• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2013

The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) release assay (IGRA) have been widely used for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). In order to overcome limitations of current LTBI diagnostic methods, the development of a novel molecular assay which is able to measure the IFN-${\gamma}$ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) specific antigen was recently developed. The ability of a molecular assay to detect MTB infection was similar to commercial IGRA however, the optimal incubation time for stimulating IFN-${\gamma}$ was not yet established. Therefore, in this study the direct comparisons of MTB Ag stimulation times (4 and 24 hrs) were performed for diagnosis of MTB infection. Data showed that the coincident rate between QFT-GIT IFN-${\gamma}$ ELISA and IFN-${\gamma}$ RT-PCR (4 hrs) was 88.35% and that of QFT-GIT and IFN-${\gamma}$ RT-PCR (24 hrs) was 70.85%. Based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the 4 hrs-MTB specific Ag stimulation time for IFN-${\gamma}$ RT-PCR had the significant P value, 95% CI value, and AUC (P < 0.0001, 95% CI=0.82 to 1.02, and AUC=0.9214) in comparison with 24 hrs-MTB specific Ag stimulation time (P = 0.009, 95% CI=0.06 to 0.94, and AUC=0.7711). These results show that 4-hr was the most optimal MTB Ag stimulation time for performing IFN-${\gamma}$ RT-PCR. Although semi-quantitative RT-PCR had a few analytical limitations, it might be useful as an alternative molecular diagnostic method for detecting MTB infection.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.491-503
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• 2014

In this paper, a $TM_{31}$ higher order mode half circular-ring microstrip antenna with monopole-like radiation characteristic for on-body communication is proposed. By using shorting vias, $TM_{31}$ resonance mode was excited, while achieving compact low-profile antenna with monopole-like radiation characteristics. To overcome the narrow bandwidth of a patch antenna, a C-shape half ring patch with shorting vias having $TM_{31}$ mode is closely located around a half circular patch. For size reduction, half mode is adopted. The proposed antenna has the overall dimensions of $0.25{\lambda}_0{\times}0.46{\lambda}_0{\times}0.025{\lambda}_0$ at the industrial, scientific, and medical(ISM) 2.45 GHz band(2.4~2.485 GHz) and the 10-dB return loss is 4.24 % ranging from 2.38 to 2.49 GHz. To verify body effect, two-thirds muscle equivalent semi solid phantom was fabricated and used to measure the antenna performance. A communication link is analysed to investigate the effect of human-body movements and antenna locations.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

The carcass and meat quality of new native chicken strains (A, C, and D) being developed in the Golden Seed Project for Samgyetang were compared with a commercial native chicken (Hanhyup No. 3, H) and Baeksemi (white semi broiler, W) strains. In total, 250 male chicks were raised under the same feeding and raising conditions for 5 weeks. After slaughter, the carcass weight and percentage yield of parts from each strain were measured and the physicochemical quality traits (general composition, color values, fatty acid composition, and sensory evaluation) of breast muscles were comparatively analyzed. The carcass weight (875.10 g) of the W strain was significantly heavier than that of the other native chicken strains, while that of A strain (537.54 g) was the lowest. The percentage yield of breast meat was also higher in the W strain than in the other strains. The fat content of W strain was higher than that of the other native chicken strains. The new native chicken strains (A, C, D) had higher contents of linoleic acid (C18:2) than the H strain. The A and D strains especially showed relatively high content of arachidonic acid (C20:4), a characteristic fatty acid in native chicken meats. On the other hand, the fatty acid composition of C strain was similar to that of the W strain. This study provides important information on specific quality characteristics than can be used to select new native chicken lines for breeding program.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2007

The dynamic release behavior of Cs from high burn-up spent PWR fuel was experimentally performed under the conditions of a thermal treatment process such as voloxidation and sintering conditions. In voloxidation process, influence of the oxidation and reduction atmosphere on the Cs release characteristic using fragment type of spent fuel heated up to $1,500^{\circ}C$ was compared. In sintering process, temperature history effect on Cs release behavior was evaluated using green pellet under 4% $H_2/Ar$ environment. Temperature range for complete Cs release from spent fuel fragment under voloxidation condition was about $800^{\circ}C{\sim}1,200^{\circ}C$, but that of green pellet under the reduction atmosphere was $1,100^{\circ}C{\sim}1,400^{\circ}C$. Key parameters on Cs release behavior from spent fuel was powder formation as well as the diffusion rate of Cs compound to grain boundary and fuel surface.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2013

