• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

횡방향철근은 기둥의 소성힌지구간에 충분한 구속효과, 축방향철근의 좌굴방지와 연성거동을 확보하기 위해 적용된다. 기둥에서 사각형 후프 띠철근과 보강 띠철근의 조립 및 배근방법은 시공이 까다롭고 많은 횡방향철근량이 요구된다. 본 논문에서, 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 장방형 단면과 플레어 기둥의 횡구속을 위한 장방형 후프 띠철근을 사용한 새로운 횡구속 방법이 제안되었다. 개발된 장방형 후프 띠철근 상세는 장방형 단면과 플레어 기둥의 시공성과 경제성을 향상시켜줄 수 있는 하나의 대안으로서 적용 가능한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 최종목적은 철근콘크리트 교각의 시공성 향상을 위한 장방형 후프 띠철근 상세의 제시와 실험적 기초자료의 제공과 함께 하중단계별 성능 및 손상평가를 위한 정량적 수치와 경향을 제공하기 위한 것이며, 극한변위, 극한드리프트비율, 변위연성도, 응답수정계수, 등가점성감쇠비, 잔류변형지수, 유효강성 등의 주요 내진성능평가 변수들에 대한 분석결과를 나타내었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 국내고속도로에서 많이 사용되고 있는 이주형 교각을 주하중방향에 따른 이축지진하중에서의 지진응답을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 실험체는 지름 400mm 높이 2,000mm인 이주형 원형 교각 6기 및 단주형 원형교각 1기를 제작하였으며, $0.1 f_{ck}A_g$ 크기의 축방향 하중작용하에서 횡방향 하중을 주하중방향을 교축방향과 교축방향으로 하여 이축으로 교번반복 재하하였다. 실험변수는 횡구속 철근비와 주하중방향으로 주하중이 교축방향인 실험체는 기존의 단주와 같이 하부에만 소성힌 지부가 발생하는 휨파괴 양상을 나타내었지만 주하중방향이 교축직각방향인 경우 교각의 하단부 뿐만 아니라 교각의 상부에서도 소성힌지가 발생하였으며, 주하중방향이 교축방향인 실험체보다 더 좋은 연성도를 나타내었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.131-154
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• 2012

