• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.434-443
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• 2011

A large scale seeding system was stable in terms of techniques but a convenient seeding system of small size was unsettled. This study was performed to develop a semi-automatic seeder for small and medium sized scale farm. To investigate optimum needle diameter and vacuum pressure was used vacuum suction needle seeder. Although the needle diameter according to the kinds of seed was different, the needle diameter for salvia and lettuce seed was suitable for 0.34 mm needle nozzle and 0.4 mm taper nozzle. The prototype consisted a seeding frame attached with needle nozzle, seed hopper, vibrating device, seeding part, vacuum ejector, seed tube etc.. As the result with the experiments, the seeding rate of the seeder was 92% and more at 0.34 mm diameter needle nozzle and 0.4 mm taper nozzle. Eccentric weight for seed hopper vibration was suitable that weight is 11 g and eccentric distance is 0.5 mm. Vibration acceleration of upward direction was 0.363 m/$s^2$. Working capacity of the seeder was possible 160 trays per hour. It was possible for sowing small seeds but it was required to make compact and simple model.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

A study was conducted to dectermine the days with optimum soil moisture after drainage or rain for machine workability and seeding establishment on dry seeding in paddy soils(Jeon buk Series, Haplaquepts). The results are summarized as follows. 1. The possible days of tractor-rotary plough were 5days or more for non-mole hole plot(control). The possible days were 2~4days and the optimum days were 5~6days for mole hale plat. 2. The ratio of soil clod(<1cm) was 1 % and 15% for control and mole hole plats, respectively. The optimum soil moisture range for seeding establishment was 31~32% in this soils. 3. The possible days of combine harvesting work were 9days and 5days after drainage for control and mole hole plots, respectively. 4. Soil physical properties were improved but soil organic matter calcium and magnesium in the soil were decreased in the mole hole plats. 5. Yield was 415kg/10a at seeding after 6day drainage in control and 440kg/10a at seeding after 4day drainage in the mole plots.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.320-327
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• 1990

Experiments were conducted to investigate the method to raise seedling establishment rate and the optimum seeding dates and rates in direct seeding culture using transplanter under submerged field condition in Chuncheon area during 1986 to 1988. Direct seeding on submerged field using transplanting machine after sowing on seedling growing box contained with paddy or upland soil was possible. Higher rate of seedling establishment was obtained in case of sowing sprouted seed and intermittent irrigation after sowing. Seedling establishment rate was higher both in April 30 or May 10 seeding plot. Minimum daily average air and soil temperature to ensure more than 70 percent seedling establishment was 14.8$^{\circ}C$ and 16.3$^{\circ}C$ respectively. Optimum sowing date in the direct sowing was early May and optimum sowing rate was 200g per box, 6kg per l0a. In this case rice grain yield was 481kg per l0a and this is almost same yield level compared hand and machine transplanting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

Direct seeding of rice is a time- and laborsaving method, compared to machine transplanting. However, the area planted to direct-seeded rice is decreasing because of instability of seedling establishment, lodging, occurrence of weedy rice, and deterioration of grain quality. A newly developed wet-hill-seeding of rice, a type of direct seeding method, has shown features of growth similar to machine transplanted rice. This study was carried out to compare tillering pattern, heading characteristics and grain filling traits between transplanting and wet-hill-seeding in rice. Tillering of wet-hill-seeded rice was more vigorous than that of transplanted rice showing maximum tiller number 30~100% higher than transplanted rice. Wet-hill seeded rice showed later heading and shorter heading duration than transplanted rice. To find out the relationship between heading characteristics and grain filling traits, every panicle was tagged for flowering date, and the panicles on each heading date were inspected for grain filling traits. Wet-hill seeded rice and transplanted rice exhibited no significant difference in culm length, panicle length, the percentage of grain filling and perfect brown rice on each heading date during total heading period. Therefore, we conclude that wet-hill-seeding method is not inferior to machine transplanting in terms of seedling establishment, growth, grain filling and head rice yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.134-135
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 2005

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of the midsummer drainage times and some growth regulators on lodging characters, lodging and yield in puddled-soil drill seeding in rice. Dongjinbyeo, the mid-late maturing rice variety was seeded at May 11 by seeding machine with 4cm of furrow depth. Experimental plots were divided two main treatment without midsummer drain and two time drains (30 and 50 days after seeding), Inabenfide(IBF) was applied 40days before heading(DBH) and IBP was applied at 30DBH, respectively. Culm length was shorten, the wall of N$_4$ was thicken, and the breaking weight was increased at two time drainage and growth regulators applied in order of Inabenfide, IBP, and Control. Lodging wasn't occurred at two time drainage but it was occurred at none drainage in the order of Control, IBP, and Inabenfide applied. Yield was higher at two time drainage compared with none drainage and higher in order of Inabenfide, IBP and Control in none drainage but wasn't significantly different among growth regulators applied in two time drainage. Therefore, two times midsummer soil drying is recommendable management method for puddled -soil drill seeding of rice. Rice, Direct seeding, Puddled-soil, Drill seeding, Midsummer drainage, Growth regulator, Lodging.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.286-294
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to determine the rice quality between slowlelease fertilizer(SRF) and conventional fertilizer (CF) with the amount of 100% and 80% under direct seeding on dry paddy field, respectively. In rice quality, the percentage of matured grain and immatured grain was higher in CF with machine transplanting than in SRF with direct seeding, and the less amount of fertilizer applied, the lower percentage of immatured grain was obtained. The percentage of carbohydrate showed the difference between CF and SRF, and higher at the level of 100% applicated than that of 80% application. The contents of fat and ash were higher in CF with less fertilizer, and there was no trend to different cultural methods but it was related to the amount of fertilizer in amylose content. The nitrogen and sodium content of milled rice was high in SRF under machine transplanting as well as direct seeding. Calcium and magnesium content showed high in direct seeding but there was not significantly difference between CF and SRF.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to compare the change of growth and canopy photosynthesis between transplanting and direct seeding on paddy surface in rice. Total tiller number by the early vegetative growth stage was significantly higher in the direct seeding flooded paddy surface, while it was reversed from later vegetative growth stage in terms of tillering ability per unit period. But total panicle number was higher in direct seeding on paddy surface. Leaf area index, nitrogen content in leaf blade and canopy photosynthetic ability at later vegetative growth stage were lower in direct seeding on flooded paddy surface than transplanting. Biological yield at harvest stge, leaf area index and conopy photosynthetic activity at heading stage were gradually increasing according to nitrogen level increased both transplanting and direct seeding on paddy surface. Leaf area index, canopy photosynthetic activity, however, were lower in direct seeding on paddy surface than transplanting in the same nitrogen level. Nitrogen content per unit leaf area was high in transplanting.