• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.781-790
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• 2011

The effects of seedtime and maturity stage on nutritive value of five maize stover varieties, including conventional maize (Kexiangyu 11, CM), fodder maize (Huqing 1, FM), high oil maize (Gaoyou 115, HOM), sweet maize (Kexiangtianyu 1, SM) and waxy maize (Kexiangluoyu 1, WM), were examined based on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and in situ incubation techniques. Maize stover was sampled at d 17 and d 30 after tasseling, and designated as maturity stage 1 and stage 2, respectively. The average dry matter (DM) organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and fiber contents were the greatest for HOM, SM and FM, respectively. CM had the highest in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. The highest ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) concentration in the incubation solution, and effective degradability of DM ($ED_{DM}$) and neutral detergent fiber ($ED_{NDF}$) were observed in SM. Advanced maturity stage increased (p<0.05) DM content, $ED_{DM}$ and $ED_{NDF}$, but decreased (p<0.05) OM and CP contents, and decreased (p<0.05) b and a+b values, IVOMD and molar proportion of valerate in the incubation solution for maize stover. Maize sown in summer had greater (p<0.05) OM content, but lower DM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content compared with maize sown in spring. Maize sown in summer had greater (p<0.001) IVOMD, $NH_3$-N concentration in the incubation solution and $ED_{NDF}$, but lower (p<0.01) ratio of acetate to propionate compared to maize sown in spring. The interaction effect of variety${\times}$seedtime was observed running through almost all chemical composition, in vitro gas production parameters and in situ DM and NDF degradability. The overall results suggested that SM had the highest nutrient quality, and also indicated the possibility of selecting maize variety and seedtime for the utilization of maize stover in ruminants.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.454-459
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• 2009

The secondary growth of garlic depreciates the quality of a bulb and, in the worse cases, makes it difficult to be used as a seed bulb due to many insertions of small cloves in the seed bulb. Therefore, the effect of soil temperature, seedtime, and fertilization rate on the secondary growth of the big bulbils of Namdo garlic has been examined. When we analyzed into the growth characteristics of big bulbils of Namdo garlic under different fertilizer application levels (50% increased fertilization, experimental fertilization and 50% decreased fertilization), the plant height, numbers of leaf, sheathe diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were the best in 50% increase of the test rate of fertilizer. The occurrence rates of secondary growth were 34.2% in 50% decrease of the test rate of fertilizer, 44.3% in the test rate, and 54.1% in 50% increase of the test rate of fertilizer. In other words, the occurrence rate of secondary growth increased by increasing the fertilization rate. While the average harvested bulb weight were 34.1g in 50% decrease of the test rate of fertilizer, 35.1g in the test rate of fertilizer, and 33.9g in 50% increase of the test rate of fertilizer, there were no changes in the number of cloves under different fertilization rates. As the correlation diagram between the soil temperature and occurrence of the secondary growth showed very high relation with 0.892~0.997, the secondary growth in cultivation of Namdo garlic big bulbils had considerably close correlation with the soil temperature. As the earlier the seedtime was, the growth of the above-groundparts including the plant height, numbers of leaf, and sheath diameter were the better. The averages of bulb weight were 36g in the mid September sowed seed bulb, 29.6g in the late September sowed seed bulb, and 27.9g in the early October sowed seed bulb. Overall, our results showed that the bulb size is dependent on the seedtime and the seedtime has no particular effects on the secondary growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 1996

To greatly decrease bolting rate and deterioration of root quality, seeds of Angelica gigas had sown and grown several month earlier than traditional seedtime. Roots were harvested in the middle of November in same year. Roots were devided to several parts such a fune root, secondary root, stele and cortex of main root. We ditermined and compared with the major constisuents contained in each parts of 1 and 2 year old roots. Among each parts of root, the amount of constituents in the fine root and cortex were much higher than those in stele of main root. Content of decursin and decursinol angelate was higher 6.5% in 2 year old root than 4.8% in 1 year old root and their component ratio showed 10:7.5 in 1 year old root and 10:6.0 in 2 year old root, respectively. But merits as a material of oriental medicine for 1 year old root that cultivated by early short-time growing seedling were generally acknowledged.

• Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.253-267
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• 1998

'Maek(麥)' which means a barley at present is used as a general name of the kinds of 'Maek(麥)' including barley, what, rye, and so on. However 'Maek(麥)' had meant a wheat when the letter of 'Maek(麥)' had been created at the beginning. And gradually 'Maek(麥)' has been used as a word for the both meaning of a wheat and barley, and now a days become a word only for the meaning of a barley. Therefore 'Mo-Maek' should be translated into 'a wheat and barley', although it is translated into only a barley. In Korea, according to 'Nong-ga-wol-ryung(農家月令)' of Ko, Sang-un(高尙顔) in 1619, the vernalization had been utilized practically 300 years earlier than the Western countries. It is based on a concept of the oriental medicine that a 'Maek(麥)' of the spring seedtime, which keeps the only warmth('Won-yeol-ji-ki(溫熱之氣) (陽氣)' during the growth period in spring-summer time, has less vigorous than a 'Maek(麥)' of the autumn seedtime, which keeps the cold, hot, warmth equally 'Yeol-won-yang-han-ji-ki(溫熱凉寒之氣) (陽氣+陰氣)' during the growth period in the four seasons. If a autumn seedtime barley but which is actually not sowed on time in autumn season is sowed in the spring after the treatment of cold condition (陰氣 autumn-winter condition) artificially, it would be avoided from the abnormal phenomenon that a barley could not come to fruition in case of non-treated seed. Thus as a result of this the agricultural productivity has been able to be improved. An barley is recommended as a food for Um-chung-ji-ki(陰淸之氣) to be served as Bo-myung-ji-ju(保命之主) to be Soyangin. And a wheat which is used as an ingredient of bread because of its expanding feature is a suitable food for Ho-san-ji-ki(呼散之氣) to be served as Bo-myung-ji-ju(保命之主)to the Taeumin.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

