• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2017

Background Skin erosion is a dire complication of implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators. Classical treatments involve removal of the entire generator and lead systems, however, these may result in fatal complications. In this study, we present our experience with a simplified salvage technique for exposed implantable cardiac electronic devices (ICEDs) without removing the implanted device, in an attempt to reduce the risks and complication rates associated with this condition. Methods The records of 10 patients who experienced direct ICED exposure between January 2012 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The following surgical procedure was performed in all patients: removal of skin erosion and capsule, creation of a new pocket at least 1.0-1.5 cm inferior to its original position, migration of the ICED to the new pocket, and insertion of closed-suction drainage. Patients with gross local sepsis or septicemia were excluded from this study. Results Seven patients had cardiac pacemakers and the other 3 had implantable cardiac defibrillators. The time from primary ICED placement to exposure ranged from 0.3 to 151 months (mean, 29 months. Postoperative follow-up in this series ranged from 8 to 31 months (mean follow-up, 22 months). Among the 10 patients, none presented with any signs of overt infection or cutaneous lesions, except 1 patient with hematoma on postoperative day 5. The hematoma was successfully treated by surgical removal and repositioning of the closed-suction drainage. Conclusions Based on our experience, salvage of exposed ICEDs is possible without removing the device in selected patients.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.381-385
• /
• 2006

Discospondylitis is an infection of intervertebral discs, associated end plates, and adjacent vertebral bodies causing destruction and proliferation. A 10-year-old intact female Rhodesian Ridgeback dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University with paraparesis and severe pain at T13-L1 region for one week duration. The treatment with PDS for one week by referring veterinarian showed no clinical improvement. At time of presentation, clinical signs of the patient included depression, vaginal discharge, and fever. In T-L spine radiography, osteolytic change was found between caudal endplate of T13 and cranial endplate of L1. The affected vertebral bodies were shortened and intervertebral disc space was widened. In abdominal radiography, a dilated soft tissue opacity tubular structure was found in mid-caudal abdomen. The abdominal ultrasonography revealed the uterus dilated with echogenic fluid. The CT findings showed concentric lysis of T13-L1 endplates. The dog was diagnosed as diskospondylitis at T13-L1 and pyometra. Urine and blood were cultured, and Staphylococcus (S.) intermedius was identified. The patient had surgical treatment for pyometra but died for septicemia.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study is on the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment records of King Hyeonjong, classified according to diseases and chronology. Methods : Records on the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of King Hyeonjong have been extracted from the web database of "The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Chosun Dynasty". First, all articles containing the keywords 'Yakbang (藥房)' and 'Euigwan (醫官)' have been extracted. Then, those during King Hyeonjong's reign have been rearranged in chronological order. Among these records, those regarding acupuncture and moxibustion have been used in this paper. Results : King Hyeonjong was mostly treated on eye diseases, musculoskeletal system disorders, deficient source qi, and tumor. Acupuncture treatment was preferred for eye diseases, and moxibustion treatment for musculoskeletal disorders. Medicine was used 50 times, acupuncture 4 times, and moxibustion 14 times to treat source qi deficiency, showing that acupuncture and moxibustion treatments were used for clear deficiency syndrome. Only on the case of tumor, the number of acupuncture treatments was bigger than that of medicine treatments. Conclusions : In the early days of his reign, King Hyeonjong suffered from hypochondria, as compared to source qi deficiency and septicemia during later days. He received frequent acupuncture and moxibustion treatments, and he especially preferred those treatments for eye diseases and musculoskeletal disorders.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.623-629
• /
• 1999

