• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1991

In Summer, oxygen-deficient water masses were developed extensively in the closed eutrophic bays such as Chinhae Bay which results in mass mortality of marine organisms and severe decrease the production of the bay every year. Under the circumstances, this study was performed to investigate the oxygen depletion relating to eutrophication, and also to evaluate self-purfication capacity of Buk Bay by dissolved oxygen mass balance in 1988. The mean concentration of total inorganic nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were $11.06{\mu}g-at/l,\;0.80{\mu}g-at/l\;and\;1.11mg/m^3$ respectively, which were over eutrophication criteria. Oxygen-deficient water mass was formed in July with the minimum concentration of 2.08ml/l(mean) at the bottom of all stations and recovered slowly in August. The decay and reaeration coefficient calculated from dissloved oxygen sag curve were 0.222/day and 0.018ml/l/day, respectively. To maintain above 4ml/l of oxygen to prevent oxygen-deficient water mass, it is recommendable to supply as much as 0.856ml/l/day of dissolved oxygen or should be reduced the same mass loading of BOD from watershed by the construction of wastewater treatment plant.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2021

Adolescents with disabilities have unnatural behavior and language, which makes it difficult to use soft and flexible language and behavior, and lack of learning experience has limitations in not being free in mature behavioral communication. Eurhythmics musical rhythm elements were divided into time and space, power and weight, and balance and fluidity and reflected in teaching and learning so that adolescents with disabilities could have comfortable, creative, and original thoughts that bring about changes in thawing. In order to increase the effectiveness of education in the direction of observing the effect of improving self-esteem, communication, and creativity of adolescents with disabilities, the study guide applying the Eurhythmics rhythm element was fused with music education, art education, and physical education, and interviewed by selecting research participants. Based on the questionnaire, an observation method suitable for the study of adolescents with disabilities was conducted. As a result of the study, it was observed that the educational effect of the disabled youth was improved as a result of conducting the class by applying the Eurhythmics rhythm elements time and space, force and weight, balance and fluidity by integrating music, art, and physical education(line dance, playtime). Therefore, to supplement the limitations in this learning process, various educational methods applicable to the education of youth with disabilities, a support system that can reflect Eurhythmics education through physical play, and a method to properly compose various learning tools do.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between life style and health status of the staffs of an elementary school to understand exercise practices and life styles and to analyze the self-efficacy and the factors that affect it concerning walking exercise. The subjects were m9 staff member of the 10 elementary school in Seoul and materials were collected through an organized examination table from October, 1999 to May 2000. The people health awareness table was used as a variable for life style, the 13 questionnaires made of a 5 points measure was for the self efficacy concerning walking exercise. The data was analyzed through a statistics package made of a Chisquare-test, t-test, ANOVA and a regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows; 1) 50% of the staffs were practicing regular exercise, 3/4 of them practiced walking, jogging and mountain climbing that don't need equipment and exercise frequency was 1-2 times per week 64%. of the time and exercise span was under 30 minutes in 38%, the highest 2) The average of self-efficacy concerning walking exercise was 3.6 points but the answers "I can walk enough to be in a sweat", "I can walk according to my exercise plan" were relatively low. 3) The explanation degree of the Model was 14% in a regression analysis between self efficacy concerning walking exercise and as a dependent variable for a regular walking exercise plan, regular health examination, routine health status, and breakfast might serve as an explanation degree. According to the results of this study, the suggestions were as follows: 1) The chronic invalid was not enough in the change of life style after chronic disease, most of all, it need the awareness of change, of active health education and of public information for health promotion action practice through the prohibition of smoking, abstinence from drink, exercise and nutritional balance. 2) Concrete practice program enlargement is needed to enhance related walking exercise or of a type lecture meeting for subjects who have a positive attitude about walking exercise plans. 3) A program that can actively recommend a health promotion life style is needed when we make allowance for those who have an ordinarily healthy life style and show a high walking exercise self-efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the ity, food habits and eating behavior of the college students. The responses of 1,112 students(male 468, female 644) to the questionnaire were analyzed. The results were summarized as follows: The means of height, weight were $174.1{\pm}5.1cm$, $66.0{\pm}8.1kg$ for males, respectively and were $164.3{\pm}6.0cm$, $50.7{\pm}5.3kg$ for female, respectively. The means of relative body weight(RBW) were $99.1{\pm}11.6$ for males and $91.2{\pm}10.3$ for females. Body mass index(BMI) were $21.8{\pm}2.5$ for males and $19.3{\pm}2.0$ for females. The rate of underweight, normal and obese on the basis of BMI was 19.9%, 71.5%, 8.6% for males, respectively and 68.4%, 30.4%, 1.3% for females respectively. Among underweight subjects, 59.3% answered that they had normal weight. 37.5% of normal weight subjects regarded themselves more obese or less obese than their actual body shape. Food habit score(out of a possible 50 points) was 29.4 in male and 29.3 in female, the score of self boarding students was the lowest among groups. Self boarding students had lower scores than the home-living students on the regularity of meals, eating time, protein intake, vegetable intake, lipid intake and food balance. The average meal frequency of the students was 2.46 times a day. Breakfast was skipped most frequently. Self-boarding students missed breakfast more often than other groups. The main reason of skipping breakfast was due to lack of time. The type of favorite snack was cookies and ramyun and in terms of snack time, most of the students had snack between lunch and dinner or after dinner. The rates of smoking and alcohol drinking were 29.8%, 76.7%, respectively and 25% of subjects exercised regularly. The results of this study suggest that a comprehensive nutrition education program is needed for college student to improve their eating habits about skipping meal and to maintain their health.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.153-174
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• 1995

