• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.442-451
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• 2008

The evaluation of field degree of consolidation on soft clays has been an important problem in geotechnical areas. Monitoring either settlements or pore water pressures has been widely applied in the filed, but occasionally they have some problems. This study addresses the suggestion and application of another method for evaluating the degree of consolidation using shear wave velocities. A research site where soft clay layers were consolidated by surcharging loads was chosen. Laboratory tests were performed to determine the relation between shear wave velocity and effective stress. Field seismic tests were conducted several times during the consolidation of the clay layers. The tests results show that the shear wave velocity increased significantly as clays consolidated. The shear wave velocities at each field stress states were derived from the laboratory results and the degree of consolidation was evaluated by comparing the shear wave velocities obtained by laboratory and field seismic methods. In most stress states, the degree of consolidation evaluated using the shear wave velocity matched well with that obtained from field settlement record, showing the potential of applying the method using shear waves in the evaluation of field degree of consolidation on soft clay deposits.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.777-784
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• 2010

In the current Korean seismic design guide, the site classification and the corresponding site coefficients were determined based on the UBC-1997 (Uniform Building Code). In order to develop the current site classification system, it is important to compare the local site conditions in Korea to other countries which have similar seismic design guides. In the eastern United States, New York City(40degrees 45minutes north latitude, 73degrees 59minutes west longitude) suggested that current design guidelines are unsuitable to shallow bedrock depth sites. So the 3-parameter methods are performed for new criteria in New York City. In this study, site response analyses were performed at 181 study sites using one-dimensional equivalent linear to evaluate the site-specific earthquake ground motions at inland areas in the Korean peninsula and reclassify the results according to similar ground motions using the 3-parameter methods. It is effective that multi-parameter methods for Korean site characteristics in comparison with single parameter method.

• 지질공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 1995

한반도의 계기지진 자료를 이용하여 확률론적 지진위험분포를 계산하였다. 이 목적을 위하여 여러 자료를 수집, 검토하여 통일성과 균질성을 갖도록 지진요소들을 재조정한 1905년 이래의 계기지진 목록을 작성하였다. 한반도에서 100년, 1000년, 4000년 동안에 발생가능한 최대 잠재지진의 규모는 극한치 이론을 적용하여 계산할 때 각각 6.3, 7.2, 7.8로 나타난다. 한편 100년, 1000년에 기대되는 최대지반가속도를 재래주기법으로 계산하여, 등치선도를 작성, 제시하였다. 또한 수개의 인구밀집지역에 대해서는 최대 가속도가 발생확률의 함수로 나타나는 지진재해예상곡선이 작성되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.559-578
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• 2011

In regions of high seismic risk, high-strength concrete (HSC) columns of tall buildings are designed to be fully ductile during earthquake attack by providing substantial amount of confining steel within the critical region. However. in areas of low to moderate seismic risk, the same provision of confining steel is too conservative because of the reduced seismic demand. More critically, it causes problematic steel congestion in the beam-column joints and column critical region. This will eventually affect the quality of concrete placing owing to blockage. To relieve the problem, the confining steel in the critical region of HSC columns located in low to moderate seismicity regions can be suitably reduced, while maintaining a limited ductility level. Despite the advantage, there are still no guidelines developed for designing limited ductility HSC columns. In this paper, a formula for designing limited ductility HSC columns is presented. The validity of the formula was verified by testing half-scale HSC columns subjected to combined high-axial load and flexure, in which the confining steel was provided as per the proposed formula. From the test results, it is evident that the curvature ductility factors obtained for all these columns were about 10, which is the generally accepted level of limited ductility.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 역강성법을 비좌굴 가새골조시스템의 내진설계에 적용하여 목표 변위를 만족시키는 비좌굴 가새의 단면적을 산정하였으며, 기존 연구와 비교하여 타당성을 검토하였다. 본 설계 방법은 개념이 직관적이고 적용이 간편하며, 고차모드 고려가 가능하고 각 층의 연성도를 개별적으로 조절할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 각 모델에 본 설계법을 적용한 결과, 전반적으로 목표변위 증가에 따라 가새 단면적이 감소하지만 층수와 연성도의 증가에 따라 일부층에서 오히려 가새 단면적이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 항복 후 강성비의 변화가 단면적에 끼치는 영향은 가새의 항복 후 강성비가 작은 경우 더 민감한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2019

Rows of closely adjacent buildings with similar dynamic characteristics are common building arrangements in residential areas. In this paper, we present a vibration control strategy for the seismic protection of this kind of multibuilding systems. The proposed approach uses an advanced Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) computational procedure to carry out the integrated design of distributed multiactuation schemes that combine interbuilding linking devices with interstory actuators implemented at different levels of the buildings. The controller designs are formulated as static output-feedback H-infinity control problems that include the interstory drifts, interbuilding approachings and control efforts as controlled-output variables. The advantages of the LMI computational procedure are also exploited to design a fully-decentralized velocity-feedback controller, which can define a passive control system with high-performance characteristics. The main ideas are presented by means of a system of three adjacent five-story identical buildings, and a proper set of numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the behavior of the different control configurations. The obtained results indicate that interstory-interbuilding multiactuation schemes can be used to design effective vibration control systems for adjacent buildings with similar dynamic characteristics. Specifically, this kind of control systems is able to mitigate the vibrational response of the individual buildings while maintaining reduced levels of pounding risk.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.411-426
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• 2023