근막극(fascial space)이란 느슨한 결체조직으로 채워진 근층(fascial plane)사이에 존재하는 잠재적인 공간으로 두개악안면 부위에는 복잡한 해부학적 구조와 근육들에 의해 많은 근막 간극이 존재한다. 이들 근막극은 두개악안면부위에 감염이 존재할 경우 일반적으로 근층에 의하여 자연적으로 감염의 확산이 제한되기도 하지만, 감염의 정도가 심한 경우에는 이러한 근층이 파괴되어 감염이 인접 근막 간극으로 전파되는 자연적인 통로가 되며 이로 인해 안면과 경부의 심층까지 감염이 확산되기도 한다. 치성감염이 연조직내로 침투하면 결체조직을 통하여 그리고 근막극을 따라 최소저항의 방향으로 확산되므로 염증은 치성 원인에서 먼 곳까지 파급될 수 있고 심지어는 생명까지도 위험하게 된다. 두경부 연조직의 감염은 현대에는 다양한 항생제가 발달되어 치료에 도움을 주고 있으나, 조기에 적절한 치료가 이루어지지 않을 경우에는 기도폐쇄, 균혈증, 뇌농양, 혈전성 정맥염 등의 심각한 합병증을 야기할 수 있으므로 이들에 대한 조기진단과 적극적인 치료가 필요하겠다. 본 증례에서는 두경부 악안면 근막극 농양환아에 있어서 근관내 배농을 통하여 치료한 바 외과적 술식을 이용한 치료에 비하여 다음과 같은 잇점이 있는것으로 평가되어 이에 보고하는 바이다. 1) 입원을 피함으로서 환자의 경제적 부담 감소 2) 시술의 편의성 3) 환아의 공포감 조성 방지

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제21권9호
• /
• pp.903-913
• /
• 2011

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which causes gastroenteritis, wound infection, and septicemia, has two sets of type III secretion systems (TTSS), TTSS1 and TTSS2. A TTSS1-deficient vcrD1 mutant of V. parahaemolyticus showed an attenuated cytotoxicity against HEp-2 cells, and a significant reduction in mouse lethality, which were both restored by complementation with the intact vcrD1 gene. V. parahaemolyticus also triggered phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38 and ERK1/2 in HEp-2 cells. The ability to activate p38 and ERK1/2 was significantly affected in a TTSS1-deficient vcrD1 mutant. Experiments using MAPK inhibitors showed that p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs are involved in V. parahaemolyticus-induced death of HEp-2 cells. In addition, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were processed into active forms in V. parahaemolyticus-exposed HEp-2 cells, but activation of caspases was not essential for V. parahaemolyticus-induced death of HEp-2 cells, as shown by both annexin V staining and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. We conclude that secreted protein(s) of TTSS1 play an important role in activation of p38 and ERK1/2 in HEp-2 cells that eventually leads to cell death via a caspase-independent mechanism.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.367-376
• /
• 1997

Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative, halophilic, oxidase-positive, lactose-positive, motile, rod shaped bacterium that has been associated with primary septicemia and wound infection. Elucidating the growth and survival of V. vulnificus in ecological conditions is of great importance to develop sanitary measure against this microorganism. Thus we simulated the ecological conditions and evaluated the effect. About $10^5\;CFU/ml$ of V. vulnificus was inoculated to fresh water, brackish water $(1\%\;NaCl)$, sea water $(3\%\;NaCl)$, and bottom deposit solution. The same concentration of V. vulnificus was also inoculated to distilled water, $1\%\;NaCl$ solution and $3\%\;NaCl$ solution as controls. These were stored at 4, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively and were used to assess the effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of V. vulnificus. In fresh water V. vulnificus could not survive regardless of storage temperature. In case of brackish water and sea water survival time of V. vulnificus was the longest at $25^{\circ}C$, and the number of V. vulnificus was decreased most rapidly at $4^{\circ}C$. V. vulnificus survived longer in brackish water than in any other conditions. In bottom deposit solution containing brackish water, the survival time of V. vulnificus was longer and the rate of decline was slower than that in brackish water. These results indicate that both biological and physicochemical factors such as temperature and salinity could affect survival of V. vulnificus. V. vulnificus, damaged in normal fresh water, did not grow on TCBS agar of selective plating medium but grew on BHI agar plate; However, V. vulnificus was recovered by addition of salt and nutrient materials.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.5.1-5.8
• /
• 2018

Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) is induced by various inflammatory agents, such as lipopolysaccharide and microbial pathogens, including virus and bacteria. In this study, we obtained a full-length cDNA of a STING homolog from olive flounder using rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR technique. The full-length cDNA of Paralichthys olivaceus STING (PoSTING) was 1442 bp in length and contained a 1209-bp open reading frame that translated into 402 amino acids. The theoretical molecular mass of the predicted protein sequence was 45.09 kDa. In the PoSTING protein, three transmembrane domains and the STING superfamily domain were identified as characteristic features. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that PoSTING expressed in all the tissues analyzed, but showed the highest level in the spleen. Temporal expression analysis examined the significantly upregulated expression of PoSTING mRNA after viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) stimulation. In contrast, no significant changes in the PoSTING expression were detected in Edwardsiella tarda-challenged group compared to the un-injected control. The expression of P. olivaceus type I interferon (PoIFN-I) was also highly upregulated upon VHSV challenge. These results suggest that STING might be involved in the essential immune defense against viral infection together with the activation of IFN-I in olive flounder.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.413-426
• /
• 2005