This study was conducted to examine the determinant factors for expenditure of the medical insurance program for self-employeds based on the analysis of 1991 'The Medical Insurance Program for Self-Employeds Statistical Yearbook', and also similar yearbooks in the metropolitan and other provinces. The major findings are as follows : We have divided benefits into these four components such as the utilization rate for out-patients, expenses per claim for out-patients as paid by the insurer, utilization rate for in-patients, and the expenses per claim for in-patients as paid by the insurer, in order to examine the determinant factors for it. The results of the study revealed the following findings, in urban areas, the supply of medical care had more influence on the benefits than other demographic and economic variables, while, in county areas, both the supply of medical care and the rate of those aged over 65 affected the provision of benefits. The determinant factors for financial balance of the medical insurance program for self-employeds are, first, the determinant factor for administrative expenses was the number of households. The more the number of households, the less the administrative expenses per the insured. This shows that the economy of scale is being. And so, the administrative district must be taken into consideration in the incorporation of small regional medical societies and should be re-organized for more efficient management. Second, in urban areas, the supply of medical care had more influence on utilization rate and expenses per claim as paid by insurer, and therefore it is necessary to control it. In county areas, the supply of medical care and the rate of those aged over 65 raised the utilization rate and expenses per claim as paid by insurer. For the financial stability of county areas, a common fund for medical care for the aged and expansion of finance stabilization fund would be necessary. But, in county areas, it would be unnecessary to control the supply of medical care because it was much more insufficient than in urban areas. The vitalization of public health facilities must be carried out in county areas, for they reduced benefits. Sice the more insured in a single household, the less the utilization of the medical insurance program, benefits for habilitation at home should be given consideration. The law of majority and the economy of scale were applied here, and therefore the incorporation of regional medical societies must be taken into consideration. In integrating regional medical societies, it would be absolutely necessary to review the structural differences among all regional medical societies, the medical demand of each region, and also the local characteristics of each region.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2006

Objective: This study was performed to identify the related factors of change affecting the stage of change, on the assumption that there are various stages of change in the exercise behavior of workers. Method: The subjects of the study consisted of 138 workers of 10 workplaces located in Daejeon City, and data collected by using questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 11.5 program. Results: The subjects were distributed in the stage of exercise behavior change as follows: precontemplation stage(10.9%), contemplation stage(22.5%), preparation stage(41.3%), action stage(8.7%), and maintenance stage(16.7%). Of the process of change depending on the stage of exercise behavior change, the consciousness raising(F=11.50, p=.00), dramatic relief(F=2.82, p=.02) showed significant difference in the cognitive process, and the counter conditioning(F=4.56, p=.00), reinforcement management(F=4.64, p=.00), self-liberation(F=9.46, p=.00), and stimulus control(F=13.28, p=.00) showed significant difference in the behavioral process. For decision-making depending on the stage of exercise behavior change, both the pros of decision-making(F=9.23, p=.00) and the cons of decision-making(F=2.45, p=.04) showed significant difference. Self-efficacy depending on the stage of exercise behavior change showed significant difference as F=11.50, p=.00. The related factors of change affecting the stage of exercise behavior change were the pros of decision-making, the cons of decision-making, and self-efficacy including 34.1% R-square. Conclusion: In order to change the exercise behavior of workers positively, they need to be stimulated to use the cognitive and behavioral process in the process of change properly, and to be induced to make a decision positively. And also exercise programs suitable to various characteristics of each worker as well as those of workplaces to enhance self-efficacy need to be applied after being devised. Through the further longitudinal research, it is necessary to analyze the various aspects, such as groups to select, to maintain, to stop or give up the exercise, and to avoid the change, and to study how the related factors of change affect diversity like the above.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.390-404
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• 2014

