• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.1 s.14
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• pp.81-92
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• 1998

According to Post-modernists including deconstructivists, as Modernism is changed into Post-modernism, the paradigm is shifted from consciousness to language. The paradigm of consciousness corresponds to representational language, and the paradigm of language to self-referential one. In post-modern age most of architects are wandering what kind of language architecture is. Some theorists contend that architecture is representational, and others that it is self-referential. Allan Colquhoun, who is known as one of the best architectural theorists inUnited States, accepts both the former and the latter, but fails to reveal the meaning and the limitation, of the two languages. Although he believes that the representational language of architecture ('figure') is the source of self-referential language of architecture('form'), he never clearly answers what kind of language architecture. In order to overcome the limitation and the meaning of Colquhoun's figure and form, and synthesize the two language, this essay appropriates Martin Heidegger's some concepts, 'ready-to-hand,' 'present-at-hand' and 'being-in-the-world' to make a theoretical framework for 'image' which prevails over and synthesizes 'form' and 'figure.' Since Image is based upon both 'being-in-the world' and 'ready-to-hand,' it is the source of 'form' and 'figure.' When 'image' is fragmented, the former and the latter emerge. Image is therefore both the former and the latter because it represents and self-refers a world as a reality.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.2730-2747
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• 2016

Due to the limitation of the bandwidth resource and capture resolution of depth cameras, low resolution depth maps should be up-sampled to high resolution so that they can correspond to their texture images. In this paper, a novel depth map up-sampling algorithm is proposed by exploiting the fractal internal self-referential feature. Fractal parameters which are extracted from a depth map, describe the internal self-referential feature of the depth map, do not introduce inherent scale and just retain the relational information of the depth map, i.e., fractal transforms provide a resolution-independent description for depth maps and could up-sample depth maps to an arbitrary high resolution. Then, an enhancement method is also proposed to further improve the performance of the up-sampled depth map. The experimental results demonstrate that better quality of synthesized views is achieved both on objective and subjective performance. Most important of all, arbitrary resolution depth maps can be obtained with the aid of the proposed scheme.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.169-187
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• 2004

Self-maintainability of data warehouse(DW) views is an ability to maintain the DW views without requiring an access to (i) any underlying databases or (ii) any information beyond the DW views and the delta of the databases. With our proposed method, DW views can be updated by using only the old views and the differential files such as different files, referential integrity differential files, linked differential files, and backward-linked differential files that keep the truly relevant tuples in the delta. This method avoids accessing the underlying databases in that the method achieves self-maintainability even in preparing auxiliary information. We showed that out method can be applicable to the DW views that contain joins over relations in a star schema, a snowflake schema, or a galaxy schema.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2004

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two syntactic cues in pronoun referential resolution: number cue (plural or singular) and gender cue (unambiguous or ambiguous). Using self-paced sentence reading task for pronoun sentences and lexical decision task for antecedents, Experiment 1 showed that the reading time of a plural pronoun ('they') was faster than a singular pronoun ('he' or 'she'), but the lexical decision time did not differ with a number cue and a Bender cue. In Experiment 2, using RSVP for pronoun sentences and lexical decision task for antecedents, the results showed that the lexical decision time differed for a gender cue only. These results suggested that the syntactic cues of a pronoun influenced strongly on referential resolution in discourse comprehension.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-83
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• 2012

A knowledge map describes the network of related knowledge into the form of a diagram, and therefore underpins the structure of knowledge categorizing and archiving by defining the relationship of the referential navigation between knowledge. The referential navigation between knowledge means the relationship of cross-referencing exhibited when a piece of knowledge is utilized by a user. To understand the contents of the knowledge, a user usually requires additionally information or knowledge related with each other in the relation of cause and effect. This relation can be expanded as the effective connection between knowledge increases, and finally forms the network of knowledge. A network display of knowledge using nodes and links to arrange and to represent the relationship between concepts can provide a more complex knowledge structure than a hierarchical display. Moreover, it can facilitate a user to infer through the links shown on the network. For this reason, building a knowledge map based on the ontology technology has been emphasized to formally as well as objectively describe the knowledge and its relationships. As the necessity to build a knowledge map based on the structure of the ontology has been emphasized, not a few researches have been proposed to fulfill the needs. However, most of those researches to apply the ontology to build the knowledge map just focused on formally expressing knowledge and its relationships with other knowledge to promote the possibility of knowledge reuse. Although many types of knowledge maps based on the structure of the ontology were proposed, no researches have tried to design and implement the referential navigation-enabled knowledge map. This paper addresses a methodology to build the ontology-based knowledge map enabling the referential navigation between knowledge. The ontology-based knowledge map resulted from the proposed methodology can not only express the referential navigation between knowledge but also infer additional relationships among knowledge based on the referential relationships. The most highlighted benefits that can be delivered by applying the ontology technology to the knowledge map include; formal expression about knowledge and its relationships with others, automatic identification of the knowledge network based on the function of self-inference on the referential relationships, and automatic expansion of the knowledge-base designed to categorize and store knowledge according to the network between knowledge. To enable the referential navigation between knowledge included in the knowledge map, and therefore to form the knowledge map in the format of a network, the ontology must describe knowledge according to the relation with the process and task. A process is composed of component tasks, while a task is activated after any required knowledge is inputted. Since the relation of cause and effect between knowledge can be inherently determined by the sequence of tasks, the referential relationship between knowledge can be circuitously implemented if the knowledge is modeled to be one of input or output of each task. To describe the knowledge with respect to related process and task, the Protege-OWL, an editor that enables users to build ontologies for the Semantic Web, is used. An OWL ontology-based knowledge map includes descriptions of classes (process, task, and knowledge), properties (relationships between process and task, task and knowledge), and their instances. Given such an ontology, the OWL formal semantics specifies how to derive its logical consequences, i.e. facts not literally present in the ontology, but entailed by the semantics. Therefore a knowledge network can be automatically formulated based on the defined relationships, and the referential navigation between knowledge is enabled. To verify the validity of the proposed concepts, two real business process-oriented knowledge maps are exemplified: the knowledge map of the process of 'Business Trip Application' and 'Purchase Management'. By applying the 'DL-Query' provided by the Protege-OWL as a plug-in module, the performance of the implemented ontology-based knowledge map has been examined. Two kinds of queries to check whether the knowledge is networked with respect to the referential relations as well as the ontology-based knowledge network can infer further facts that are not literally described were tested. The test results show that not only the referential navigation between knowledge has been correctly realized, but also the additional inference has been accurately performed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1987

