• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1996

The larynx has three major functions such as protective reflex, respiration and phonation, and is richly innervated by sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The sensory innervation of the laryngeal mucosa, which is involved in the perception of pain, mechanical and chemical irritation, prtects the airway via various laryngeal reflexes. We studied the distribution of Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) sensory fibers in the rat's larynx using the immuno-histochemical methods. Many SP and CGRP immunoreactive fibers were found in all regions of the laryngeal mucosa except the vocal cords. SP immunoreactive fibers showed a very similar distribution to the CGRP fibers in the epithelium and submucosa. But SP immunoreactive fibers were sparser than CGRP immunoreactive fibers in distribution density. Both reactive fibers were denser in the supraglottic region than subglottic region. Especially, intraepithelial fibers displayed the densest innervation to the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis. h the subepithelium, SP and CGRP immunoreactive fibers were distributed along the wall of vessels and around the glands. The present results suggest that the regional distribution of SP and CGRP immunoreactivity may be responsible for the protective reflex function of the laryngeal inlet.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2018

Reversible conduction block (RCB) was rare in patients with acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). A-46-year-old man presented with paresthesia, weakness, diplopia, and dysarthria. Nerve conduction study (NCS) exhibited axonal changes with conduction block in motor and sensory nerves. His symptoms were rapidly progressed and recovered. Conduction block was disappeared in the follow-up NCS performed after 2 weeks. The AMSAN case with RCB showed rapid progress and rapid recovery of clinical symptoms as acute motor axonal neuropathy patients with RCB.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2007

Schwannoma is a benign well-encapsulated tumors arising from the sheath of Schwann cell of the peripheral motors, sensory, and cranial nerves, but not from the optic and olfactory nerves. Since it is relatively common in the head and neck region, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of head and neck tumor. However, reports of laryngeal involvement have rarely appeared in the literature. We have experienced a 50-year old woman and 39-year old woman with history of progressive voice change. We recognized a benign mass at the false cord area with the telelaryngoscope and CT. The tumors were successfully removed by transoral CO2 laser resection without tracheotomy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.73-86
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• 1994

In addition to classic cholinergic and adrenergic pathways, the existence of a third division of autonomic control in the human airways has been proved. It is called a nonadrenergic noncholinergic(NANC) nervous system, and difficult to study in the absence of specific blockers. Neuropeptides are certainly suggested to be transmitters of this NANC nervous system. It is very frustrating to understand the pathophysiologic role of these peptides in the absence of any specific antagonists. However, further studies of neuropeptides might eventually lead to novel forms of treatment for bronchial asthma. Another study of the interaction between different components of the autonomic nervous system, either in ganglionic neurotransmission or by presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitters at the end-organ will elute neural control in airway disease, particularly in asthma. Studies of how autonomic control may be disordered in airway disease should lead to improvements in clinical management. Epithelial damage due to airway inflammation in asthma may induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Axon reflex mechanism is one of possible mechanisms in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Epithelial damage may expose sensory nerve terminals and C-fiber nrve endings are stimulated by inflammatory mediators. Bi-directional communication between the nerves and mast cells may have important roles in allergic process. The psychological factors and conditioning of allergic reactions is suggested that mast cell activation might be partly regulated by the central nervous system via the peripheral nerves. Studies in animal models, in huamn airways in vitro and in patients with airway disease will uncover the interaction between allergic disease processes and psychologic factors or neural mechainsms.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

Purpose: To see the effects of capsaicin on the peripheral nerve damage of intervibrissal fur in mature rats, Method: 24 female mature rats($200{\sim}250g$) are divided to 3 groups and compared with each other. Immunofluorescence dye using CGRP and PGP antibodies was performed and 8 weeks after administration of capsaicin with control group. Result: The immunopositive reaction against PGP and CGRP was reduced by the damage of epidermal and dermal endings in unmyelinated sheath and thin myelinated sheath and the group after 8weeks showed distinct positive reaction of PGP and CGRP than the group after 4 weeks which means the recover of nerves. Conclusion: As a result, capsaicin influenced on pain-related neurotransmitter like CGRP when administerd to mature rats and even though it caused the damages on unmyelinated sheath and thin myelinated sheath, the damaged nerves recovered after 8 weeks. Also the research about sensory nerve endings scattered over middle dermal and deep epidermal layers such as lanceolate, merkel reticular, Ruffini endings should be studied when the research of the inner conical body is performed. Further studies are necessary about the toxicity and effect of capsaicin on the peripheral nerve endings.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.48-64
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• 1995