In this paper, it is aimed to determine the seismic behaviour of highway bridges by nondestructive testing using ambient vibration measurements. Eynel Highway Bridge which has arch type structural system with a total length of 216 m and located in the Ayvaclk county of Samsun, Turkey is selected as an application. The bridge connects the villages which are separated with Suat U$\breve{g}$urlu Dam Lake. A three dimensional finite element model is first established for a highway bridge using project drawings and an analytical modal analysis is then performed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three orthogonal directions. The ambient vibration measurements are carried out on the bridge deck under natural excitation such as traffic, human walking and wind loads using Operational Modal Analysis. Sensitive seismic accelerometers are used to collect signals obtained from the experimental tests. To obtain experimental dynamic characteristics, two output-only system identification techniques are employed namely, Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition technique in the frequency domain and Stochastic Subspace Identification technique in time domain. Analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and finite element model of the bridge is updated by changing of boundary conditions to reduce the differences between the results. It is demonstrated that the ambient vibration measurements are enough to identify the most significant modes of highway bridges. After finite element model updating, maximum differences between the natural frequencies are reduced averagely from 23% to 3%. The updated finite element model reflects the dynamic characteristics of the bridge better, and it can be used to predict the dynamic response under complex external forces. It is also helpful for further damage identification and health condition monitoring. Analytical model of the bridge before and after model updating is analyzed using 1992 Erzincan earthquake record to determine the seismic behaviour. It can be seen from the analysis results that displacements increase by the height of bridge columns and along to middle point of the deck and main arches. Bending moments have an increasing trend along to first and last 50 m and have a decreasing trend long to the middle of the main arches.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 국내 항만 및 어항시설의 내진설계표준서에서 설계 예로 이용한 지진파를 포함하여 지진규모 $5.3{\sim}7.9$ 수준의 28개의 지진기록에 대한 에너지와 스펙트럼 분석을 통한 국내 적합성 여부를 평가하였고, 이를 통해 국내 내진설계에 적용 가능한 입력지진기록을 제안하였다. 그리고 제안된 지진기록을 이용하여 케이슨의 형상 및 하부지반 상태에 따른 케이슨 안벽의 동적 수평변위특성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 지진파가 보유하고 있는 에너지와 가속도 스펙트럼의 크기는 지진규모가 커질수록 증가하였다. 특히, 지진규모 7.5 부근의 지진기록은 내진설계기준에 규정된 표준설계응답스펙트럼에서 크게 벗어난 반면, 지진규모 6.5 부근의 4개의 지진기록은 국내 내진설계기준에 규정된 표준설계응답스펙트럼을 거의 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 입력지진에 따른 케이슨 안벽의 동적 수평변위특성 분석 결과 국내 항만 및 어항시설의 내진설계 표준서의 예제로 제시한 지진규모 7.4 이상의 지진파의 수평변위는 국내의 내진설계기준에서 제시한 표준설계응답스펙트럼을 대체적으로 만족하는 지진규모 6.5 수준의 지진파의 수평변위보다 2배 이상 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 지진규모 7.4 이상의 지진파를 이용한 내진설계는 지진력을 과다하게 산정하여 비경제적인 설계를 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 국내 적합성 평가로부터 구한4개의 지진기록을 입력하중으로한 동해석 결과에 대한 정량적인 분석을 통해 케이슨의 형상과 하부지반 깊이 및 지반의 표준관입저항치를 이용하여 간편하게 케이슨 안벽의 지진시 수평변위를 산정할 수 있는 간편도표를 제안하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.143-159
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• 2017

지진하중으로 초래되는 지하터널 구조물의 손상에 대한 위험도를 예측하기 위해 이 논문에서 확률론적 취약도 평가절차를 개발하였다. 특히 지진취약도 평가에 필수 요소인 취약도곡선의 유도를 위하여 단순화된 방법론을 정립하는 데 중점을 두었다. 지반-구조물상호작용(SSI) 효과를 고려한 구조물의 동적응답거동을 추정하기 위해서 지중구조물에 대한 지반응답가속도법(GRAMBS)을 제안기법에 적용하였다. 또한, 푸시오버 해석을 통해 터널의 손상상태를 정의하고 라틴하이퍼큐브 샘플링(LHS) 기법을 사용하여 설계변수와 관련된 불확실성을 고려하였다. 적용된 기법의 개념을 보다 상세하게 설명하기 위하여 설계스펙트럼을 만족하도록 생성된 다수의 인공지진운동에 대해 수치해석을 수행하고 취약도곡선을 개발하였다. 두 매개변수 대수정규분포 함수로 지진 취약도곡선을 표현하는데, 여기서 두 매개변수인 중앙값과 대수표준편차는 최우추정(MLE)법을 사용하여 산정하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.1414-1422
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• 2017

Remote response technology has advanced to the extent that a robot system, if properly designed and deployed, may greatly help respond to beyond-design-basis accidents at nuclear power plants. Particularly in the aftermath of the Fukushima accident, there is increasing interest in developing disaster robots that can be deployed in lieu of a human operator to the field to perform mitigating actions in the harsh environment caused by extreme natural hazards. The nuclear robotics team of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) is also endeavoring to construct disaster robots and, first of all, is interested in finding out to what extent safety benefits can be achieved by such a disaster robotic system. This paper discusses a new approach based on the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) technique, which can be used to quantify safety benefits associated with disaster robots, along with a case study for seismic-induced station blackout condition. The results indicate that to avoid core damage in this special case a robot system with reliability > 0.65 is needed because otherwise core damage is inevitable. Therefore, considerable efforts are needed to improve the reliability of disaster robots, because without assurance of high reliability, remote response techniques will not be practically used.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.371-390
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• 2020

