• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 2000년도 제52차 추계학술대회 연제집
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• pp.79-80
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• 2000

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate correlation between soybean and their products consumption and risk factors for atherosclerosis in the healthyKorean adults. Health behaviors such as smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption and dietary patterns and nutrient intakes of 193 healthy adult subjects aged from 26 to 69 were assessed by using interview and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The BMI, blood pressure and biochemical parameters of blood were examined as well as preferences for taste and family history of disease. Data were expressed as quartile according to soybean and their products consumption. The average daily soybean and their product consumption for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th percentile group were 36, 78, 112, and 182g, respectively. The more consumption of soybean and their products, the more intake of energy, protein, lipid, fiber, Ca, cholesterol as well as frequency of exercise, smoking and drinking. Serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and AI as risk factors of atherosclerosis were positively correlated with smoking and drinking (p<0.05). Especially, serum TG was positively correlated with hypertension and BMI (p<0.01). But, no correlation between exercise, salty taste, meat preference, soybean products consumption and atherosclerosis risk factors was found, which means that life styles such as smoking and drinking rather than dietary habits might influence atherosclerosis in healthy adults. In conclusion, present soy products consumption should be increased by way of developing new generation soy products in order to exert anti-atherosclerotic effect by soybean in human.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.976-986
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• 1997

Coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction(MI) have been considered the major cause of death for decaddes . THeir incidence and prevalence are still increasing . Numerous studies have been done on the risk factor analysis of CAD in Western countries. Since the diet in Western countries is different from that in Korea it is difficult to assume that the Korean diet has the same effects as its western counterpeart on the development of CAD . THus the gudidelines for the Western CAD patients can no totally be applied to Koreans. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and CAD in Koreans. Subjects were comprised of patients admitted to the hospital for chest pain with poxxilbe CAD (men 129, women 65) . They were divided into the following three groups according to angiographic results ; angiogrphically normal coronary artery group (control), single vessel disease group(SVD) and multiple vessel disease group (MVD) . Intakes of dietary fatty acids and other nutrients were assessed by the semiquantitative food frequency method. Blood was also obtained from subjects for serum lipid analysis. Serum lipid profiles of men were clearly different form those of women. For men, serum choesterol levels (or LDL or LDL/HDL) seemed to be higher in the MVD group compared to the control and SVD groups, while TG level was significantly higher in the MVD group for women. Both men and women showed significantly higher caloric , fiber and vitamins C and A intakes in the MVD group than in the other two groups. Higher caloric intakes was due to higher intakes of carbohydrate and protein rather than fat intake. In terms of fatty acids intake, there were no significant differences among the three groups . Smoking seemed to have great effect on eating patterns in CAD patients. Smokers and ex-smokers showed significantly higher intakes of most nutrients including individual fatty acids that non-smokers. The results of stepwise regression showed that moderate alcohol intake decreases LDL levels and increases HDL levels and smoking seems to lowe HDL levels in CAD patients.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

Several self-administered dietary assessment questionnaires have recently been developed, validated, and used in nutritional epidemiological and clinical studies in Japan. This article describes recent evidence on development and validation of them. After extensive search of published articles both in English and Japanese languages, we identified 25 articles on 13 questionnaires of which validation studies have existed. Number of foods/menus assessed varied from 31 to 169 according to questionnaires. Eleven questionnaires were food frequency type, either with fixed portion size or semiquantitative, and two diet history types. All the 13 questionnaires were validated against intakes assessed with dietary record or 24-hour recall, and only two with biomarkers. Number of subjects used in the studies was between 23 and 350. All the studies used adult subjects. In the studies with dietary record or recall, the correlation coefficient for or orgy intake was between 0.22 and 0.65 (median = 0.44). Median correlation coefficient for nutrients was between 0.21 and 0.61. In the studies with biomarkers, serum marine-origin n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenes, and urinary potassium seemed useful biomarkers. In conclusion, recent progress of this field in Japan is remarkable. But more research is needed for validation studies with biomarkers, and the development and validation of questionnaires for children and elderly subjects. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 83∼92,2003)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1050-1061
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• 2009