Ultrastructure of nerves and their associated cells in the bronchiolar epithelium of the human fetal lung were studied with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical methods. The neuroendocrine cells were scattered along the basal part of non-ciliated respiratory epithelium and appeared as single cell (solitary neuroendocrine cell) or groups (neuroepithelial bodies). The solitary neuroendocrine cells were devoid of any detectable innervation, while the neuroepithelial bodies were associated with nerve ending containing morphologically afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) intraepithelial terminals. The afferent nerve endings contained abundant mitochondria with long cristae. The efferent nerve endings were characterized by the presence of synaptic vesicles. Both types of nerve endings formed synaptic junction between nerve endings and neuroepithelial bodies cells. Serial sections of the intraepithelial nerves revealed that both morphologically afferent and efferent types of nerve endings may be formed by the same nerve fiber. By immunohistochemistry, bombesin and serotonin were localized in solitary neuroendocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies of human fetal lung from various prenatal age groups. These results suggest that the neuroepithelial bodies cells of the human fetal lung have neuroreceptor function.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2013

We have investigated the changes of electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) under pulsed magnetic field (PMF) and acupuncture stimulus on acupoint PC9. In order to compare quantitatively the effect of PMF and acupuncture stimulus, the difference of alpha activities are calculated from EEG spectra, and the spectrum curves of ECG were analyzed in the frequency domain of heart rate variability (HRV). The increase of alpha activities after both stimuli could be explained that the impulse of stimulus on PC9 might pass through sensory nerve following meridian and approach the cerebral cortex, causing the central nervous system (CNS) to be activated for pacifying emotion and calming the mind. The decrease in sympathovagal activity of HRV after both stimuli indicates that parasympathetic nerves were activated and the sympathetic nerves were in constrained condition. These findings suggest that PMF could be patient-friendly alternative non-invasive medical treatment for influencing human physiology, in comparison with acupuncture inserting the needle and inducing nervous and anxious state to subject.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Cervus elaphus herbal-acupuncture on patient with polyneuritis, who shows sensory disorder on both hands, severe pain on left foot and ambulation difficulty due to weakness on left leg. Methods : We treated the patient by Cervus elaphus Herbal-acupuncture. Other treatments were acupunture, herbal medication, several rehabilitative therapies without western medication. We used evaluation scale including VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), MRC(Medicak Research Council) and Thermological Difference of between hand and foot. Results and Conclusions : In the results, the symptoms were improved gradually, and VAS and MRC were also numerically improved. Thermological Difference of between feet was decreased from$4.40^{\circ}C\;to\;0.26^{\circ}C$. In this case, a patient was treated by oriental medical treatments without western medication, and relatively the relatively the result was more effective.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2021

신경 염전은 말초 신경에서 발생하는 신경 꼬임 현상으로 인해 감각이상 및 근력 저하를 보이는 드문 질환이며 현재까지 발생 원인부터 진단 및 치료까지 정립된 바가 없다. 본 저자들은 전골간 신경 및 요골 신경의 신경 염전을 신경 외막 절제 및 신경 유리술 술식으로 치료하여 좋은 결과를 얻은 세 개의 증례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.267-269
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• 2012

Traumatic brachial plexus injuries can be devastating, causing partial to total denervation of the muscles of the upper extremities. Surgical reconstruction can restore motor and/or sensory function following nerve injuries. Direct nerve-to-nerve transfers can provide a closer nerve source to the target muscle, thereby enhancing the quality and rate of recovery. Restoration of elbow flexion is the primary goal for patients with brachial plexus injuries. A 4-year-old right-hand-dominant male sustained a fracture of the left scapula in a car accident. He was treated conservatively. After the accident, he presented with motor weakness of the left upper extremity. Shoulder abduction was grade 3 and elbow flexor was grade 0. Hand function was intact. Nerve conduction studies and an electromyogram were performed, which revealed left lateral and posterior cord brachial plexopathy with axonotmesis. He was admitted to Rehabilitation Medicine and treated. However, marked neurological dysfunction in the left upper extremity was still observed. Six months after trauma, under general anesthesia with the patient in the supine position, the brachial plexus was explored through infraclavicular and supraclavicular incisions. Each terminal branch was confirmed by electrophysiology. Avulsion of the C5 roots and absence of usable stump proximally were confirmed intraoperatively. Under a microscope, neurotization from the musculocutaneous nerve to two medial pectoral nerves was performed with nylon 8-0. Physical treatment and electrostimulation started 2 weeks postoperatively. At a 3-month postoperative visit, evidence of reinnervation of the elbow flexors was observed. At his last follow-up, 2 years following trauma, the patient had recovered Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 4+ elbow flexors. We propose that neurotization from medial pectoral nerves to musculocutaneous nerve can be used successfully to restore elbow flexion in patients with brachial plexus injuries.