International comparative studies of students' performance in mathematics have shown that Korean students possess very negative attitudes toward mathematics, while they are ranked as one of the highest in the cognitive achievement of mathematics. This has prompted mathematics educators to seek for a way to improve the quality of mathematics education. In this context, this research has been conducted to investigate the learning style of Korean middle school students under the assumption that it is of essence to understand the characteristics of our students as mathematics learners. For the purpose, in-depth interview had been conducted and sixteen middle students participated in the interview. The students were chosen to represent the average group of their age-cohorts based on their performance in mathematics and their SES. The interview was designed as a semi-structured clinical interview. In the interview, the students were given mathematical tasks dealing with central themes in the domain of function. Each student was given about 30 to 50 minutes to solve the tasks. After an interviewee finished the tasks, s/he was asked to explained how s/he solved the tasks. The researchers asked additional questions to clarify the students' understanding of the mathematical themes in the tasks and to identify their strategies for learning mathematics. The analysis of the in-depth interview has primarily identified the characteristics of the students' understanding of the main themes in function and then has been extended to investigate their characteristic styles for learning mathematics. The analysis of the interview identified the learning styles of the students as 'inductive learning based on prototypical cases', 'repeated practice of exemplar mathematics problems', 'disengaged learning', and 'double standards in learning mathematics'. Based on the results of the analysis, this research presents the implications for the improvement of mathematics education.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 1977

These experiments were conducted to investigate the formation of organic acid and ethanol during fermentation by three yeast strains. One of these was industrial strain (No.7) from Japan, and the others were wild types (No. 47, No. 239) isolated from Takju-mash and Strawbery, respectively. Conditions of fermentation were varied by differing the supply of oxygen (air), and by using different fermentation media The results obtained were as follows: 1) All the yeast strains produced higher amount of total organic acid and ethanol under the conditions which were aerobic, i.e. the flasks were opened during fermentation, than in case of using the flasks with fermentation bung. 2) Organic acid and ethanol were produced rapidly in the mash medium than in the semi-synthetic medium, i.e. total amount of organic acid and ethanol was maximized in a short time in the mash medium. 3) On the mash medium, the highest amount of organic acid was obtained by the strain No. 239, the next by No. 7 and the lowest by No. 47. Ethanol was produced on this medium with decreacing order of No. 47, No. 239, and No. 7. 4) The strain No. 239 was proved to be a powerful organic acid producer, yielding higher amount of organic acid especially under the aerobic conditions. 5) Above results suggests that the strain No. 239 could be of useful in alcoholic drink industry, due to its powerful ethanol-producing characteristic accompaning with high yielding of organic acids.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Objectives Firefighters and rescue workers are likely to be exposed to a variety of traumatic events; as such, they are vulnerable to the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PTSD Checklist (PCL), a widely used self-report screening tool for PTSD, were assessed in South Korean firefighters and rescue workers. Methods Data were collected via self-report questionnaires and semi-structured clinical interviews administered to 221 firefighters. Internal consistency, item-total correlation, one-week test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity were examined. Content validity of the PCL was evaluated using factor analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to estimate the optimal cutoff point and area under the curve. Results The PCL demonstrated excellent internal consistency (${\alpha}=0.97$), item-total correlation (r = 0.72-0.88), test-retest reliability (r = 0.95), and convergent and divergent validity. The total score of PCL was positively correlated with the number of traumatic events experienced (p < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed two theoretically congruent factors: re-experience/avoidance and numbing/hyperarousal. The optimal cutoff was 45 and the area under the ROC curve was 0.97. Conclusions The Korean version of the PCL may be a useful PTSD screening instrument for firefighters and rescue workers, further maximizing opportunities for accurate PTSD diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.6
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• pp.121-143
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• 1982

