• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.281-299
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• 2017

Single (0.005 M DTPA), sequential (six-step) and kinetic (0.05 M EDTA) extractions were performed to assess Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn mobilization and their potential ecological risks in Abuja (Nigeria) water (WTS) and wastewater (WWTS) treatment sludges. Total metal levels (mg/kg) in WTS and WWTS, respectively were: Cd(3.67 and 5.03), Cr(5.70 and 9.03), Cu(183.59 and 231.53), Ni(1.33 and 3.23), Pb(13.43 and 17.87), Zn(243.45 and 421.29). DTPA furnished metal extraction yields (%) in WTS and WWTS, respectively as: Cd(11 and 6), Cr (15 and 7), Cu(17 and 13), Ni(23 and 3), Pb(11 and 12), and Zn(37 and 33). The metals were associated with the soluble/exchangeable, carbonate, Mn/Fe-oxide, organic matter and residual forms to varying degrees. Kinetic extractions cumulatively leached metal concentrations akin to the mobilizable fractions extracted sequentially and the leaching data fitted well into the Elovich model. Metal mobilities were concordant for the three leaching procedures and varied in the order:WTS>WWTS. Calculated ecological risk indices suggested moderate and considerable metal toxicity in WTS and WWTS, respectively with Cd as the worst culprit. The findings may be useful in predicting heavy metals bioavailability and risks in the sludges to guide their disposal and use in land applications.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.307-314
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• 1999

In this paper, we study on the transformation technique of sequential programs for the purpose of 'exploiting parallelism' and 'improving locality'. Based on the analysis of loop procedures of sequential programs with the factor of dependency and locality, two transformation techniques of loop distribution and loop fusion are applied to them. Transformed programs can be easily expressed as a parallel program wit thread notation, having coarse-grain parallelism and improved locality. This means that those transformations can be useful tools for optimizing and automatic-parallelizing compiler construction. Application of those techniques to SPEC95 on a solaris machine with four SPARC processors show an improvement of execution time.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.377-384
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• 2000

Background: Numerous studies of safe, long term preservation for lung transplantation have been performed using ex vivo models or in vivo single lung transplantation models. However, a safe preservation time which is applicable for clinical use is difficult to determine. We prepared LPDG solution for lung preservation study. In this study we examined the efficacy of LPDG(low potassium dextran glucose) solution in 24-hour lung preservation by using a sequential bilateral canine lung allotransplant model. Material and Method: Seven bilateral lung transplant procedures were performed using weight-matched pairs(24 to 25kg) of adult mongrel dogs. The donor lungs were flushed with LPDG solution and maintained hyperinflated with 100% oxygen at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for a planned ischemic time of 24 hours for the lung implanted first. After sequential bilateral lung transplantation, dogs were maintained on ventilators for 3 hours: arterial resistance were determined if the recipients hourly after bilateral reperfusion and compared with pretransplant-recipient values, which were used as controls. After 2hours of reperfusion, the chest X-ray, computed tomogram and lung perfusion scan were performed for assessmint of early graft lung function. Pathological examinations for ultrastructural findings of alveolar structure and endothelial structure of pulmonary artery were performed. Result: Five of seven experiments successfully finished the whole assessments after bilateral reperfusion for three hours. Arterial oxygen tension in the recipients was markedly decrased in immediate reperfusion period but gradually recovered after reperfusion for three hours. The pulmonary artery and pulmonary vascular resistance showed singificant elevation(p<0.05 versus control values) but also recovered after reperfusion for three hours(p<0.05 versus immediate period value). The ultrastructural findings of alveolar structure and endothelial structure of pulmonary artery showed reversible mild injury in 24 hours of lung perservation and reperfusion. Conclusion : This study suggests that LPDG solution provides excellent preservation in a canine model in which the dog is completely dependent on the function of the transplanted lung.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.327-341
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• 2016

This study explores the effective visual resources in the “regularity in chemical reactions” unit of ninth grade science textbooks (2009 revised version). The frequency and role of visual resources were initially examined, and the students’ perceptions of visual resources were investigated. The results of the analysis represented the learning material presentation (68%), motivational categories (14%), guide to inquiry procedures (9%), and inquiry results and summaries (8%). According to the investigation of the students’ perceptions of visual resources, the most effective visual resource for motivation is a photograph depicting physical and chemical changes, such as in bread baking and the most effective for learning material presentations in mass conservation, definite proportion, and stoichiometric concept units were a cartoon, graph, and formula representing stoichiometric phenomena, respectively. The most effective resource for guide to inquiry (experimental) procedures were photographs of both instruments and sequential experiment processes; and in the inquiry results and summary category, incomplete tables and graphs for students to work on themselves. The aims of this research are to increase the usefulness of visual resources in the teaching-learning activity and provide informative supplements for the development and improvement of visual resources, according to the students’ perceptions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.333-341
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• 1990