The purpose of the present research was to study the self-regulation of the child during mother child interaction. That is. this study focused on how mothers regulated children's problem solving efforts before children began to function as independent agents capable of self-regulation. The emphasis was on the "regulation-by-others" that preceded "self-regulation". The subjects of this study were 30 mother-child dyads. The dyads were divided into 3 groups of 10 dyads each on the basis of the child's age (2, 3, and 4 years of age). The instrument used for this study was the "truck puzzle" devised by Wertsch, McNamee, Mclane and Budwig (1980). The problem solving task in this study required the dyad to make a puzzle in accordance with the model puzzle. The interaction of 30 mother-child dyads was observed and analyzed flH verbal and non-verbal behavior used by the mother to regulate the child's behavior. One-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc comparision and Spearman's rank-difference correlation were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The results revealed that there were significant age trends in regulation-by-others and self regulation in joint cognitive activity; that is, there were developmental transitions from regulation by-others to self-regulation in connection with crucial strategic behavior (looking at the model). Significant differences were found in mothers' interventions after children's gaze at the model in joint cognitive activity; that is, the mean proportion of mothers' intervention for the 2-year-old group was the highest and that of the 4-year-old group was the lowest. There were no significant age-related differences in mothers' use of referential perspectives in joint cognitive activity. Children's regulation- by-others increased and children's self-regulation decreased in proportion to mothers' use of referential perspectives.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.211-222
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• 2003

Recursive thinking is iterative, self-referential, and building on itself continuously. Moreover, it is becoming a more prominent feature of the mathematical scope because of the availability of computers and languages like Logo, Excel, and Pascal that support recursion. This study investigates the way to create students' recursive thinking in mathematics classroom and to use various methods to solve problems using a spreadsheet, the Excel program where technology could be accessible.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.5
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• pp.63-78
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• 1999

In this paper, I explain why local obviation (Condition B of Chomskys binding theory) should be viewed as a relative phenomenon, and establish a correlation between Local Obviation (henceforth LO) effects and the Referential Hierarchy of Korean anaphors proposed in Lee (1997): ku (he) > caki (self) > casin (self) > cakicasin (selfself) = selo (each other). I show that LO characterized as a relative phenomenon may enable us to view Conditions B and C of the binding theory simply as an instantiation of varying degrees of (long distance) disjoint reference effects on the same continuum.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.71-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between decision making abilities young children and their self-directed learning abilities. A survey was carried out using 160 young children in the J region. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression techniques using the SPSS statistics program. The conclusions are as follows : First, decision making abilities in young children exhibited a positive correlation with their self-directed learning abilities. Second, decision making abilities in young children were an influential variable in terms of their self-directed learning abilities. As a result, decision making abilities in young children were an important variable in predicting their self-directed learning abilities.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.12
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• pp.125-143
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• 2007

The politics penetrating through the contemporary art since modernism to postmodernism is to accomplish the 'Non-representation' in the artworks. This study argues that postmodernism did not put an end to the formalistic feature of modernism but intended to accomplish it. Modernist art aimed at purity, i.e. self-referential and self-definition art advocated by Clement Greenberg, and it carne to the end by accomplishing flatness and materiality. It was an 'evasion to the matter' which allocated the object from visuality of outer object to the psychic image of the subject. It failed being 'non-representational' as what it really achieved was transition of object. Jean Baudrillard's theory tried to overcome the representational quality by 'being simulacre'. In the representative artworks of the past, the meaning of artworks was reverted under the outer context or object. The meaning again failed being 'Non-representational' as it was restored to the psychic image of the subject in modernist artworks where the definite illusion was demolished Meanwhile, artwork advocating simulacre acquired Non-representational quality by liberating from both models. It did not deconstruct the self-referential tendency of modernism but maximized the Non-representational modernistic principle. After creating 'Non-representation' through simulacre, the existential status and function of an artwork is the inclination and moral of contemporary art as 'Non-representation'. The image theory of Henri Bergson sets the existential status of 'image' as it does not belong to either subject nor object. It provides significant foundation for arguing the existential status of simulacre. Moreover, though an artwork as a fragment forming a movement image in the world cannot represent the object, it can however sustain certain kind of fractal resemblance with the world by letting the two parties communicate. The theory of sense by Gilles Deleuze is of profound significance as it specifically indicated way how the stage of absorption through the unity of subject and object is realized in forms of artworks, and configured the latent and invisible energy.