• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제72권6호
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• pp.723-736
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• 2019

The efficacy of a technique for the rehabilitation and strengthening of RC beam-column connections damaged due to cyclic loading was investigated. The repair mainly uses epoxy resin infused under pressure into the damaged region to retrieved back the lost capacity and then strengthening using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for capacity enhancement. Three common types of reduced scale RC exterior beam-column connections namely (a) beam-column connection with beam weak in flexure (BWF) (b) beam-column connections with beam weak in shear (BWS) and (c) beam-column connections with column weak in shear (CWS) subjected to reversed cyclic loading were considered for the experimental investigation. The rehabilitated and strengthened specimens were also subjected to similar cyclic displacement. Important parameters related to seismic capacity such as strength, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation, and ductility were evaluated. The rehabilitated connections exhibited equal or better performance and hence the adopted rehabilitation strategies could be considered as satisfactory. Confinement of damaged region using FRP sheet significantly enhanced the seismic capacity of the connections.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2021

Calculating the scrutable core damage frequency (CDF) of nuclear power plants is an important component of the seismic probabilistic safety assessment (SPSA). In this work, a simple approach is developed to calculate CDF from minimal cut sets (MCSs) with non-rare events. When conventional calculation methods based on rare event approximations are employed, the CDF of industry SPSA models is significantly overestimated by non-rare events in the MCSs. Recently, quantification algorithms using binary decision diagrams (BDDs) have been introduced to prevent CDF overestimation in the SPSA. However, BDD structures are generated from a small part of whole MCSs due to limited computational memory, and they cannot be reviewed due to their complicated logic structure. This study suggests a simple approach for scrutinizing the CDF calculation based on whole MCSs in the SPSA system analysis model. The proposed approach compares the new results to outputs from existing algorithms, which helps in avoiding CDF overestimation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2023

Special moment resisting steel frame structures are now being used commonly in highly seismic regions as seismically reliable structures. However, a very important parameter describing the dynamics of steel structures during earthquake loading, Soil Structure Interaction (SSI), is generally neglected. In this study, the significance of consideration of flexibility of soil in being able to obtain a result closer to reality is asserted. The current paper focuses on calculation of seismic fragility curves special moment resisting steel frame structures under different earthquake loadings for fixed-base and SSI models. The observation of obtained fragility curves lead to the conclusion that the SSI has a considerable effect on component fragility for the steel structures, with its effects decreasing for higher peak ground acceleration. The results show that the structures when considered SSI have a higher probability of exceeding a damage limit state. This observation attests the role of SSI in the accurate study of structural performance.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.201-216
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• 2014

In this paper the vulnerability of the confined masonry buildings is evaluated analytically. The proposed approach includes the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the two-story confined masonry buildings with common plan as a reference structure. In this approach the damage level is calculated based on the probability of exceedance of loss vs a specified ground motion in the form of fragility curves. The fragility curves of confined masonry wall buildings are presented in two levels of limit states corresponding to elastic and maximum strength versus PGA based on analytical method. In this regard the randomness of parameters indicating the characteristics of the building structure as well as ground motion is considered as likely uncertainties. In order to develop the analytical fragility curves the proposed analytical models of confined masonry walls in a previous investigation of the authors, are used to specify the damage indices and responses of the structure. In order to obtain damage indices a series of pushover analyses are performed, and to identify the seismic demand a series of nonlinear dynamic analysis are conducted. Finally by considering various mechanical and geometric parameters of masonry walls and numerous accelerograms, the fragility curves with assuming a log normal distribution of data are derived based on capacity and demand of building structures in a probabilistic approach.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.197-214
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• 2010

The paper presents a methodology for developing earthquake damage and loss scenarios for urban areas, as well as its application to two cities located in Mediterranean countries, Grevena (in Greece) and D$\ddot{u}$zce (in Turkey), that were struck by strong earthquakes in the recent past. After compiling the building inventory in each city, fragility curves were derived using a hybrid approach previously developed by the authors, and a series of seismic scenarios were derived based on microzonation studies that were specifically conducted for each city (see companion paper by Pitilakis et al.). The results obtained in terms of damage estimates, required restoration times and the associated costs are presented in a GIS environment. It is deemed that both the results obtained, and the overall methodology and tools developed, contribute towards the enhancement of seismic safety in the Mediterranean area (as well as other earthquake-prone regions), while they constitute a useful pre-earthquake decision-making tool for local authorities.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2023

