• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 변위기반 성능설계 개념에 의해 기존 철근콘크리트 기둥과 콘크리트에 강재를 매입한 SRC 합성기둥에 대하여 최대 설계지진 가속도에 대한 내진성능개선의 성능설계을 비교하였다. SRC 합성기둥은 구조물의 강도를 증가시킬 뿐 아니라 연성도를 증가시키는 효과가 있다. SRC 합성기둥의 단면은 H형 강재와 원형의 중공 강관을 매입한 형태로 구성되어 있다. SRC 합성기둥에 대한 P-M상관도와 단면 공칭휨모멘트를 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 SRC 합성기둥에 대한 설계 변위 추정을 위해 변위기반 내진 설계 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 성능기반설계에 의한 성능개선설계를 위하여 목표성능변위 및 설계지진가속도 조건에 대해 직접변위 기반 설계방법 및 변위계수법에 의한 내진성능개선 설계 방법을 제시하였다. SRC 합성기둥은 기존 RC 기둥과 비교하여 성능개선 설계 결과 변위 연성비 및 변위성능에서 크게 개선된 성능설계 결과를 나타내었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권3호
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• pp.295-309
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• 2020

The construction of Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings with unreinforced masonry infills is part of the traditional building practice in many countries with regions of high seismicity throughout the world. When these buildings are subjected to seismic motions the presence of masonry infills and especially their configuration can highly influence the seismic damage state. The capability to avoid configurations of masonry infills prone to seismic damage at the stage of initial architectural concept would be significantly definitive in the context of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. Along these lines, the present paper investigates the potential of instant prediction of the damage response of R/C buildings with various configurations of masonry infills utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). To this end, Multilayer Feedforward Perceptron networks are utilized and the problem is formulated as pattern recognition problem. The ANNs' training data-set is created by means of Nonlinear Time History Analyses of 5 R/C buildings with a large number of different masonry infills' distributions, which are subjected to 65 earthquakes. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the Maximum Interstorey Drift Ratio. The most significant conclusion which is extracted is that the ANNs can reliably estimate the influence of masonry infills' configurations on the seismic damage level of R/C buildings incorporating their optimum design.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2014

There has been an increasing demand for introducing a base isolation system to secure the seismic safety of a nuclear power plant. However, the design criteria and the safety assessment methodology of a base isolated nuclear facility are still being developed. A performance based design concept for the base isolation system needs to be added to the general seismic design procedures. For the base isolation system, the displacement responses of isolators excited by the extended design basis earthquake are important as well as the design displacement. The possible displacement response by the extended design basis earthquake should be limited less than the failure displacement of the isolator. The failure of isolators were investigated by an experimental test to define the ultimate strain level of rubber bearings. The uncertainty analysis, considering the variations of the mechanical properties of isolators and input ground motions, was performed to estimate the probabilistic distribution of the isolator displacement. The relationship of the displacement response by each ground motion level was compared in view of a period elongation and a reduction of damping. Finally, several examples of isolator parameters are calculated and the considerations for an acceptable isolation design is discussed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.937-956
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• 2015

Seismic isolation systems decouple structures from ground motions to protect them from seismic events. Seismic isolation devices have been implemented in many full-scale buildings and bridges because of their simplicity, economic effectiveness, inherent stability, and reliability. It is well known that the most uncertain aspect for obtaining the accurate responses of an isolated structure from seismic events is the seismic loading itself. It is needed to know the seismic response distributions of the isolated structure resulting from the randomness of earthquakes when probabilistic designing or probabilistic evaluating an isolated structure. Earthquake time histories are useful and often an essential element for designing or evaluating isolated structures. However, it is very challenging to gather the design and evaluation information for an isolated structure from many seismic analyses. In order to evaluate the seismic performance of an isolated structure, numerous nonlinear dynamic analyses need to be performed, but this is impractical. In this paper, the concept of the stochastic response database (SRD) is defined to obtain the seismic response distributions of an isolated structure instantaneously, thereby significantly reducing the computational efforts. An equivalent model of the isolated structure is also developed to improve the applicability and practicality of the SRD. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is numerically verified.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

본 연구는 기존 철근콘크리트 구조물에 대하여 대표적인 변위-기반 설계법인 Chopra&Goel 이 제안한 직접변위-기반 설계법의 기본개념을 적용하여 최대 설계지반 가속도에 대한 보강 Steel Jacket의 두께를 결장하고, 결정된 보강 두께를 적용하여 보강전 후 성능설계기법에 의한 비선형 해석 및 보강설계법에 의한 보다 개선된 알고리즘 및 프로그램을 제시하였다. Steel Jacket 보강된 철근콘크리트 기둥에 대한 설계 변위 추정을 위해 Steel Jacket 보강된 철근콘크리트 부재의 비선형 층상화 세그멘트 해석 모델을 제시하고, 성능기반설계에 의한 성능개선설계를 위하여 목표성능변위 및 설계자전가속도 조건에 대해 직접 변위-기반 설계 방법 및 변위계 수법에 의한 내진성능개선 설계 방법을 제시하였다. 적용 예에서 본 방법은 기존 철근콘크리트 기둥과 비교하여 성능개선설계 결과 보강 전에 비해 변위 연성비 및 변위성능에서 크게 개선된 성능설계 결과를 제공해 주었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2009

