• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-107
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• 2002

This paper presents two new self-scaling variable-metric algorithms. The first is based on a known two-parameter family of rank-two updating formulae, the second employs an initial scaling of the estimated inverse Hessian which modifies the first self-scaling algorithm. The algorithms are compared with similar published algorithms, notably those due to Oren, Shanno and Phua, Biggs and with BFGS (the best known quasi-Newton method). The best of these new and published algorithms are also modified to employ inexact line searches with marginal effect. The new algorithms are superior, especially as the problem dimension increases.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of oral health beliefs on scaling performance by national health insurance coverage in consumers. Methods: The subjects were 353 people living in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do from September 25 to October 20, 2013. They filled out the self-reported questionnaire after receiving informed consents. The questionnaire included 6 questions of general characteristics, 6 questions of oral health behavior, 6 questions of health insurance coverage, and 1 question of subjective oral health recognition. The oral health belief consisted of 6 questions of seriousness, 6 questions of susceptibility, 8 questions of barriers, 5 questions of benefit, and 3 questions of self-efficacy measure by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach's alpha in the study was 0.759. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, post-hoc Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and binary logistic regression. Results: The influencing factors of oral health belief model were Seriousness(${\beta}=0.091$), Self efficacy(${\beta}=-0.471$) and age(${\beta}=0.855$)(p<0.05). Those who had highly perceived seriousness and younger age tended to have probability of scaling performance. Higher self-efficacy tended to take more chance to have scaling performance probability. Conclusions: In order to cover the scaling by national health insurance, it is very important to notice the benefit of health insurance coverage of scaling to the consumers. National health insurance coverage enables the scaling practice to be easily accessible to the people. Easy access to scaling by low cost strategy can improve the oral health behavior.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.479-492
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• 2009

This study was conducted to find out the relationship between dental anxiety and self-efficacy, physical and psychological condition and expected self-efficacy. The objective of this study was also to provide foundation for appropriate dental hygiene intervention model for scaling. In this study, anxiety reactions were measured among 178 patients, who made appointment with dental hygienists for scaling between May and July, 2009. The analysis was done in SPSS 12.0 statistical program which confirmed Cranach's alpha value. Technical statistics, t-test and One-way ANOVA, correlation and regression were also used. The result of the study is following: While dental hygienist conducts scaling, the dental anxiety was each measured in following categories: Thus male, age between 40 and 50, single, high school graduated and unemployed were measured highest dental anxiety among various groups. Dental Fear Scale demonstrated the validity of relationship between dental anxiety and self efficacy. The correlation was equated as r=-.409(p<0.01). In the other words, the higher self efficacy, the lower dental anxiety. The relationship between dental anxiety and physical and physiological condition was relevant. Physical condition was r=-.229(p<0.01) And then, the psychological condition was r=-.299(p<0.01). Thus, better physical and physiological condition results in less dental anxiety. The relationship between expected Self-efficacy and dental anxiety is also valid. The dental anxiety after performance accomplishment is r=-.239(p<0.01), after vicarious experience is r=-.195(p<0.01), after verbal persuasion is r=-.152(p<0.05), after recognition of physiological state is r=-.410(p<0.01). In conclusion, sex, age, marital status, education level, employment, physical condition, physiological condition are all relevant to dental anxiety(F=8.834). Both independent and dependent variables p<.05 have 37.5% persuasiveness.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.773-782
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of the study was to investigate self-reported oral health attitudes and behaviors among patients receiving scaling services and provide guidelines for developing preventive programs for dental disease. Methods : The survey was administered to a sample of 462 receiving voluntary scaling service in the practice lab in the department of dental hygiene at J health college. Results : 1. Of all participants, 261(56.5%) reported that they received scaling services in the past. 134 of the women (62.6%) and 127 of the men (51.2%) received scaling services 2. Analysis of the regular scaling attendance rates showed that only 16.2% of all participants received routine scaling. 13.7% of the male participants and 19.2% of the female participants received scaling on a regular basis. 3. Participants commonly reported "self-motivation" and "suggestion by others" (37.9% and 34.1%, respectively) as the main reasons for obtaining scaling services. 4. The main reasons for not obtaining scaling services were "I did not know about scaling" (39.3%), "I don't feel it is necessary" (27.4%) and "because I am scared" (20.9%). More men (42.1%) than women (35%) reported that they did not know about scaling. 5. Of the total participants, 41.6% reported that they were concerned about oral health at a moderate level, and 30.3% reported that they were concerned about oral health at a high level. 6. Of the participants who responded "very concerned about oral health" and "extremely concerned about oral health", the majority obtained scaling service (70.2% and 84.2%, respectively). Conclusions : The study suggested that researchers and national health authorities should develop routine scaling, preventive dental care, and oral health programs for oral health promotion and disease prevention.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.279-281
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• 2006

In this paper, we study an approach to design a self-tuning Fuzzy-PI controller in HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current) system. In the rectifier of conversional HVDC system, turning on, turning off, triggering and protections of thyristors have lots of problems that can make the dynamic instability and cannot damp the dynamic disturbance efficiently. The above problems are solved by adapting Fuzzy-PI controller for the fire angle control of rectifier.[7] The performance of the Fuzzy-PI controller is sensitive to the variety of scaling factors. The design procedure dwells on the use of evolutionary computing(Genetic Algorithms, GAs). Then we can obtain the optimal scaling factors of the Fuzzy-PI controller by Genetic Algorithms. In order to improve Fuzzy-PI controller, we adopt FIS to tune the scaling factors of the Fuzzy-PI controller on line. A comparative study has been performed between Fuzzy-PI and self-tuning Fuzzy-PI controller, to prove the superiority of the proposed scheme.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.140-143
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• 2003

