• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare seed viability among 42 species after ten years of storage in the midterm storage complex ($4^{\circ}C$, 30-40% RH) at the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) Korean genebank maintained by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea and to suggest the relative seed longevity and suitable monitoring intervals. The germination data from initial tests and after ten years of storage were compared to measure changes in viability during storage. The decline in seed viability varied greatly among seeds from -11.5% for Triticum sp. to 80% for melon. Coriander, crowndaisy, safflower, cosmos, Chinesebellflower, waxgourd, melon, castorbean, Welch-onion, hollyhock, wild barley, and tallfescue showed significant decreases in viability of 34.2%, 73.4%, 36.5%, 30.0%, 40.2%, 71.3%, 80.0%, 65.9%, 45.5%, 51.4%, 53.0%, and 33.5%, respectively. Gardenpea, soybean, perilla, onion, wild rice, Italian-ryegrass, and pepper showed a 15-30% decline in viability, while the viability of morningglory, adzukibean, maize, and Capsicum sp. decreased by 15% to 5%. Chicory, radish, Chinese-cabbage, bottlegourd, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, Cucurbita sp., groundnut, kidneybean, clubwheat, sesame, wheat, Triticum sp., rice, barley, orchardgrass, buckwheat, and wild tomato showed changes in viability of <5%. The changes in storage viability also varied within families. The wild types of rice and barley showed rapid viability loss and presented different aspects from cultivars. Since seed viability of species, classified as index 1 or 2, showed germination losses >15% after ten years of storage, a viability test should be conducted with five year intervals, while species with germination loss of <15% (in index 3 or 4) can be retested at ten year intervals.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 1998

Soybean is an important crop because its seed has very high protein relative to others. The quality of soy protein is limited by the concentration of the sulfur-containing amino acids in the amino acid profile. Among the supply of various forms of 0.4mM sulfur as S nutrition during seed fill. only 0.4mM L-methionine can inhibit ${\beta}$-subunit synthesis completely and produce the highest glycinin-containing seeds. Compared to 0.4mM sulfate control, seeds supplied by 0.4mM L-methionine have lower ${\alpha}$-, no ${\beta}$-subunit, and highly increased glycinin without altering total protein concentration. Supply of 0.2mM cystine (0.4mM S) did not affect the accumulative pattern of seed storage protein (SSP) subunits. In the supply of L-methionine, 0.2mM treatment showed higher glycinin in seeds but 0.05mM resulted in lower glycinin than tile sulfate control. The relative abundance of ${\alpha}^`$-subunit was not altered by any N or S nutrition. Under 5mM nitrogen, protein concentration was increased about 3-5% by substituting ammonia for nitrate during seed fill independent of nutrition. The increase resulted in the only increase of 7S protein, mainly ${\beta}$-subunit. Our data suggest that the regulatory system of SSP genes responds to the balance between N and S assimilates supplied from mother plant. and controls the di fferential synthesis of their subunits for the maximum protein accumulation in developing soybean seed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2004

The responses of soybean seeds were evaluated to accelerated aging and gamma irradiation with regard to germination, seed leakage, seed leachate component and dry weight of hypocotyl and primary root of the germinating seed. Accelerated aging significantly reduced the final germination rate while gamma irradiation increased the final germination rate. Furthermore, the interactive effects occurred that the final germination rate of 5-day aged seeds increased considerably in response to 4 Gy of gamma irradiation. The extent to which the electrolyte was leaked from the seeds (conductivity) was significantly affected by accelerated aging and showed a close negative correlation with the germination rate. Gamma irradiation, however, did not significantly affect the electrical conductivity of seed leachate. The accelerated aging significantly increased the concentrations of the particular electrolytes leaked from the seeds while the gamma irradiation did not affect those concentrations. Of the electrolytes leaked from the seeds, Ca and Mg showed relatively lower concentrations while K showed greater concentrations than others. Moreover, N and P showed similar responses to aging treatment. Aging treatment significantly affected dry weight (DW) of hypocotyls and primary root. Also, gamma irradiation decreased DW of hypocotyls and primary root, particularly for 8 Gy associated with 5 days aging treatment. The data were discussed in terms of the relationships of seed vigor with aging treatment and gamma irradiation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2005