콘크리트 교량의 합리적인 내진설계는 지진이 발생할 때 연성파괴메커니즘이 유도될 수 있도록 적절하게 교각 연성도를 확보하는 것이다. 현행 기준에서는 이를 위해 휨모멘트의 설계지진력을 산정할 때 응답수정계수를 도입하고 있으며, 연성도 확보를 위한 횡방향철근량을 규정하고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 내진규정은 일반적으로 단면이 크게 설계되는 우리나라에서는 횡방향철근이 과다하게 산정되는 비합리적이었다. 이를 개선하기 위해 소요연성도에 기반한 새로운 내진설계법이 제안되었으나 거동특성과 횡방향철근의 유효구속력이 다른 중공단면에 적용하기 위해서는 향후 많은 검증과 보완이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 축방향철근의 겹침이음과 횡방향철근량을 변수로 한 중공단면기둥을 제작하여 준정적 재하실험을 수행하였으며 다양하게 내진거동특성을 분석하고 내진성능을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 중공단면교각의 연성도(성능)기반 내진설계를 위한 기초자료로 제공될 수 있다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2020

The wind design of buildings is typically based on strength provisions under ultimate loads. This is unlike the ductility-based approach used in seismic design, which allows inelastic actions to take place in the structure under extreme seismic events. This research investigates the application of a similar concept in wind engineering. In seismic design, the elastic forces resulting from an extreme event of high return period are reduced by a load reduction factor chosen by the designer and accordingly a certain ductility capacity needs to be achieved by the structure. Two reasons have triggered the investigation of this ductility-based concept under wind loads. Firstly, there is a trend in the design codes to increase the return period used in wind design approaching the large return period used in seismic design. Secondly, the structure always possesses a certain level of ductility that the wind design does not benefit from. Many technical issues arise when applying a ductility-based approach under wind loads. The use of reduced design loads will lead to the design of a more flexible structure with larger natural periods. While this might be beneficial for seismic response, it is not necessarily the case for the wind response, where increasing the flexibility is expected to increase the fluctuating response. This particular issue is examined by considering a case study of a sixty-five-story high-rise building previously tested at the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory at the University of Western Ontario using a pressure model. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed for the building. The wind pressures from the tested rigid model are applied to the finite element model and a time history dynamic analysis is conducted. The time history variation of the straining actions on various structure elements of the building are evaluated and decomposed into mean, background and fluctuating components. A reduction factor is applied to the fluctuating components and a modified time history response of the straining actions is calculated. The building components are redesigned under this set of reduced straining actions and its fundamental period is then evaluated. A new set of loads is calculated based on the modified period and is compared to the set of loads associated with the original structure. This is followed by non-linear static pushover analysis conducted individually on each shear wall module after redesigning these walls. The ductility demand of shear walls with reduced cross sections is assessed to justify the application of the load reduction factor "R".

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.135-140
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• 2002

Bridge columns in strong earthquake area are to be designed and constructed so that enough ductility should be guaranteed. Therefore, large amount of transverse reinforcement is required to confine core concrete of the bridge column by design specifications. In moderate seismicity regions, however, adopting the full ductility design concept sometimes results in construction problems due to reinforcement congestion. For the moderate seismicity regions, a design based on required ductility and required transverse reinforcement might be a reasonable approach. Ductility demand design or performance-based design might be an appropriate approach especially for regions of moderate seismic risk. The procedure and application of this design approach are presented in this paper.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2017

미국의 내진설계기준인 ASCE/SEI 7-10은 구조물 붕괴성능에 대한 불확실성을 고려하지 않는 등재해도 기반 내진설계의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 위험도 기반 내진설계 개념을 도입하였다. 하지만 현행 국내 내진설계기준의 경우 한반도 내에서 발생한 큰 규모의 지진기록과 구조물의 붕괴성능과 관련된 연구의 부족으로 위험도 기반 내진설계 개념을 반영하지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 철골 보통중심가새골조를 표본건물로 선정하여 위험도 기반 내진성능평가를 수행하였다. 건물이 위치한 지역, 높이, 지반조건을 변수로 바탕으로 표본건물에 대한 붕괴성능 평가를 수행하였으며, 국내 지진기록의 특성을 반영할 수 있는 경험적 스펙트럴 형상 예측 모델을 활용하여 지진재해도 곡선을 작성하였다. 이를 활용하여 국내 주요 도시에 위치한 철골 보통중심가새골조의 붕괴확률을 위험도 적분 개념에 따라 평가하였다. 국내 주요 도시에 위치한 철골 보통중심가새골조의 붕괴확률을 평가한 결과, 현행 건축구조기준에 따라 설계된 표본건물은 본 연구에서 고려한 해석 변수에 따라 붕괴확률에 상당한 차이를 보였다. 특히 국내 건축구조기준의 경우 철골 보통중심가새골조에 대한 높이제한이 없어 일부 고층표본건물에서 목표 위험도인 50년간 1%의 붕괴확률을 초과하는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1187-1221
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• 2014

The uplifting and rocking of slender, free-standing structures when subjected to ground shaking may limit appreciably the seismic moments and shears that develop at their base. This high-performance seismic behavior is inherent in the design of ancient temples with emblematic peristyles that consist of slender, free-standing columns which support freely heavy epistyles together with the even heavier frieze atop. While the ample seismic performance of rocking isolation has been documented with the through-the-centuries survival of several free-standing ancient temples; and careful post-earthquake observations in Japan during the 1940's suggested that the increasing size of slender free-standing tombstones enhances their seismic stability; it was George Housner who 50 years ago elucidated a size-frequency scale effect that explained the "counter intuitive" seismic stability of tall, slender rocking structures. Housner's 1963 seminal paper marks the beginning of a series of systematic studies on the dynamic response and stability of rocking structures which gradually led to the development of rocking isolation-an attractive practical alternative for the seismic protection of tall, slender structures. This paper builds upon selected contributions published during this last half-century in an effort to bring forward the major advances together with the unique advantages of rocking isolation. The paper concludes that the concept of rocking isolation by intentionally designing a hinging mechanism that its seismic resistance originates primarily from the mobilization of the rotational inertia of its members is a unique seismic protection strategy for large, slender structures not just at the limit-state but also at the operational state.