate previous textures. SEM study also shows that most serpentine minerals occur in platy or tabular form rather than in asbestiform. Fractures formed after main serpentinization are observed within the pseudomorphic central olivine grain. Careful observation of the serpentine pseudomorphs gives a great deal of data on the pre-serpentinization nature of the serpentine pseudomorphs gives a great deal of data on the pre-serpentinization nature of the ultramafic rocks. It is inferred that the serpentinization took place after the emplacement of ultramafic body into the relatively wet environment ceased and the cooling intrusive body crossed into the stability field of serpentine. It is inferred that the final pervasive serpentinization took place over a long time, by hydrothermal water supplied through the fracture system produced during emplacement of ultramafic rock.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 1995

Geochemical characteristics of iron-related Ulsan granite was studied in comparison with the Cretaceous granitoids from the metallogenic provinces of copper, lead-zinc and lead-zinc/molybdenum in the Gyeongsang Basin, and the variation of cheminal compositions at the Ulsan granite/serpentinite contact was investigated. Ulsan granite is plotted in the regions of granite and granodiorite of Streckeisen's diagram. It shows differentiation trend of calc-alkali magma, and the magmatic evolution from granodiorite to granite is consistant with the general crystallization path of the Cretaceous the granitoids in Gyeongsang Basin. Differentiation index(D.I.) of Ulsan granite is 86~95, which is higher than those of Jindong granites (D.I.=45~70) and Onjongri granites (D.I.=67~84), and there are differences in the content of some major and trace elements between Ulsan granite and other Cretaceous granitoids. At the Ulsan granite/serpentinite contact $SiO_2$, $K_2O$, $Na_2O$, $Al_2O_3$, Rb, Sr, Ba which are abundant in Ulsan granite decrease toward serpentinite, while T.Fe, MgO, Ni, Cr which are abundant in serpentinite decrease toward Ulsan granite. Therefore, the geochemical characteristics of Ulsan granite is applicable to distinguish iron province from different metallogenic provinces where other Cretaceous granitoids occur in the Gyeongsang Basin, and it is possible to find serpentinite which was intruded by granite on the basis of chemical variations.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.385-391
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• 1997

To investigate the degrees of toxification in the serpentine areas, serpentinites and adjacent metamorphic rocks and soils from the serpentinite, metamorphic area and transitional area(mixed soil) between serpentinite and metamorphic rocks are collected from the Hongseong-Gun, Chungnam. A plant, Geochemically, the serpentinites are high in the nickel, chromium and cobalt content whereas the metamorphic rocks show high zinc, scandium, molybdenum and iron contents. The serpentine soils are high in the nickel, chromium and cobalt contents whereas the non-serpentine soils show high zinc and iron contents. Heavy metal contents in the G. oldhamiana are high in the serpentine soil relative to the mixed soil. Ratio of the iron to nickel contents for the G. oldhamiana are low in the serpentine soil(49) relative to the mixed soil(216). Of the G. oldhamiana, most of the heavy metal contents except zinc and molybdenum are high in the root relative to the aboveground vegetation. Comparing with rocks, the G. oldhamiana is low in the all of heavy metal contents relative to the serpentinite. Uptake of zinc by the G. oldhamiana is high in the serpentinites and metamorphic rocks whereas uptake of scandium and iron by the G. oldhamiana is very high in the serpentinite area.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2012

Six serpentine mines are found in South Korea. We investigated occurrence, characteristics and origin of constituent minerals of Bibong serpentine mine in Chungcheongnam-do. We also analyzed the properties of serpentine minerals using XRD, XRF, SEM/EDS, FT-IR, EPMA and polarized microscope. The serpentinite of Bibong mine occurs as intruded body within the Precambrian metasedimentary rocks. Various minerals such as serpentine, forsterite, pyroxene, tremolite, magnetite, chlorite, mica, talc and dolomite are occurre. Five distinctive mineral assemblage types are observed in the serpentinite: (A) serpentine-forsterite, (B) serpentine, (C) serpentine-chlorite (vermiculite), (D) serpentine-tremolite, (E) tremolite-chlorite. Lizardite and antigorite are mainly occurred as serpentine minerals and chrysotile is partly included. From the study of mineral compositions and occurrence of serpentinite body, serpentine formed by hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rock consisting mainly of forsterite, and altered minerals such as chlorite and tremolite subsequently formed by secondary hydrothermal alteration.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2003

