• 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2002

This study is to classify intonation types of sentence terminal in accordance with sentence form in Korean dialects. Intonation types of sentence terminal in declarative, interrogative (yes-no and wh-sentence), imperative, suggestive of Gyeongnam dialect are low fall, high fall, high fall, low fall, so are not distinctive by intonation, but distinctive by final ending morphemes. But those of Jungbu dialect are low fall, rise-fall and full rise, high level, low rise-fall. Those of Jeonnam dialect are low level, rise-fall and full rise, high level, high level. So those of Jungbu dialect are similar to Jeonnam dialect.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2007

This study explored the perception of transplanted English prosody by thirty American and Korean, male and female listeners. The English utterances of various sentence types produced by Korean and American male speakers were employed to transplant the American prosody contours to Korean English utterances. Then, the thirty subjects were instructed to rate the transplanted prosodic components. Results showed that the interactions between the three factors (e.g., rater groups & transplantation types; transplantation types & sentence types; rater groups & transplantation types & sentence types) turned out to be meaningful. Both Americans and Koreans perceived the effectiveness of the combined effect of transplanted duration and pitch or duration and pitch and intensity. However, when perceiving individual prosodic components, Americans and Koreans showed different perceptual ratings. As for the overall prosody change, Americans perceived the change of intensity in a significant way but Koreans did not because intensity is not a crucial semantic factor in Korean. Americans rated the transplantation of duration alone as ineffective while Koreans rated otherwise. This was explained by the difference between English and Korean. The difference of perspective was also significant with different sentence types, especially with the three sentence types that had speech rates slower than other sentence types. A slower speech rate intensified the mismatch between the transplanted duration and the original pitch causing a negative impression on American listeners whereas this did not affect Korean listeners. Pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of nasalance in speakers with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) according to the types of sentence used for nasalance test. Twenty-eight speakers with spastic CP participated in this study. The experiment was conducted by analyzing nasalance of prolonged vowel utterance using the Sea sentence, the Zoo sentence, and the Mother sentence. The three sentences differ in the ratio of nasal consonants. The results show significant differences among the types of sentence for nasalance test.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제65호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

This study explored the perception of transplanted Korean prosody by NE (Native speakers of English) and NK (Native speakers of Korean) listeners. The Korean utterances of various sentence types produced by NE and NK were employed to transplant the original Korean prosody contours to the Korean utterances read by NE. Then, other NE and NK were instructed to rate the transplanted prosodic components. Results showed that the interactions between the two rater groups with the three factors (e.g., transplantation types & rater groups, sentence types & rater groups, sentence length & rater groups) turned out to be meaningful. Both rater groups preferred the combined effect of transplanted prosodic components (e.g. DP, DPI) to that of individual transplantation (e.g. I, D, P). Compared to NK, NE were more sensitive to duration change than pitch change whereas NK showed equal preference to the both. In sentence types such as De, Ex, Im, and Ta, NE perceived higher similarity than NK.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the prosodic pattern of the children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder(HFASD) according to sentence type. The participants were 18 children aged from 7 - 9 years; 9 children with HFASD and 9 typical development children(TD) of the same chronological age with HFASD children. Sentence reading tasks were conducted in this study. Seven interrogative sentences and 7 declarative sentences were presented to the participants and were asked to read the sentences three times. Mean values of F0, F0 range, intensity, speech rate and pitch contour were measured for each sentence. The results showed that for F0 range, significant main effect and interaction effect were observed in the subject group and sentence type. There were significant differences in intensity, mean F0, speech rate, pitch contour across sentence types. The results of this study indicated that HFASD showed no difference in intonation across sentence types. Speakers' intention may have a negative effect on pragmatic aspects. These results suggest that the assessment and intervention of prosody be important for HFASD.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to present evidence for a particular processing approach based on the language-specific characteristics of Korean. To compare individuals' sentence-comprehension abilities, this study measured the accuracy and reaction times (RT) of 12 aphasic patients (AP) and 12 normal controls (NC) during a sentence-picture matching task. Four versions of a sentence were constructed with the two types of voice (active/passive) and two types of word order (agent-first/patient-first). To examine the effects of increased processing demand, picture stimuli were manipulated in such a way that they appeared immediately after the sentence was presented. As expected, the AP group showed higher error rates and longer RT for all conditions than the NC group. Furthermore, Korean speakers with aphasia performed above a chance level in sentence comprehension, even with passive sentences. Aphasics understood sentences more quickly and accurately when they were given in the active voice and with agent-first order. The patterns of the NC group were similar. These results confirm that Korean adults with aphasia do not completely lose their knowledge of sentence comprehension. When the processing demand was increased by delaying the picture stimulus onset, the effect of increased processing demands on RT was more pronounced in the AP than in the NC group. These findings fit well with the idea that the computational system for interpreting sentences is intact in aphasics, but its ability is compromised when processing demands increase.