본 연구는 대구 경북지역의 뇌졸중 환자들의 에너지 및 영양소 섭취실태를 측정하고, 에너지 및 영양소 섭취수준에 따른 뇌졸중 발생의 상대위험도를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 조사대상자는 경북대학교 병원에서 뇌졸중으로 처음 진단받은 후 입원한 환자 중 의사소통이 가능한 100명을 환자군으로 하였고 동일한 지역에서 뇌졸중 병력이 없고 환자군과 연령이 비슷한 지역사회 주민 150명을 대조군으로 하였다. 조사는 반정량적 식품섭취빈도 조사지를 이용하여 조사자와 직접 면접을 통하여 2004년 7월부터 2005년 2월 사이에 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 뇌졸중 환자군과 대조군의 1일 평균 에너지와 영양소 섭취량을 성별로 비교하면 남자의 경우 환자군이 대조군에 비해 에너지와 모든 열량 영양소, 비타민 $B_1$, $B_6$, 나이아신, 엽산, 비타민 E, 인, 칼륨, 아연, 식이섬유의 섭취량과 단백질 및 지방 에너지 섭취비율이 유의하게 높았다. 여자의 경우 환자군은 대조군에 비해 지방, 비타민 C, 엽산, 비타민 E, 철분 및 식이섬유의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았고 탄수화물 에너지 비율이 유의하게 높았다. 에너지 및 영양소별 섭취수준과 관련된뇌졸중 발생 상대위험도를 성별로 보면, 남자는 에너지, 단백질, 탄수화물, 비타민 $B_1$과 E, 나이아신, 아연, 총지방산, 단일불포화 지방산, 다가 불포화지방산 그리고 n-6 지방산의 높은 섭취수준이 뇌졸중 발생의 상대 위험도를 유의하게 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 지방, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2$와 $B_6$, 나이아신, 비타민 C와 E, 철, 나트륨과 칼륨 및 셀레늄, 모든 지방산들, 그리고 콜레스테롤, 타우린, 식이섬유의 높은 섭취수준이 뇌졸중의 발생 위험도를 유의하게 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 영양소 중 나이아신, 비타민 E, 지방산들은 성별에 따라 위험도에 미치는 영향이 상반되게 나타났다. 본 연구는 조사대상자의 규모가 작고 특정지역에 국한 하여 조사가 이루어졌다는 제한점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 성별에 따라 상반되는 결과를 보인 영양소들에 대해서는 향후 조사지역을 광역화하고, 보다 대규모의 대상자 집단에 대해 심도 있는 조사를 통해 재확인할 필요가 있다고 본다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.388-398
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the consciousness of health status and nutrient intake of farmers in Korea. Eight hundred were surveyed by rural leaders of Rural Development Administration(RDA), composed of 35.1 % male and 64.9% female. Data collection included personal & family situation by Interview method for influencial factors of health status. Food intake was determined by semiquantitative food frequency method with 65 kinds of foods. 32.5% of the subjects were elementary school graduates, younger age groups and males had higher levels of education. Mean family numbers was 4.2 persons. In the concept of disease prevalence, gender difference existed. Liver and heart ailments were frequent in males and waist pain and urinary complaints in females, and schoulder pain and nervesness were frequently prevalent to all farmers. The energy intake of farmers was 2000Kca1/day, 19:16:65 of PFC(protein, fat, and carbohydrate) ratio was approached at recommended composition of energy. But calcium and iron were lower than Korean Recommended Dietary Allowences(KRDA), Vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, and vitamin C were over of KRDA, but riboflavin, pyridoxin, and vitamin I were lower than KRDA. The nutrient intakes of poor health groups were significantly lower than those of healthy. In fatty acid composition, monounsaturated fatty acids(FA) intake was higher than that of saturated FA. The CMI (Cornell Medical Index) and Farmers' syndrome were significantly correlated with personal factors, such as height, number in family, education level, and working level. But the correlation of health status with nutrient intakes were only weakly significant. Depending on the regression analysis, Farmers' syndrome explanation about nutrient intake was low(R2 was only 0.01 more or less), but some nutrients (energy, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin E, and lipids) could explain this significantly. It was concluded that body complaints of farmers could ameliorate with good nutrition.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2011