Soft clay is widely distributed in the southeast coastal areas of China. Many large underground structures, such as subway stations and underground pipe corridors, are shallow buried in the soft clay foundation, so the dynamic characteristics of the soft clay must be considered to the seismic design of underground structures. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of saturated soft clay in Shanghai under the bidirectional excitation for earthquake loading are studied by dynamic triaxial tests, comparing the backbone curve and hysteretic curve of the saturated soft clay under different confining pressures with those under different vibration frequencies. Considering the coupling effects of the confining pressure and the vibration frequency, a fitting model of the maximum dynamic shear modulus was proposed by the multiple linear regression method. The M-D model was used to fit the variations of the dynamic shear modulus ratio with the shear strain. Based on the Chen model and the Park model, the effects of the consolidation confining pressure and the vibration frequency on the damping ratio were studied. The results can provide a reference to the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in soft clay area.

• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

미국 멕시코만 Main Pass해역의 심부 다중탄성파단면도를 해석하여 이 지역의 층서와 퇴적사에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 탄성파단면을 이용한 구조해석을 통하여 기반암과 과거의 대륙붕단 위치에 대한 새로운 정보를 밝힐 수 있었다. 기반암은 미시시피 대륙붕의 탄성파 측선 LSU-1 북단에서 $7.5{\cal}Km$ 깊이에 존재함이 밝혀졌다. 또한, 쥬라기 -백악기 초기에는 대륙붕단이 거의 같은 지점에 위치하였으나 신생대 올리고세에는 그보다 약 28 Km 대륙쪽에 위치함이 밝혀졌다. 중생대-신생대 퇴적층은 10개의 탄성파층서단위 (seismic stratigraphic sequence) 로 구분되며 , 멕시코만 주변의 다른 해역과 비교해볼 때 주된 광역부정합면은 중기 마이오세 (10.5 Ma), 중기올리고세 (30 Ma), 중기 백악기 (97 Ma) 와 쥬라기말 (131 Ma)에 형성되었음을 알 수 있다 연구해역은 퇴적사로 볼 때 3개의 현저한 시기로 나눌 수 있는바; (1)멕시코만 열림 -중기 백악기 사이의 천해퇴적 환경; (2)중기 백악기 -중기 올리고세 사이의 심해퇴적환경; (3)중기 을리고세 이후의 천해퇴적환경으로 구분된다. 멕시코만 북부해역에 위 치하는 Main Pdss해역과 동북부 해역에 위치하는 Destin Dome 지역에서 시추된 시추자료와 탄성파자료를 종합하여 해석한 결과 멕시코만 북부 퇴적분지가 후기백악기부터 육성기원의 쐐기 (wedge)형태로 발달되기 시작하였음을 알 수 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.207-232
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• 2011

The development of reliable earthquake mitigation plans and seismic risk management procedures can only be based on the establishment of comprehensive earthquake hazard and loss scenarios. Two cities, Grevena (Greece) and D$\ddot{u}$zce (Turkey), were used as case studies in order to apply a comprehensive methodology for the vulnerability and loss assessment of lifelines. The methodology has the following distinctive phases: detailed inventory, identification of the typology of each component and system, evaluation of the probabilistic seismic hazard, geotechnical zonation, ground response analysis and estimation of the spatial distribution of seismic motion for different seismic scenarios, vulnerability analysis of the exposed elements at risk. Estimating adequate earthquake scenarios for different mean return periods, and selecting appropriate vulnerability functions, expected damages of the water and waste water systems in D$\ddot{u}$zce and of the roadway network and waste water system of Grevena are estimated and discussed; comparisons with observed earthquake damages are also made in the case of D$\ddot{u}$zce, proving the reliability and the efficiency of the proposed methodology. The results of the present study constitute a sound basis for the development of efficient loss scenarios for lifelines and infrastructure facilities in seismic prone areas. The first part of this paper, concerning the estimation of the seismic ground motions, has been utilized in the companion paper by Kappos et al. (2010) in the same journal.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.159-177
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• 2009

The aim of this paper is to give a rigorous framework for the interpretation of limit analysis results including large displacements. The presentation is oriented towards unidimensional media (beams) but two-dimensional (plates) or three-dimensional media are also concerned. A single-degree-of-freedom system is first considered: it shows the basic phenomena of large displacement limit analysis or second-order limit analysis. The results are compared to those of a continuous system and the differences between both systems are discussed. Theoretical results are obtained using the kinematical approach of limit analysis. An admissible load-displacement plane is then defined, according to the yield design theory. The methodology used is applied to frame structures. The presented results are nevertheless different from those already published in the literature, as the virtual displacement field can be distinguished from the displacement field at collapse. The simplicity of large displacement limit analysis makes it attractive for practical engineering applications. The load-displacement upper bound can be used for instance in the optimal design of steel frames in seismic areas.