This study analysed the job-housing balance using the number of employees and workers data, and investigated the relationship between job-housing ratio and commuting trip in the Seoul metropolitan area. Between 2005-2010, in the central business district which functioned as urban center, the number of employees were reduced and population growth slowed. Meanwhile, the suburbanization of employment and population has advanced as the employment and population moved from Seoul to Gyeonggi-do. As the increasement of workers compared to the employees became prominent, the excess workers increased significantly. The size of excess workers acted as a factor which reduced the job-housing ratio. Job-housing imbalance worsened in Gyeonggi-do especially. While in many regions, job-housing imbalance improved in clerical, sales, and professional job sectors, but in some regions, the job-housing imbalance worsened in simple labor job and service job sectors. The number of jobs which job-housing imbalance was eased increased in the employment center. The more the job-housing ratio is high, the lower the degree of self-sufficiency of commuting trip and the proportion of internal commuters. In business centers where the number of employees exceed the number of workers, the job-housing ratio and the proportion of commuting trips coming from other regions showed decreasing trend together. The results bear important implications for regional labour market plans considering the spatial mismatch between jobs and housing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.495-503
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the general characteristics, work overload, work life balance, job engagement of working adolescents and the factors affecting job engagement. We examined 1,772 working adolescents under the age of 24 years in response to the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis were used. The study results showed that men had high-level job engagement when they were professional, self-employed, 41-52 hours per week, and never experienced employment discrimination. For women, job engagement was high if they were under 19 years of age, college graduates, professions, temporary work, 41-52 hours a week, and had never experienced gender discrimination, and employment discrimination. In addition, the job engagement of both men and women was higher when work overload was less and work life balance was good. This study is meaningful in that it examined the job engagement of working youth by using the Korean Working Conditions Survey representative of Korean workers. However, it has limitations in that it does not take into account specific circumstances such as academic status or military service. Based on the study results, it can be used as basic data for developing educational programs to manage job engagement and understanding of working adolescents.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2022

This study examines the relationship between flexible work and workers' work-life balance using data from the 23rd Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, with a focus on the impact of working from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the analysis, WFH was found to have a positive effect on the happiness of workers, satisfaction with family relationships, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction related to job security for women. In addition, we looked at the changes in time use of WFH workers and non-WFH workers before and after COVID-19, with a particular focus on aspects such as time spent sleeping and on self-development, childcare, housework, exercise, and social gatherings. Compared to non-WFH workers, WFH workers increased the time spent on housework and childcare after COVID-19, with this trend more pronounced among women. The results of this study suggest that the effect of utilizing WFH may be halved for workers who have to take care of children and work at the same time, and that this effect may be greater for women. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen social support measures so that WFH workers who face a work-life conflict due to childcare can maintain work productivity and realize a work-life balance, and to ensure that the flexible work arrangement should not be a medium that reinforces traditional gender roles. Active policy efforts will be required to make sure this happens.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.101-108
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• 2020

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the increasing degree of opening to the outside world, many Chinese people go abroad and many foreign friends come to China. In addition, the exchanges between China and foreign countries are also increasing. Therefore, Chinese culture often conflicts with the culture of other countries and nations. Many foreigners are confused about the psychology and way of thinking of Chinese people. Based on the archetypal theory of Carl Gustav Jung, a famous Swiss psychoanalyst, this paper analyzes the national character of Chinese people, including the common characteristics of Chinese people and the causes of these characteristics. This is a new research angle in the academic field of China. This paper includes the following parts: the first chapter describes the research background and significance of this paper; the second chapter describes Carl Jung's collective unconsciousness theory, including the concept of archetype, shadow, persona, anima and animus, and self; the third chapter explains that the research method adopted in this paper is the literature method; the fourth chapter analyzes the common character of contemporary Chinese from the perspectives of China's political and economic system and modern Chinese history, deeply analyzes how the shadow in collective unconsciousness has a negative impact on Chinese character, analyzes the unique persona of Chinese people on the basis of Chinese culture, and the performance of anima and animus in Chinese character. Finally, it explains how Chinese people seek the balance between inside and outside world from the perspective of self.