Elevated serum concentration of inflammation markers is known as an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MS) and dietary intake is an important factor to control MS. The purpose of this study was to investigated the hypothesis that inflammatory indices are associated with dietary intake and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) in subjects with MS. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 men and 73 postmenopausal women with MS, defined by three or more risk factors of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin were examined and nutrients intake and DQI-I were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The total DQI-I score was significantly higher in female subjects ($65.87{\pm}9.86$) than in male subjects ($62.60{\pm}8.95$). There was a positive association between hs-CRP and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (p < 0.05) and a negative association between adiponectin and lipid (p < 0.05), total sugar (p < 0.01), and total fatty acids (p < 0.05). When the subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin and hs-CRP level, there was no association between DQI-I score and hs-CRP levels. Moderation score of DQI-I was significantly higher in highest quintile group than the lower quintile groups. Therefore, our results provide some evidence that dietary intake and diet quality are associated with inflammation markers and dietary modification might be a predictor to decrease risk for metabolic syndrome complications. However further research is needed to develop the dietary quality index reflecting the inflammatory change by considering the dietary habit and pattern of Koreans.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary quality and the risk of coronary heart disease (CBD) among Korean men by a case-control study. Methods: The cases were 108 male patients with a first acute myocardial infarction or a new diagnosis of angina pectoris who were admitted to a university teaching hospital in Seoul. Controls were 142 age-matched patients admitted to the departments of ophthalmology and orthopedic surgery at the same hospital. Dietary information was assessed by a nutritionist using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and dietary quality index (DQI) scores were calculated. Results: The intakes of total fat and cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) in cases were significantly higher than those in controls. The mean DQI scores were 8.6 for the cases and 9.4 for the controls. A higher DQI, which was indicative of a better quality diet, was inversely associated with the risk of CHD when comparing the highest to lowest quatiles, but borderline significant (odd ratios 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.25-1.39, P for trend ＝ 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that better dietary quality may reduce the risk of CHD among Korean men.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2001

High serum cholesterol level is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease(CHD). Nutrition therapy of hypocholesterolemic diets with increased physical activity is the essential step in the treatment of the hypercholesterolemic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of intensive dietary therapy combined with regular exercise in lowering serum cholesterol level. Seventy three hypercholesterolemic outpatients(mean: 268.0$\pm$24.7mg/dL), aged 34 to 73(mean: 56$\pm$9.8yrs), who visited cardiology OPD of Yonsei Cardiovascular Center from April through October, 1998 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, usual nutrient intake survey using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and daily nutrient intake analysis were performed. The nutrition counseling for the hypocholesterolemic diet and exercise therapy was performed individually. After a 4 week intensive dietary therapy, comparisons of body weight, nutrient intakes, and blood lipid concentrations were evaluated for the hypocholesterolemic effect of intensive diet therapy. After 4 weeks of intensive diet therapy, significant reductions in percent ideal body weight(p<0.01), saturated fat intake(p<0.01), and cholesterol intake(p<0.01) were observed. There were significant reductions in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels after 4 weeks of therapy by 8.1%(p<0.01) and 9.7%(p<0.01), respectively. Our results showed that intensive dietary therapy was effective in reductions of serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels. The goal for this dietary modification should not be temporary but rather be permanent in eating behavior accompanied by appropriately increased physical activity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.826-837
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• 2007

Gallstone composition has changed over the past decades in the Korean with a prominent increase in the prevalence of cholesterol gallstone. This trend is possibly due to the westernization of dietary habits. The purpose of this study was descriptive of GB patient's health related eating behaviors and nutrient consumption patterns. One hundred and six gallstone patients who have had cholecystitis surgery enrolled in this study. Anthropomertic indices, such as height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured and calculated BMI and WHR. As the biomarker, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBG level and SBP/DBP were measured and analyzed the relationship with GB stone formation. The structured checklist of health related eating behavior and the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire after pre-test was used in the face to face interview study. The mean age was $54.9{\pm}13.3$ and gallstone disease was more frequent in the fifties and sixties. Mean BMI was $24.3{\pm}2.8$ in males, and $23.4{\pm}3.9$ in females, the average of waist circumference was $91.1{\pm}7.0cm$ in males and females were $85.4{\pm}9.6cm$. The WHR of men and women was $0.93{\pm}0.0,\;0.90{\pm}0.1$, respectively. The obesity and overweight trend was observed in gallstone patients. The mean blood sugar was researched at $114.5{\pm}35.0mg/dL$. And the ratio of both symptoms DM and gallstone was 26.4%. The rate of dramatic eating repast was significantly higher in the females (p<0.01). Males tended to more frequently consume meat, of high fat content meats and greasy food consumption when eating out. The CPF ratio was 57:16.5:26.5. There was a significant positive correlation between WC and energy (r=0.252, p<0.05), carbohydrate (r=0.255, p<0.05) and niacin (r=0.227, p<0.05). In addition, carbohydrate were significantly correlatied with TC (r=0.230, p<0.05). BMI appeared positive in correlation of protein (r=0.201, p<0.05) and fat (r=0.205, p<0.05). These findings provide a little association that dietary habits are related with cholesterol gallstone formation.