• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.28
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• pp.125-153
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• 2012

This study is regarding what motion modality has influences on aspects of genre and media. Nowadays, motion modality becomes an element which is actively manipulated in live actions as well as animations. And, it has been generally accepted that a strategy on manipulation of motion depends on matters of genre or medium. As respected, can we say the premise is correct? if it is, can we refine the premise more theoretically, without using the words, 'genre' or 'media' which have not been are not been defined on an academic aspect. I intend to discuss on this issue. I will speculate the issue of manipulation of motion modality on theoretical bases. According to McLuhan's hot/cool media theory and Bolter's oscillation theory, the effect of it turns out to be same as manipulation of sentience ratio of media readers, and the ideal result will be examined by an example analysis. In the analysis, I will explore what effects manipulation of motion has on several examples. Then, by examining what kind of correlation these effects has with media/genre positioning, I ultimately will evaluate the genre/medium-based determinism of motion modality, which is represented by a typical premise like "Animation is most realistic when it has the most animation-like movement." Conclusively I suggest a refined premise like the following. Modality of motion is a strategy depending on issues of genre, with no regard to issues of medium, and the issue of genre is a category which is positioned considering mixture ratio of sentience. With this reason, A strategy of modality of motion depends to sentience a certain sequence needs. So, motion modality becomes a strategy which has to be approached in functionality of genre rather than economic values which spring from technical devices like a motion capture.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.279-292
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find the concept of life, the categories of living things and the systems of categorizing them contained in Buddhism, a sort of metaphysical philosophy. For this, monks who devotes themselves to Buddhism were interviewed, and the differences of the definition of life, the categorizing of living creatures and categorizing systems between biology and other subject teachers and students who are Buddhist and ones who are not were inquired. The result shows that in Buddhism, they use 'being' and 'sentience being' as the terms for creatures and they believe creatures are not individual ones but one collective existence connected with each other, which is very different from the biological definition of creatures. Buddhist include metaphysical beings in categories of living things rather than plants. Buddhist criteria for categorizing things which have life, that is living beings, are how they are born, whether they have a certain form and, lastly, whether they are conscious or not. Through this research results we could expect to identify the misconceptions about concept of life and the categories of living things.