The Finite Element (FE) modeling of Reinforced Concrete (RC) under seismic loading has a sensitive impact in terms of getting good contribution compared to experimental results. Several idealized model types for simulating the nonlinear response have been developed based on the plasticity distribution alone the model. The Continuum Models are the most used category of modeling, to understand the seismic behavior of structural elements in terms of their components, cracking patterns, hysteretic response, and failure mechanisms. However, the material modeling, contact and nonlinear analysis strategy are highly complex due to the joint operation of concrete and steel. This paper presents a numerical simulation of a chosen RC column under monotonic and cyclic loading using the FE Abaqus, to assessthe hysteretic response and failure mechanisms in the RC columns, where the perfect bonding option is used for the contact between concrete and steel. While results of the numerical study under cyclic loading compared to experimental tests might be unsuccessful due to the lack of bond-slip modeling. The monotonic loading shows a good estimation of the envelope response and deformation components. In addition, this work further demonstrates the advantage and efficiency of the damage distributions since the obtained damage distributions fit the expected results.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2020

Korean society experienced successive earthquakes exceeding 5.0 magnitude in the past three years resulting in an increasing concern about earthquake stability of urban infrastructures. This study focuses on the significant aspects of earthquake risk assessment for the cut-and-cover underground railway station based on two-dimensional dynamic numerical analysis. Presented are features from a case study performed for the railway station in Seoul, South Korea. The PLAXIS2D was employed for numerical simulation and input of the earthquake ground motion was chosen from Pohang earthquake records (M5.4). The paper shows key aspects of earthquake risk for soil-structure system varying important parameters including embedded depth, supported ground information, and applied seismicity level, and then draws several meaningful conclusions from the analysis results such as seismic risk assessment.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

지진하중에 의한 구조물의 손상 및 피해는 지진에 의한 동적 하중을 고려한 구조물의 내진설계의 도입을 통하여 저감시킬 수 있으며, 이 때 내진설계 도입으로 인한 구조물의 내진성능 향상 및 그에 필요한 비용을 동시에 고려하여 내진설계 도입의 적합성을 검증해야한다. 본 연구에서는 내진성능의 확률적 평가를 위해서 지진하중과 구조물 자체에 내재되어 있는 불확실성을 고려하여 빌딩구조물의 지진취약도를 작성하였으며 시뮬레이션의 효율성을 높이기 위한 Latin Hypercube 샘플링 기법을 도입하여 해석을 수행하였다. 내진 설계 도입의 필요성 검증을 위해서는 구조물의 물리적 내진성능 이외에도 구조물의 사회적, 경제적 기능 및 가치에 대한 고려가 필요하며 이러한 요소를 고려한 의사결정해석 절차를 등가비용모델의 예를 들어 제시하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

비정형 평면을 가진 건물의 추가적인 손상의 원인이 되는 비틀림과 비정형성의 척도인 편심과의 관계에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔으나 손상도와 편심의 직접적인 관계에 대한 연구는 수행된 적이 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 비정형 평면을 가진 건물의 복잡한 지진 응답에 적용할 수 있는 3차원 손상도 계수를 이용하여 건물의 손상도와 편심에 대한 정량적인 관계를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 건물의 편심이 커지면 최대변위는 줄어들지만 비틀림 거동이 증가하여, 손상의 집중으로 인해 전반적인 손상도 계수가 증가함이 관찰되었다. 또한, 2차원 주기가 비슷한 경우에는, 건물의 길이가 최대변위와 최대 비틀림에 미치는 영향이 작으며 이로 인해 전체 손상도 계수에도 그 영향이 미미한 것으로 관찰되었다. 해석 결과를 바탕으로 중약진 지역에서 편심의 크기가 10%, 20%, 30%인 단층 건물은 편심이 없는 건물에 비해서 각각 평균 3~5%, 13~18%, 33~47% 정도의 손상도 증가가 있을 것으로 분석하였다. 이와 같은 편심-손상도 관계는비정형 평면을 가진 건물의 내진 설계에 있어서 기본 구조 계획 수립과 내진 성능 평가에 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2024

지반운동의 입사방향 변화에 따라 구조물의 지진응답도 그 방향에 따라 변화할 것이다. 지반운동의 입사되는 방향에 따른 예제교량의 지진응답의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 다양한 입사각에 대하여 구한 1초 주기에 대응하는 가속도응답스펙트럼을 구하였다. 이를 이용하여 5가지 종류의 백분위수에 해당하는 1쌍의 직교하는 수평성분 지진파를 40세트 생성하였다. 지반운동의 입사방향에 따른 예제교량의 지진응답을 구하여 교각에 대한 지진취약도 해석을 수행하였다. 5가지 종류의 백분위수에 대응하는 지진파에 대한 지진취약도 해석을 분석하여 지진파의 입사방향에 따라서 지진취약도 곡선의 중앙값이 약 1.2~2.6배 정도 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다. 다시 말하면 지진파의 입사방향에 따라서 교량 구조물의 손상정도가 약 1.2~2.6배 정도 차이가 날 수 있음을 의미한다.