aortoiliac pattern, Group II; femoropopliteal pattern and Group g; tibioperoneal pattern. A majority of patients belonged to group I [27 cases], 8 patients came under group II .and none in group g. Thirty patients underwent bypass operation with autogenous saphenous vein or synthetic graft with or without concomitant lumbar sympathectomy. Remaining 5 patients were operated on with sympathectomy only, Bypass procedures were anatomic bypass in 22 cases: aortoiliac artery bypass in 11 cases, femoropopliteal artery bypass in 10 cases, sequential femoropopliteal artery bypass in one case and extra-anatomic bypass in 8 cases, axillary-bifemoral artery bypass in one case and femorofemoral artery bypass in 7 cases. Postoperative complications which mainly composed of superficial wound infection[5 cases] which were treated without any significant sequel in all cases and thrombosis[2 cases]. Three patients died whose causes of death were acute renal failure in 2 cases and myocardial infarction in other, The overall patency, rate was 70Zo in 5 years. In conclusion, the clinical pattern and operative outcome were similar to he western pattern and all cases of death did not related to operative procedures and ischemic symptoms were relieved by bypass operations except several cases. I think and recommend that all patients suffering chronic arterial insufficiency by atherosclerosis obliterans ought to be managed with urgent and adequate operative procedure.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.783-793
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to apply the machine and deep learning methodology on error terms which are continuously auto-generated on the sensors with specific time period and prove the improvement effects of power generator prediction diagnosis system by comparing detection ability. Methods: The SVM(Support Vector Machine) and MLP(Multi Layer Perception) learning procedures were applied for predicting the target values and sequentially producing the error terms for confirming the detection improvement effects of suggested application. For checking the effectiveness of suggested procedures, several detection methodologies such as Cusum and EWMA were used for the comparison. Results: The statistical analysis result shows that without noticing the sequential trivial changes on current diagnosis system, suggested approach based on the error term diagnosis is sensing the changes in the very early stages. Conclusion: Using pattern of error terms as a diagnosis tool for the safety control process with SVM and MLP learning procedure, unusual symptoms could be detected earlier than current prediction system. By combining the suggested error term management methodology with current process seems to be meaningful for sustainable safety condition by early detecting the symptoms.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.110-120
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• 1999

Lymphedema, regardless of etiology, is essentially incurable but different treatment approaches which serve to contain swelling exist. The objectives of treatment are to reduce swelling, restore shape, educate about the self-maintenance methods, and prevent inflammatory episodes, eg, recurrent cellulitis. The purpose of this report is to provide therapists and other medical staff with a general guideline through the example treatment procedure of two patients with lymphedema admitted to Samsung Medical Center. This study demonstrates the effects of the various treatments used and how they helped to achieve improvement in mobility and reduction in swelling of the lower limbs. The basic conservative treatments were sequential intermittent pneumatic pumps, elevation, and CDP (complex decongestive physiotherapy). The surgical procedures (Homan's operation) were carried out after maximal volume reduction through conservative programs. In these cases, we can see greater than 50% reduction in the lymphedema in those treated by conservative and surgical procedures. This presents a simple, reliable, variable method yielding satisfactory cosmetic and functional results for patients suffering from chronic both-leg lymphedema. Futhermore, I suggest that the outcomes are best when treatment is administered by a multidisciplinary team including a physiotherapist, surgeon, nurse, et al.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.384-390
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• 2013

Postinsertion problems tend to be minimized when a sequential insertion procedure is followed. However, problems may occur as the result of one or any combination of comfort, function, esthetics, and phonetic difficulties. Following the insertion of a partial denture, an appointment for review in approximately 7 days should be made for the patient. At the review visit, the patient should be questioned concerning any problems that have been experienced when wearing the denture. A thorough examination should then be carried out of the oral tissues and the denture, in the course of which signs of tissue damage may be observed. A diagnosis is then made of the cause of all the problems revealed in the history and examination procedures. Appropriate treatment should then be applied to resolve these problems.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.937-944
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• 2021

The problem of selecting variables is addressed in partial linear regression. Model selection for partial linear models is not easy since it involves nonparametric estimation such as smoothing parameter selection and estimation for linear explanatory variables. In this work, several approaches for variable selection are proposed using a fast forward selection algorithm, least angle regression (LARS). The proposed procedures use t-test, all possible regressions comparisons or stepwise selection process with variables selected by LARS. An example based on real data and a simulation study on the performance of the suggested procedures are presented.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.467-482
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• 2020

We investigate a monitoring procedure for the early detection of parameter changes in location-scale time series models. We introduce a detector for monitoring procedure based on modified residual cumulative sum (CUSUM). The asymptotic properties of the monitoring procedure are established under the null and alternative hypotheses. Simulation results and data analysis are also provided for illustration.