A long-term study initiated in 1989 at San-born Field, Columbia, Missouri, was designed to evaluate the affect of environmental factors, nitrogen application, and crop rotation on soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed composition. Soybeans were grown as part of a four- year rotation which included corn (Zea maize L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Results from soil tests made prior to initiation of the study and subsequently every five years, were used to calculate application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium necessary for target yield of pursuant crops. In the experimental design, nitrogen was applied to one-half of the plot on which the non-leguminous crop, either corn or wheat was grown. Analysis of soybean seed by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy collected over an 11-year period revealed a linear increase in protein and decrease in oil content. Application of nitrogen fertilizer to non-leguminous crops did not have an apparent effect on total protein or oil content of subsequent soybean crop. Analysis of soybean seed proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in conjunction with computer­assisted densitometry revealed subtle changes in the accumulation of seed proteins. Immunoblot analysis using antibodies raised against the $\beta-subunit$ of $\beta-conglycinin$ showed a gradual increase in the accumulation of the 7S components during successive years of the experiment. A linear increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall was observed from the onset of data· collection. Higher temperatures during the growing season have been linked to increased protein and diminished oil content of soybean, thus changes observed in this study are possibly related to climatic conditions. However, crop rotation and subsequent changes in soil ecology may contribute to these observed changes in the seed composition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.796-804
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• 2022

The demand for Chelidonium majus L. subsp. asiaticum H. Hara is expected to increase due to its pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, an effective propagation system for this species has not yet been established. This study was conducted to analyze the seed dormancy and germination characteristics of C. majus L. subsp. asiaticum H. Hara native to Korea and establish a mass propagation system. The dormancy type was primarily classified by analyzing the general information of the collected seeds. The seed dormancy breaking was investigated by comparing the effects of cold stratification (0, 2, 4, 8, 10, or 12 weeks) with warm stratification (S, summer temperature, 25/15℃) and intermediate temperature stratification (A, autumn temperature, 15/10℃) of alternating temperature stratification (S12-A4 or S12-A8 weeks). After dormancy break, 500 mg/L GA₃ and GA₄₊₇ treatment replaced cold stratification and improved seed germination. The results of this study are expected to provide basic data for future seed propagation and mass propagation by analyzing the dormancy and germination characteristics of C. majus L. subsp. asiaticum H. Hara seeds.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2020

Eranthis stellata Maxim. is a perennial plant that grows around the valley. E. stellata is concerned about the decline in natural habitats due to climate change in KOREA, continues to be observed and protected as an endangered species (Least Concrned, LC). Nevertheless, studies on the characteristics of the seeds of E. stellata are insufficient. So, this study analyzed the morphological characteristics and dormancy types of seeds. Seeds of E. stellata was collected in April at Gyeongsangbuk-do Arboretum and kept at 5 ℃ until using. To investigate the morphology of seeds, an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used. GA3 treated or untreated seeds (4 replicates of 25 seeds each) were observed germination and embryo growth for 1 month at 5 ℃ and 25/15 ℃ (12h day/12h night). The seed surface of E. stellata, light brown, was observed as a common characteristic of Eranthis genus, reticulate. The short axis of seeds was 1.11~1.77mm (average 1.44mm), and the long axis was 1.27~1.91mm (average 1.63mm), which was investigated in a slightly round shape (subglose). While no germination was observed at all conditions, Embryo growth was observed at 5 ℃ both in the control group and with GA3treated groups. Thus, seeds of E. stellata are classified as morphological physiological dormancy (MDP), which requires embryonic development and dormant break at the same time. These results can be useful information for determining morphological physiological seed dormancy and germination, and will be an important basic data for seed propagation of E. stellata as a resource.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