Air permeabilities in unsaturated fractured tuff at the Apache Leap Research Site (ALRS) near Superior, Arizona, exhibit a self-affine behavior, thus renders a field random fractal. Based up fractal scaling, the observed scale effect has been interpreted [Hyun et al., 2002]. Recently, Frantziskonis and Hansen [2000] presented that fractal scaling can be represented based on wavelets. This study deals with the way of using wavelets for fractal scaling. A numerical study is presented to examine the applicability of wavelet-based approach to determining upscaled air permeability values on various data supports at the site. To characterize the scaling property of self-affine fields generated based upon wavelets, Hurst coefficient, H. was inferred by applying the average wavelet coefficient (AWC) method. The result yielded H = 0.24, which is very close to the result of geostatistical analysis using a power variogram (H = 0.22). The study concludes that wavelet-based scaling is a useful way of determining parameter values on different data supports, which is an essential task for modeling of subsurface flow and mass transport in a numeric grid with different resolutions (grid size).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.539-548
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the awareness and attitude toward health insurance coverage extension to scaling in dental service consumers. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 349 adults in Jeonbuk from May 4 to 15, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects (7 items), Awareness of the dental health insurance system(8 items), Health insurance system coverage extension to scaling(8 items), Self-perception of oral health(7 items), Recognition toward yearly scaling benefit(10 items). Results: There were significant differences according to age in opinions on the appropriateness of the frequency of yearly scaling benefit, and the respondents who were in their 20s, who were unmarried and who brushed their teeth three times a day had significantly different opinions on the appropriateness of the fee of yearly scaling benefit. Their opinions on the expansion of scaling benefit was significantly affected by age. It implies that scaling should be added to the coverage list of the national health insurance in every age group since there is an increase in periodontal diseases with age. Concerning awareness of dental health insurance policy, the better-educated respondents took a better view of this system as they showed a more positive interest in its policies and shifts. Conclusions: It is desirable to provide more precise information as to eligible age, frequency and cost through public promotion of health coverage of scaling, and the effort to improve the health insurance coverage policy should be made in order to extend the scope of health coverage of scaling in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data needed to plan the effective teaching design of scaling education and to measure the changes in students' confidence in performing scaling according to the number of scaling practices. Scaling education is presented as a core basic hygiene competency of dental hygienists and evaluated as the practical competency of dental hygienists. This study selected 48 third-year students from the department of dental hygiene at S University in Asan, and analyzed data from completed participant surveys. The degree of "confidence in facing the subject in clinical practice," "confidence in applying hand instrument to the subject," and "confidence in applying ultrasonic instruments to the subject" was assessed on a five-point Likert scale. The difference in confidence was analyzed during five practice sessions. Each response was compared using frequency analysis, chi-square test, and repeated measurement ANOVA. Students who complained of a lack of confidence in the 14.6%, 25.0%, and 12.5%, respectively, in face-to-face practice, hand instruments, and ultrasonic instrument application responses. The more the practice was repeated, the more confident students were in all three categories, and the more statistically significant (p<0.001). As the number of scaling practice sessions increased, students' confidence in performing scaling also improved. In particular, the level of self-confidence was higher after the third practice session when compared to the first session. Therefore, it is necessary to design effective courses for teaching scaling practices so that at least three repetitive practice periods can be provided in clinical dental hygiene practices.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.388-398
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• 1998

In constructing fuzzy control systems. there are many parameters such as rule base. membership functions. inference m method. defuzzification. and I/O scaling factors. To control the system in properly using fuzzy logic. we have to consider t the correlation with those parameters. This paper deals with self-tuning of fuzzy control systems. The fuzzy controller h has parameters that are input and output scaling factors to effect control output. And we propose the looklongleftarrowup table b based self-tuning fuzy controller. We propose the PMTM(Plus-Minus Tuning Method) for self tuning method, self-tuning the initial look-up table to the appropriate table by adding and subtracting the values.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1107-1116
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine awareness and satisfaction toward health insurance coverage of scaling. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 221 patients receiving scaling service from July to August, 2014. The informed consent was approved after the explanation of purpose of the study. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, awareness toward health insurance coverage of scaling, scaling service covered by health insurance, and satisfaction with health insurance service. Results: Those recognizing the health insurance service extension accounted for 87.3 percent and 67.4 percent answered that the appropriate coverage age would be 20 years old. The recommendable frequency of scaling was once a year and this accounted for 49.3 percent. Fifty percent of the subjects thought health insurance coverage of scaling would be reasonable and 34.8 percent acquired the information from mass media. The most common service providers were dental hygienists and the length of service was from 20 to 30 minutes. The contents of service included scaling service, toothbrushing method, and oral care. The satisfaction was 4.39 points. Conclusions: The health insurance coverage of scaling will improve the oral health and quality of life in Korean adults. So the government should try to extend the scaling coverage by health insurance and the frequency of scaling.