A phylogenetic analysis of bacterial populations inhabiting soil derived from serpentine was conducted. The samples were collected from adjacent metamorphic rocks and serpentinite soil at Kwangcheon. The pH of the serpentine areas ranged from 8.5 to 9.2. The number of bacteria on the DAL medium which was diluted with $10^{-2}$ of AL medium was 10~100 fold higher than that from the full strength of AL medium, and which indicates that oligotrophs are distributed in the serpentinite soil. Of a total of 76 isolates, 42 isolates were oligotrophic bacteria, which grew only on the DAL medium. Based on a phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences, these isolates are found to fall within five major phylogenetic groups: proteobacteria $\alpha$-subdivision (3 strains), $\alpha$-subdivision (7 strains), $\gamma$-subdivision (2 trains); high G+C gram-positive bacteria (19 strains); low G+C grampositive bacteria (14 strains). Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces (high G+C division) and Bacillus (low G+C division) have been considered to form a numerically important fraction of serpentinite soil. Oligotrophic strains categorized as Afipia ($\alpha$-subdivision), Ralstonia, Variovorax ($\beta$-subdivision), Pseudomonas ($\gamma$ -subdivision), Arthrobacter (high G+C division), and Streptomyces (low G+C division).

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4 s.50
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• pp.325-336
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• 2006

Domestic serpentinite is one of the important industrial minerals utilizing in the iron manufacturing company such as POSCO in Korea. Serpentinite is distributed in the Ulsan Fe deposit, Andong, Hongseong-Cheongyang, and Gapyeong areas. This study tries to interpret the relationship among the formation of carbonate rocks, iron mineralization, and serpentinite alteration throughout the study of field occurrence, mineralogy, and chemical compositions. Serpentine is formed by the break-down of olivine and pyroxene of parent peridotite. The serpentinization is inferred to be formed by the hydrothermal fluid derived from intruded Cretaceous granite and the addition of meteoric water. Variation of major oxides such as $SiO_2,\;Fe_2O_3$, and MgO in serpentinized rocks are controlled by the degree of serpentinization and Fe mineralization. Variation of $Al_2O_3$ and CaO contents of altered rocks is dependent on the amount of the residual minerals such as calcite and homblende, and on the degree of chloritization. The presence of carbonate rocks reported in the sedimentary origin or igneous origin (carbonatite) provided a geological environment to form skarn type Fe deposit regardless of its origin. The geological processes of Ulsan Fe deposits are inferred to be formed as the order of the formation of carbonate rocks ${\to}$ the intrusion of Cretaceous granite ${\to}$ serpentinization ${\to}$ Fe mineralization by the interprelation of field occurrence and mineralogical characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.200-202
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• 2002

This study was for comparisons of transitional element concentrations from the two different soil, serpentinite(SP) and granite area(GR), Kwangcheon and Hongseong area. Soils were collected by soil depths (10, 20 and 30cm) from the sites selected In the plant species(coniferous and deciduous species). In the soils, the SP was high in the Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn concentrations, while the GR was high in the Cu, As, Sc and V. With the soil depths, the elements had high solubility, such as Cr, Co and Ni concentrations, were high in the SP, while the other elements were not clear. For the both species, the SP was high in the root and bolebark, while in the GR, not clear. Coniferous species in the same soil types, was higher than the deciduous In most elements. The more with increasing ages, the more with element accumulation in most plant parts except leaves. Comparisons between the soils and plant species, in the case of the element contents within the soils, the plant species in the same sites was similar trend. especially, clear in the SP