• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.201-203
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• 2004

A survey was conducted to determine the extent of intestinal parasite infection in Bat Dambang, Cambodia in March 2004. A total of 623 fecal specimens was collected from kindergarten and schoolchildren and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The overall infection rate of intestinal parasites was 25.7% (boys, 26.2%; girls, 25.1%), and the infection rates of intestinal helminthes by species were as follows: Echinostoma sp. 4.8%, hookworm 3.4%, Hymenolepis nana 1.3%, and Rhabditis sp. 1.3%. The infection rates of intestinal protozoa were; Entamoeba coli 4.8%, Giardia lamblia 2.9%, Iodamoeba butschlii 1.4%, Entamoeba polecki 1.1 %, and Entamoeba histolytica 0.8%. There were no egg positive cases of Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura. All children infected were treated with albendazole, praziquantel, or metronidazole according to parasite species. The results showed that intestinal parasites are highly endemic in Bat Dambang, Cambodia.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2016

Clonorchis sinensis is currently the most important parasite affecting public health problems in the Republic of Korea. We investigated the prevalence of C. sinensis infection among residents living along 5 major rivers in Korea. A total of 42,562 individual stool samples were collected from 37 localities and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Helminth eggs were detected in 4,052 (9.5%) residents and 3,586 (8.4%) were infected with C. sinensis. The egg positive rate of C. sinensis in Nakdong, Seomjin, Geum, Yeongsan, and Han River was 11.7%, 9.9%, 6.5%, 3.1%, and 1.0%, respectively. The overall prevalence of clonorchiasis by sex was 11.2% in males and 6.2% in females. The age-prevalence was the highest in the 50-59 years band. It has been reconfirmed that the endemicity of clonorchiasis is higher in southern areas of Korea, especially along Nakdong and Seomjin Rivers. A combination of continuous control programs with health education initiatives is urgently required in these highly endemic areas of clonorchiasis in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.703-713
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• 2016

This study documents the altitude of paleo-shoreline and formation age of the $1^{st}$ marine terrace emerged around Heunghae-eup Pohang City (South Korea). As a result, the $1^{st}$ terrace representing 10 m of the paleo-shoreline was formed at MIS 5c around 100,000 BP and was influenced repetitive sedimentation of sea-wave till regression of MIS 5a. The result is recognized as a definite truth for the $1^{st}$ terrace in the eastern coast of the Korean peninsula based on synthetic reviews of previous studies and cross-validation of absolute age data. Furthermore, this study deduces a sea stand at MIS 5c from the geomorphological contrast method, but precise determination of paleo-shoreline of the $2^{nd}$ terrace should be required to estimate that of MIS 5c.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.153-155
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• 2002

A survey was made to find the extent of intestinal parasite infection in Kampongcham, Cambodia in February 2002. A total of 251 fecal specimens were collected from Tonlebat primary school children and examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The overall infection rate of intestinal parasite was 54.2% (males, 57.3%; females, 50.8%). The infection rate of intestinal helminths by the species were as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides 26.3%, Echinostoma sp. 15.6%, hookworm 6.4%, Opisthorchis sp. 4.0%, Rhabditis sp. 2.4%, and Trichuris trichiura 0.4%. The infection rate of intestinal protozoa were as follows: E. coli 7.6%, G. lamblia 3.2%, I. butschlii 3.2%, and E. histolytica 0.8%. More than two different kinds of parasites were found in 16.7% of the stool samples. All the children infected were treated with albendazole, praziquantel and metronidazole according to parasite species. The results showed that intestinal parasites are highly endemic in this area.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2013

Large-scale coastal construction projects, such as land reclamation and dykes, were constructed from the late twentieth century in Yoobu-Do region. Land reclamation combined with the dynamics of tidal currents may have accelerated local sedimentation and erosion resulting in rapid reformation of coastal topography. This study presents the results of the topography changes around Yoobu-Do by large-scale coastal constructions using time-series waterline extraction technique of Landsat TM/ETM+ data acquired from 1998 to 2012. Furthermore, the Freeman-Durden decomposition was applied to fully polarimetric RADARSAT-2 SAR data in order to analyze the scattering mechanisms of the deposited surface. According to the case study, the deposition areas were over 4.5 $km^2$ and distributed in the east, northeast, and west of Yoobu-Do. In the eastern deposition area, it was found that the scattering mechanism was difference from other deposition areas possibly indicating that different types of soil were deposited.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.273-277
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the infection rate of gastro-intestinal tract parasites on acquired laboratory nonhuman primates, Vervet monkey, Cynomolgus monkey, and Rhesus monkey acquired from Japan and China. These monkeys have been acclimating at an individual housing condition after our legal quarantine period. We examined 133 fecal samples to investigate parasitic infection using direct smear and formalin-ether-sedimentation technique. As a result, total parasitic infection rate was 33.8% (n = 45/133) for all monkeys. Two species of macaques, cynomolgus and rhesus, were infected with Trichuris trichiura (4), Giardia lamblia (4) and Balantidium coli (41). Vervet monkeys, which had been controlled by individual housing system for a long time, were clear for parasitic infection. The protozoan, Balantidium coli was one of the most frequently detected in these monkey colonies. Double infection was noted in only 4 monkeys and involved with Trichuris trichiura and Balantidium coli. Serious clinical symptoms were not observed in the most of the infected monkeys, but the monkeys infected by Giardia lamblia showed intermittent or chronic watery diarrhea. Consequently, the prophylactic anthelmintic treatment and periodic monitoring are essential to preserve the SPF colonies in the laboratory facility.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Clonorchiasis and factors related to it among inhabitants of the area near the Sumjin River. Method: The data were collected from December 16, 2008 to January 10, 2009. Participants were 511 people who responded to a questionnaire. The formalinesther sedimentation technique was used to detect Clonorchiasis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test with the SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results: The prevalence of Clonorchiasis by stool examination was 21.3%. There were statistically significant differences in prevalence of Clonorchiasis by gender ($x^2$=5.71, p=0.017), habit of eating raw fish ($x^2$=13.26, p<0.001), and alcohol consumption ($x^2$=10.54, p=0.032). The mean score for knowledge on Clonorchiasis was 10.68 (range 0-17) and there was no significant difference between the Clonorchiasis positive group and Clonorchiasis negative group. There were statistically significant differences in intention to change their habits of eating raw fish between Clonorchiasis positive group and Clonorchiasis negative group ($x^2$=26.10, p<0.001). Clonorchiasis positive group's intention was lower than the others. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prevalence of Clonorchiasis still high among the inhabitants in near the Sumjim River. Therefore, an effective management program for Clonorchiasis should be developed and administered.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 1984