• 아동학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2014

This study sought to explore the types of predictable pattern books are suitable for reading aloud, the differences between English and translated Korean picture books in terms of their characteristics of speakability and the meaning of sentences. This study investigated a total of 112 picture books. The predictable pattern types were analyzed specifically, compared with onomatopoeia, mimetic words, repetition, rhyme, the shift of sentence and style types. The results indicated that predictable pattern books could be classified into eight types and the number of sentences in translated books increased owing to the difference of sentence structure. In terms of speakability, words in repetition, onomatopoeia and mimetic words represented higher frequency except rhyme because of the difference of characteristics of the two languages. Furthermore, translations used strategies of the shift in sentence and style types for speakability. These findings demonstrate that predictable pattern books can serve as good materials to read aloud for young children not only in terms of English picture books but also translated books regardless of concerns regarding their speakability.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 한국어 문장 유형을 자동으로 분류하는 방법을 제안하고 한국어-수화 변환과 한국어 음성 합성 분야에서 문장 유형 정보가 자연스러운 수화 표현과 음성 표현을 생성하는데 이용되는 과정을 보인다. 한국어에서 문장 유형은 크게 평서문, 명령문, 청유문, 의문문, 감탄문의 다섯 가지로 분류되는데, 기존의 방법으로는 대화체 문장에서 동일한 문장이 여러 가지 유형으로 해석되는 중의성의 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 문장 내에서 형태소 및 구문단위의 다양한 단서들을 활용하여 이를 해결하는 방법을 제안하며, 실험 결과 본 논문에서 제시한 문장 유형 분류 시스템이 만족할 만한 성능을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 이용하여 한국어-수화 변환 시스템에서 문장 유형에 따라 수화의 비수지신호가 다르게 표현되는 현상을 처리하는 과정과 한국어 음성 합성 시스템에서 문장 유형에 따라 문장의 문미 억양이 변하는 현상을 처리하는 과정을 제시한다. 문장 유형 정보를 음성 합성과 수화 자동 생성에 이용하는 것은 기존에는 연구되지 않았던 방법으로, 좀 더 자연스러운 음성과 수화 표현을 생성하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제12B권3호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2005

본 연구는 보완 대체 통신을 위한 문장생성에 관한 것이다. 문장생성의 목적은 언어생활이 불편한 사람들을 위한 보완 대체 통신에 사용하기 위해서이다. 보완 대체 통신은 사용자가 원하는 문장을 만들어 음성으로 출력해주는 시스템이다. 문장을 생성하기 위해서 어휘 정보를 보완대체 통신의 개념에 맞도록 변형하여 도입하였고, 어휘정보는 동사에 연결될 수 있는 명사와 조사로 이루어져 있다. 어휘정보를 이용하여 시스템을 구현하였고, 구현된 시스템으로 문장생성의 효용을 측정하였다. 구축된 시스템은 올바른 문장의 생성과 저장, 검색, 어휘입력의 기능을 갖는다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1998

Background and Objectives : Electrolarynx has been used as one of the methods of rehabilitation for the laryngectomees. Previous electrolarynx could not alter frequency and intensity simultaneously. This institute developed an electrolarynx named "Evada" using FSR(force sensing resistor) sensor, which can control the frequency(and/or intensity) simultaneously. This study was performed for the normal control and laryngectomees with three types of electrolarynx (Evada, Servox-inton, Nu-vois) to reveal functional characteristics of Evada Materials and Methods : five laryngectomees and five normal adults were made to express there sentences(discriptive sentence, "You stay here" ; question sentence, "You stay here？" ; exclamation sentence, "You!! stay here!"), using three types of electrolarynx. Frequency change and intensity change from first and last vowel was calculated in three sentences and analyzed statistically by paired T-test. Results : The frequency change in the question sentence and exclamation sentence was more prominent in Evada than in Servox-inton and Nu-vois. The intensity change in the question sentence and exclamation sentence was also more prominent in Evada than in Servox-inton and Nu-vois. Conclusions : Evada could control frequency and intensity simultaneously and control degree of frequency(and/or intensity) according to the pressing force into the button. Evada could adjust continuously frequency and intensity during conversation. So, Evada is better in producing intonation and contrastive stress than Nu-vois and Servox-inton.