Many studies have done on Egyptian Clothing because its unique characteristic culture. However, I was facinated by the exhibitions of Tutankhamen burial treasures which were shown in San Francisco and New York in 1978 and 1979. I found out myself that there are several interesting aspects of clothing to compare 18th dynasty king, Tutankhamun and other dynasties in Egyptian culture. Therefore, I tryed to analized the Egyptian clothing including accessaries with theigr symbols durin 18th dynasty King, Tutankhamun. The most of people were shocked and amazed when they toured the exhibition of Tutankhamun articles which were the most incredible burial treasures in existence today. The body of the King has been embalmed, bandaged and fitted in eight layers of coffins with pure gold mask to represent the god Osiris. Among eight layers of coffins, one is pure solid gold in mummiform, two of mummiforms are made of compact wood covered with sheets of gold and inlaid with multi-colored glass-paste and semi-precious stones. The Egyptian belived that the soul continued to exist throughout eternity if it had passed on examination of its deeds on earth at a "Last Judgement" presided over by Osiris. They also believed that the mummified body could exist in the tomb as a habitation that the soul could revisited. Thus a proper burial was vital for a full existence in the hereafter. They buried dead person in the sealed vault of the tomb with some of the possessions he had used during his life time, such as his furniture, clothing and jewels. In this studies, I've tried to research to various clothings, and accessories with their symbols used during 18th dynasty king, Tutankhamun. The studies are shown as: I) Clothings of Tutankhamun dynasity of Kalasiris, Sheath skirt. Gala skirt, Loin skirt, Hike and Dalmatic. The Dalmatic was first seen in this dynasty. Probably the Roman Christian borrowed the Dalmatica from Egyptian Dalmatic. No where has the same design at the period. II) Egyptian of 18th dynasty Tutankhamun wore big headdress, broad collar necklace passium, pendants, armlets, rings and earrings with very beautiful, exquisite handcraft. They seem the first people who wore earrings in Egyptian history. III) The symbols of decorated items vulture, lotus...Upper Egypt Uraeus, papyrus...Lower Egypt scaravaeus, Nile Riber...rebirth man(Ankh), +...eternal life solar disc, gold...sun ostrich-feather...nobleness God, Horus' eye...protection against enemy IV) Also Egyptian prefered the straight line and a right angle which were the basic principles of architectural arrangement.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2011

Changes in climate have largely increased concentrated heavy rainfall, which in turn is causing enormous damages to humans and properties. Therefore, the exact relationship and the spatial variability analysis of hydrometeorological elements and characteristic factors is critical elements to reduce the uncertainty in rainfall -runoff model. In this study, radar rainfall grid resolution and grid resolution depending on the topographic factor in rainfall - runoff models were how to respond. In this study, semi-distribution of rainfall-runoff model using the model ModClark of Inje, Gangwon Naerin watershed was used as Gwangdeok RADAR data. The completed ModClark model was calibrated for use DEM of cell size of 30m, 150m, 250m, 350m was chosen for the application, and runoff simulated by the RADAR rainfall data of 500m, 1km, 2km, 5km, 10km from 14 to 17 on July, 2006. According to the resolution of each grid, in order to compare simulation results, the runoff hydrograph has been made and the runoff has also been simulated. As a result, it was highly runoff simulation if the cell size is DEM 30m~150m, RADAR rainfall 500m~2km for peak flow and runoff volume. In the statistical analysis results, if every DEM cell size are 500m and if RADAR rainfall cell size is 30m, relevance of model was higher. Result of sensitivity assessment, high index DEM give effect to result of distributed model. Recently, rainfall -runoff analysis is used lumped model to distributed model. So, this study is expected to make use of the efficiently decision criteria for configurated models.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.767-776
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• 2014

Changes in climate have largely increased concentrated heavy rainfall, which in turn is causing enormous damages to humans and properties. Floods are one of the most deadly and damaging natural disasters known to mankind. The flood forecasting and warning system concentrates on reducing injuries, deaths, and property damage caused by floods. Therefore, the exact relationship and the spatial variability analysis of hydrometeorological elements and characteristic factors is critical elements to reduce the uncertainty in rainfall-runoff model. In this study, grid resolution depending on the topographic factor in rainfall-runoff models presents how to respond. semi-distribution of rainfall-runoff model using the model GRM simulated and calibrated rainfall-runoff in the Gamcheon and Naeseongcheon watershed. To run the GRM model, input grid data used rainfall (two event), DEM, landuse and soil. This study selected cell size of 500 m(basic), 1 km, 2 km, 5 km, 10 km and 12 km. According to the resolution of each grid, in order to compare simulation results, the runoff hydrograph has been made and the runoff has also been simulated. As a result, runoff volume and peak discharge which simulated cell size of DEM 500 m~12 km were continuously reduced. that results showed decrease tendency. However, input grid data except for DEM have not contributed increase or decrease runoff tendency. These results showed that the more increased cell size of DEM make the more decreased slope value because of the increased horizontal distance.