The seed, the most basic component, is an important factor in increasing production and efficiency in agriculture. Seeds with superior genes can be expected to improve agricultural productivity, crop survival, and reproduction. Currently, however, screening of superior seeds depends mostly on manual work, which requires a lot of time and manpower. In this paper, we propose a system that can extract the characteristics of seed phenotypes by using computer image processing technology, so that even a small number of people and a short period of time are needed to extract the characteristics of seeds. The proposed system detects individual seeds from images containing large quantities of seeds, and extracts and stores various characteristics such as representative colors, area, perimeter and roundness for each individual seed. Due to the regularity of input images, the accuracy of individual seed extraction in the proposed system is 99.12% for soybean seeds and 99.76% for rice seeds. The extracted data will be used as basic data for various data analyses that reflect the opinions of experts in the future, and will be used as basic data to determine the expressive nature of each seed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2023

This study was conducted to identify seed inflow characteristics according to harvest typeand to provide basic data for developing a regeneration technology for secondary growth forests in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) succession forest formation by natural regeneration. Experimental sites were established by applying seed tree (single and group) and clear-cutting methods (10- 20- 30-m strip and 20- 30- 40-m patch). The seed inflow characteristics of the natural regeneration site were analyzed for 6 years from 2014. Most seeds were flowed to the regeneration stand from October to November. In years with good seed fructification, more than 80% were flowed in October. The average annual seed inflow by harvest type was highest in the seed tree area (296,000 seeds/ha/yr), followed by the 20-m patch clear-cutting area (291,000 seeds/ha/yr) and 10-m strip clear-cutting area (281,000 seeds/ha/yr). The distribution uniformity of seed inflow according to treatment was analyzed in the order of the 20-m strip clear-cutting area (52.2), 20-m patch clear-cutting area (52.9), and 10-m strip clear-cutting area (56.1). As a result, the 10-m strip and 20-m patch clear-cutting areas with relatively small harvest areas showed high seed inflow and distribution uniformity.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.254-262
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• 2014

KISStool is developed and established by KIGAM, in order to link and share the earthquake data easily with institutes related, this study includes the development of a KISStool program format and protocol supporting Kit. The Kit has functions such as transforming and sending a seismic data. The functions of the kit are implemented in modules, which are running on the realtime basis. The firmware is embedded into the Kit, which transforms the seismic data into the formats, miniSEED and QSCD20. These data are sent to KISStool program. We have confirmed the results of the data transforming, transmissions and storage functions are conducted normally, the speed of transmission shows same level when comparing with a standard system. We expect that the firmware developed in this study will have high usability not only for linking with KISStool program through being embedded into incompatible digitizers, but also for improving performance of older ones.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.3
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• pp.352-362
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• 2023

Harvest time is one of the most important determining factors of seed quality, especially for species that produce seeds over irregular and long-term periods, such as Larix kaempferi. A cone collection plan must be established to increase seed production efficiency and stable mass production. We investigated seed qualities such as seed efficiency, germination rate, and T₅₀ (germination speed), with 7 or 8 cone collection times at a clonal seed orchard of L. kaempferi in Chungju between 2021 and 2022. A multivariate analysis was then performed for the collected data. In early August, decreases in the moisture contents and browning of cones were observed. These were followed by a decrease in germination rate, with a peak at the end of September, but no clear trend was observed. The later the cones were harvested, the better the seed vigor (T₅₀). However, the seed yield and efficiency decreased owing to increases in seed scattering and the number of insect-damaged seeds. As a result, the optimal time of seed harvest for the seed orchard was in early August. To produce uniform seedlings, insect damage must be reduced through timely control and harvest cones in early September. This shows that the degree of browning and moisture content of cones can be used as indicators of the timing of cone collection in L. kaempferi seed orchards.