The objective of this study consists of facilitating seafood consumption by increasing its intake opportunities for consumer through analysis of sliced raw fish. A study on sliced raw fish consumption was conducted on 630 citizens of Busan(252 men and 378 women), attending high school and university, and employedas housekeepers and salaried employees. The goal of the study was to assess the attitude and degree of satisfaction obtained from eating sliced raw fish and ultimately to promote greater seafood consumption. A self-administered questionnaire was used to record the results. The results were as follows : About sixty percent of the respondents appeared to like or not to be reluctant to eating sliced raw fish. The main reasons for favoring sliced raw fish were its taste and nutritious effects. All ages liked sliced raw fish, but teenaged women, on average, tend to dislike sliced raw fish. The most preferred sliced raw fish was flounder. Most of the panelists preferred korean rock fish, and red sea bream due to their ordinary muscle. Sliced raw fish of the 2nd and 3rd variety were the most popular. For most of the sliced raw fish, the own-price elasticity came out to be relatively low. This can be explained by the fact that sliced raw fish is characteristically purchased based more on quality and freshness, than on price. SINGSINGWHE(SSW)-fresh sliced raw fish should be stored at 0$^{\circ}C$ for no longer than 10hrs. Taste, nutritional value and low price have the potential to promote the consumption of seafood. Factors which can reduce the consumption of sliced raw fish were safety due to Vibrio septicemia, rainy day, indistinct origin, and high rices. To promote sliced raw fish consumption, the subjects recommended the quality improvement and low price.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.423-428
• /
• 1997

Vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic gram-negative human pathogen, which affects people with underlying liver diseases or a suppressed immune system, often leading to primary septicemia with a mortality rate of higher than 60%. In an effort to develop an oral vaccine against V. vulnificus infection, we prepared a whole cell killed vaccine of V. vulnificus on a large scale and compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the vaccine administered in three formulation forms in rabbits. Since V. vulnificus O-antigen serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 account for more than 95% of clinical isolates, we prepared cell lysates from these six serotype strains and mixed in equal amounts for a vaccine. The vaccine was administered to rabbits intramuscularly (i.m.), orally as granules or as enteric-coated granules. In rabbits, all three formulation forms elicited a high level of serum IgG antibody reactive not only to the six strains but also to other O-antigen serotypes 6, 8 and 9, indicating cross-reactivities among the strains. Immunotherapeutic efficacy of the antisera was also evaluated by a passive immunization assay, which revealed that the orally immunized antisera as well as the i.m. immunized antisera was protective against a subsequent lethal challenge of V. vulnificus. These data demonstrate that oral immunization with a V. vulnificus whole cell lysate vaccine induced a systemic immune response and suggest the feasibility of development of this vaccine preparation as an oral vaccine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.234-243
• /
• 2007

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes septicemia in humans. To identify the genes associated with its pathogenicity, in vivo expression technology (IVET) was used to select genes specifically expressed in a host, yet not significantly in vitro. Random lacZ-fusions in the genome of V vulnificus strain MO6-24/O were constructed using an IVET vector, pSG3, which is a suicide vector containing promoterless-aph and -lacZ as reporter genes. A total of ${\sim}18,000$ resulting library clones were then intraperitoneally injected into BALB/c mice using a colony forming unit (CFU) of $1.6{\times}10^6$. Two hours after infection, kanamycin was administered at $200{mu}g$ per gram of mouse weight. After two selection cycles, 11 genes were eventually isolated, which were expressed only in the host. Among these genes, VV20781 and VV21007 exhibiting a homology to a hemagglutinin gene and tolC, respectively, were selected based on having the highest frequency. When compared to wild-type cells, mutants with lesions in these genes showed no difference in the rate of growth rate, yet a significant decrease in cytotoxicity and the capability to form a biofilm.