Ginger has been cultivated for thousands of years. It is very popular in the food industry as an additive to ginger ale, candies, pastries and cakes. The root has a strong, sweet scent. It contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, calcium, potassium, vitamin A. thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. In korea, farmers keep ginger roots into underground holes from the harvest time to the seedtime. They dig 6 meters under the ground and preserve the cultivated ginger roots. This study was conducted to evaluate the health hazards occurred in the underground storing places of ginger roots. Authors reviewed the accidents occurred in those places, therefore transported by the public emergency system in Seo-cheon city from Jan, 1 1996 to Dec, 31 1997. We could confirm 8 persons on transport records. Among them, 5 persons were due to poisoning, 3 persons were due to injuries. We would like to suggest that poisoning could be induced by hypoxia and injuries occurred from a fall into the underground hole. These should be prevented by the health education for farmers. And further investigations are needed to understand their magnitude and the pathogenic mechanisms.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2015

Italian ryegrass is generally cultivated by a winter forage in a paddy field, the harvest season overlaps with rice transplantion in some cases. In addition, farmers can miss the optimal seedtime for Italian ryegrass because of the rainy season. Therefore, this research was conducted between October 2012 and June 2013 in Kwangjin, Korea to examine the effect of spring-seeding on the yields and quality of Italian ryegrass for the determination of an alternative if the optimal seedtime is missed. This trial consists of four different seeding dates (15 February, 25 February, 5 March, and 15 March) and three varieties (Kowinmaster, Kowinearly, and Green farm). The Italian ryegrass varieties "Kowinmaster," "Kowinearly," and "Green farm" were sown on February 15. The heading date of each variety showed from May 12 to May 9 and interval time of five days but the Treatment of March 15 planting date showed three days interval. The Kowinmaster variety, planted on February 15, was 93.0 cm taller on March 15 with a height of 105.7 cm. The Kowinearly and Green farm varieties planted on February 15 were of a similar height on February 25 and received a poor lodging score when planted quickly. The dry matter (DM) yield of the Kowinearly planted on February 15 was high but that of Green farm was low at 6,609 kg/ha and a difference was not shown between the varieties. The DM yield was different for those varieties planted on February 15 and March 15 (P<0.05). The crude protein content (CPC) of those varieties planted on February 15 showed an average of 8.8%, while those that were planted on March 15 showed an average that was about 2.3% higher at 11.1%; furthermore, the latter also showed lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents, by 2.1% and 1.5%, respectively. The relative feed value was about 5.9% higher, depending on the seeding date, as well as being slower and showing less difference between the varieties. According to this study, Italian ryegrass planted in a paddy field of the southern region of Korea on February 25 will produce a high-quantity yield with nutritive value.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.419-435
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand meteorological and climatological factors that have influence on the garlic product in Seosan and Taean, and to analyze the economic value according to the use of climatical information data for garlic farmers. The climatological characteristics and trends in this area are analyzed using the meteorological data at the Seosan local meteorological agency from 1984 to 2013, the national statistical data for the product of garlic from 1989 to 2013, and the scenario data for climate change (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) for the period from 2001 to 2100. The results are as follows. First, the condition of lower temperature for garlic growth in winter season is satisfied with the mean air temperature. The wind speed are lower and stronger in Seosan and Taean than other garlic area. The suitable condition for the growth of northern type of garlic shows the decreasing trend in the accumulated precipitation in May. However, the area of growing the northern type garlic in the future is likely diminished because mean air temperature, accumulated precipitation, and mean wind speed are strong in the harvest time of garlic. Second, the seedtime of the northern and southern type of garlic using climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5, 8.5) in Seosan and Taean is getting late as time passes. and the harvest time gets faster, which indicates s that the period of garlic cultivation becomes shorter from 50 days to around 90 in the next 100 years. Third, the beginning days of white rot and delia platura of garlic are estimated by applying to the meteorological algorithm using mean air temperature and soil humidity. Especially, the beginning day of white rot garlic is shown to be faster according to the scenarios of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Fourth, the product of garlic (kg/10a) shows a high correlation with the minimum air temperature of a wintering time, the mean wind speed of a wintering time, the accumulated precipitation of a corpulent time, and the mean relative humidity of corpulent time of garlic. On the other hand, the analysis of garlic product when using the meteorological information data in cultivating garlic in Seosan and Taean reveals that the economic value increases up to 9% in total.