The present study was designed to elucidate the recent prevalence of the intestinal protozoa and to demonstrate the relationship on prevalence of the surveyed population with their academic career and living conditions. During the period from May to July 1981, total 2, 735 fecal specimens were collected from the inhabitants of 11 areas in Gyeong-gi Do(province) near by Seoul City, and 6 areas in Jeonra Bug Do, southwestern part of Korea. The samples were fixed with SAF solution and were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The results are summarised as follows: 1, Overall positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 11. l% : Gyeong-gi Do, 10.7%; Jeonra Bug Do, 11.7%. 2. Five species of intestinal protozoa were detected: Entamoeba histolytica 0.69% : Entamoeba cali 5.52%; Endolimax nana 2.71%, Giardia lamblia 2.23%; lodamoeba biitschlii 0.18%. 3. Highest positive rates among the examined areas were recognized: Incheon City of Gyeong-gi Do, 26.7%; Im-sil Gun(county) of Jeonra Bug Do, 19.9%. 4. By species, E. nana showed the highest prevalence rate (13.74%) in Incheon City, and E. histolytica (2.37%) and E. coli (9.95%) in Im-sil Gun. 5. Prevalence of E. histolytica in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. 6. No significant difference in the prevalence rate by sect and age was recognized, although the group under 10 years and over 60 years were lower than in other age groups. 7, The highest positive rate of E. histolytica was observed in pauper group and significant linearity of prevalence rate of E. histozytica by monthly income was observed. 8. The inhabitants who used conventional latrine showed higher prevalence, 11.5%, than the group of inhabitants who used modified privy. 9. Although no significant difference of positive rate was recognized by academic career, but the lowest prevalence rate was observed in college graduates. 10. Over half of the surveyed population, 64.8% has no experience on anthelmintic practice. Number of anthelmintic application resulted no difference in prevalence. In conclusion, prevalences of intestinal protozoa in Gyeong-gi Do and Jeonra Bug Do decreased remarkably in comparison with those of one decade before. However, economic level, academic career and anthelmintic administration seemed no essential reasons for such declination.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.579-582
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• 2017

To investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China, epidemiological surveys were conducted on a collaboration basis between the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Yanbian Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 8,396 (males 3,737 and females 4,659) stool samples were collected from 8 localities and examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique, and additionally examined with the cellotape anal swab to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs. The overall rate of intestinal parasites was 1.57%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was the highest (0.80%), followed by Entamoeba spp. (0.23%), heterophyid flukes (0.15%), Clonorchis sinensis (0.08%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.07%), hookworms (0.06%), Trichostrongylus spp. (0.06%), Giardia lamblia (0.04%), Paragonimus spp. (0.02%), Diphyllobothrium spp. (0.02%), Trichuris trichiura (0.02%). The prevalence by sex was similar, 1.58% (n=59) in males and 1.57% (n=73) in females. By the present study, it is partly revealed that the prevalences of intestinal parasite infections are relatively low among the inhabitants of Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2009

This study was carried out to assess water quality and to introduce the management measures for water quality improvement with the collected data from 87 agricultural reservoirs in Han river watershed. According to the water quality criteria (WQC) for lake based on the COD, TP, TN and chl.a concentration, 18, 16, 4 and 19 of 87 reservoirs exceed class IV, respectively. Based on the trophic state index (TSI) with chl.a concentration, 51 of selected reservoirs appeared to be eutrophic. Phosphorus was limiting nutrient on algal growth in 58 reservoirs. TP, chl.a and COD concentration in 23 of 49 agricultural reservoirs with chl.a concentration ${\geq}25{\mu}g/L$ and eutrophic exceed class IV by WQC. Also, the mean depth in 21 of 23 reservoirs was below 5m. Our results suggest that advanced wastewater treatment and crop land control in watershed of reservoirs with TP concentration ${\geq}0.1mg/L$ would be a effective tool to improve water quality. Dredging would to be effective measure in reservoirs with mean depth < 5 m and relatively old age. In reservoirs with chl.a concentration ${\geq}50{\mu}g/L$, application of technique such dissolved air flotation (DAF) and P inactivation be effective to improve water quality by removing particulate matters in water column. The management measure to control inflow such as sedimentation basin, Pre-dam and diversion would to be application in reservoirs with shallow depth, while large watershed and surface area.