One of the most common strategies for retrofitting as-built reinforced concrete (RC) columns is to enlarge the existing section through the application of a new concrete layer reinforced by both steel transverse and longitudinal reinforcements. The present study was dedicated to developing a comprehensive model to predict the seismic behavior of as-built RC jacketed columns. For this purpose, a new sectional model was developed to perform moment-curvature analysis coupled by the plastic hinge method. In this analysis-oriented model, new methodologies were suggested to address the impacts of axial, flexural and shear mechanisms, variable confining pressure, eccentric loading, longitudinal bar buckling, and varying axial load. To consider the effective interaction between core and jacket, the monolithic factor approach was adopted to extent the response of the monolithic columns to that of a respective RC jacket strengthened column. Next, parametric studies were implemented to examine the effectiveness of the main parameters of the RC jacket strategy in retrofitting as-built RC columns. Ultimately, the reliability of the developed analytical model was validated against a series of experimental results of as-built and retrofitted RC columns.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2022

This paper investigates the seismic performance of buildings designed using DDBD (Direct Displacement based Design) and FBD (Force based Design) approaches from the probabilistic viewpoint. It aims to estimate the collapse capacity of structures and assess the adequacy of seismic design codes. In this regard, (i) IDA (Incremental Dynamic Analysis) curves, (ii) interstory drift demand distribution curves, (iii) fragility curves, and (iv) the methodology provided by FEMA P-695 are applied to examine two groups of RC moment resistant frame buildings: 8-story structures with different plans, to study the effect of different span arrangements; and 3-, 7- and 12-story structures with a fixed plan, to study the dynamic behavior of the buildings. Structural modeling is performed in OpenSees software and validated using the results of an experimental model. It is concluded that increasing the building height would not significantly affect the response estimation of IDA and fragility curves of DDBD-designed structures, while the change in span arrangements is effective in estimating responses. In the investigation of the code adequacy, unlike the FBD approach, the DDBD can satisfy the performance criteria presented in FEMA P-695 and hence provide excellent performance.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

Structural collapses can occur as a result of a dynamic amplification of either, the building's seismic response or the ground shaking by local site effects; one of the reasons is a resonance effect due to the proximity of the structural elastic fundamental period TE and the soil fundamental period TS. We evaluate the vulnerability to resonance effects in Guadalajara, México, in a three-step schema: 1) we define structural systems in the building environment of western Guadalajara, in terms of their construction materials and structural components; 2) we estimate TE with different equations, to obtain a representative value in elastic conditions for each structural system; and, 3) we evaluate the resonance vulnerability by the analysis of the ratio between TE and TS. We observe that the larger the soil fundamental period, the higher the resonance vulnerability for buildings with height between 17 and 39 m. For the sites with a low TS, the most vulnerable buildings will be those with a height between 2 and 9 m. These results can be a helpful tool for disaster prevention, by avoiding the construction of buildings with certain heights and structural characteristics that would result in a dangerous proximity between TE and TS.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권3호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2023

Base isolation is a widely used technique for the seismic control of structures as it reduces the structural seismic demand. However, displacement of the isolation layer is not economically feasible in congested urban areas. To resolve the issue, an innovative system is proposed here to isolate both horizontally at the base and vertically in the upper portion of the structure. A simplified linear three degree-of-freedom (3DOF) model of the system that considers the mass and stiffness ratios of the substructure has been introduced and analyzed in MATLAB by spectrum analysis. The 3DOF model results revealed that, when the period of the soft substructure reaches 2.5 times that of the stiff substructure, the isolation and the lower substructure responses decrease by 65% and 51%, respectively. Time-history analysis of a MDOF system at three frequency ratios under a wide range of ground motions indicated that, at the expense of accepting a certain large drift by the soft substructure in the upper portion of the structure, base isolation displacement can be decreased by 10%.