• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2000

A recycling reactor system operated under sequential anoxic and oxic conditions for the treatment of swine wastewater has been developed, in which piggery slurry is fermentatively and aerobically treated and then part of the effluent is recycled to the pigsty. This system significantly removes offensive smells (at both the pigsty and the treatment plant), BOD and others, and may be cost effective for small-scale farms. The most dominant heterotrophic were, in order, Alcaligenes faecalis, Brevundimonas diminuta and Streptococcus sp., while lactic acid bacteria were dominantly observed in the anoxic tank. We propose a novel monitoring system for a recycling piggery slurry treatment system through the use of neural networks. In this study, we tried to model the treatment process for each tank in the system (influent, fermentation, aeration, first sedimentation and fourth sedimentation tanks) based upon the population densities of the heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria. Principal component analysis(PCA) was first applied to identify a relationship between input and output. The input would be microbial densities and the treatment parameters, such as population densities of heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria, suspended solids(SS), COD, NH$_4$(sup)+-N, ortho-phosphorus (o-P), and total-phosphorus (T-P). then multi-layer neural networks were employed to model the treatment process for each tank. PCA filtration of the input data as microbial densities was found to facilitate the modeling procedure for the system monitoring even with a relatively lower number of imput. Neural network independently trained for each treatment tank and their subsequent combined data analysis allowed a successful prediction of the treatment system for at least two days.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2009

The purpose of inlet baffle is to distribute the flow uniformly over the entire cross-sectional area of the sedimentation basin. The goal when designing this baffle is to achieve some head loss while keeping the velocity gradients through the ports equal to the velocity gradient in the end of the flocculator, so as to not break up the flocs. Sedimentation tank performance is strongly influenced by hydrodynamic and physical effects such as inlet design. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of open ratio of the inlet baffle on hydraulic behavior within a rectangular sedimentation basin using CFD simulation and ADV technique. In order to verify the CFD simulation, we measured the factual velocity at 18 points in the full-scale sedimentation basin at Y water treatment plant. Good agreement was obtained between the CFD predictions and the experimentally measured data. From the simulation results of the existing basin with 7.4 % open ratio, it was investigated that extreme decrease in velocity occurred in the middle of basin. Since then, flow features was unstable. The region which the velocity decrease rapidly moved forward to the flow direction in proportion to the increase of inflow velocity. Also, it was investigated that the flow characteristic of 6.0 % open ratio was significantly different from 7.4 % open ratio at the same configuration condition. These results are a clear indication that inflow momentum and open ratio are the parameters affecting the characteristics of hydraulic patterns. The influence of these parameters on the sedimentation performance requires further study.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of sedimentation basin omission when installed hybrid membrane filtration process in the field plant with the capacity of $500m^3/day$ for 11 months in the "G", water purification plant in Seoul. In order to evaluate the possibility of the sedimentation basin omission, we measured the change of DOC by coagulant dosage. Dosage of PAC(power activated carbon) 4mg/L and coagulant($AI_2O_3$ 10%) 1.67mg/L were compatible to meet the water quality. Also according to the experiment without settlement process, optimization G values were determined to be 300/s, 64/s, and 32/s at the mixing tank, the first flocculator and the second flocculator, respectively. The test was performed under the conditions PAC-coagulation-no settlement-MF. As a result, a dosage of 4.0mg/L as PAC and 0.86 to 1.22mg/L as $Al_2O_3$(10%) in the condition of flux of 62.5LMH were determined to keep TMP value less than $1.0kg_f/cm^2$.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2007

최근 환경부의 환경정책은 수질오염총량관리제도의 전국적인 확대를 앞두고 다양한 토지이용에서 발생되는 비점오염물질의 관리를 추진하고 있다. 이러한 환경정책의 변화와 함께 4대강 수계에 비점오염원 시범사업을 통해 다양한 비점오염저감시설의 효율평가 및 시설의 유지관리에 대하여 모니터링도 수행하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 한강수계에 설치된 비점오염 저감시설 중에서 전처리 시설로 설치되어 있는 침강지 또는 침사지 퇴적물의 물리화학적 성상을 연구함으로써 폐기물로써의 퇴적물 관리에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다. 일반적으로 비점저감시설의 전처리 시설로 사용되는 침강지는 일정한 체류시간을 제공함으로써 강우유출수내의 입자상 물질을 제거함과 동시에 비점저감시설 내의 여과재 및 침투재의 폐색을 예방하고자 설치되는 전처리 시설이다. 침강지 퇴적물의 물리화학적 특성 연구 결과에 의하면, 일반적으로 Zn과 Cd은 $75{\mu}m$이하의 퇴적물 입도분포에서 입자 표면적으로의 흡착농도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 중금속 부하량을 살펴본 결과, 입자의 크기가 $425-850{\mu}m$범위 일 경우 중금속 농도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 전체 중금속에 대한 분석 결과, Cu, Zn, Pb의 중금속 함량이 입도분포 $425-850{\mu}m$ 사이에서 30% 이상을 나타내었다. 중금속 중에서 다른 항목에 비하여 Cu, Pb 및 Zn의 함량이 높게 나타났는데, 이는 차량의 타이어와 엔진파트에 이러한 중금속이 많이 함유되어 있기 때문이다. 또한 본 연 구결과 침강지는 퇴적물의 퇴적과 함께 다양한 중금속의 제거가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2000

이 논문에서는 신경회로망을 이용하여 순환식 돈분처리 시스템의 실시간 모니터링을 궁극적으로 구현할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 즉 미생물 군집내의 개체군밀도에 따른 각 처리조(유입수, 발효조, 폭기조, 1차 침전조 및 4차 침전조)에서의 폐수처리 과정을 모델을 시도하였다. 측정 데이터에 대해 우선 principle component analysis(PCA) 분석을 적용하여 각 처리조에서의 입력(미생물 밀도와 처리요소)과 출력간의 상관관계를 파악하고, 각각의 처리조마다 독립된 신경회로망을 적용하여 폐수처리 과정을 모델링하였다. 신경회로망의 입력으로 현재 탱크에서의 미생물의 개체군밀도를 직접 이용하는 대신 PCA 분석 결과를 이용함으로써, 비교적 적은 수의 데이터로 효과적인 모니터링 시스템을 구현할 수 있었다. 즉 각 처리조별로 학습된 신경회로망들을 연결하여 분석한 결과 2일 동안의 폐수 처리 변화를 비교적 정확히 예측할 수 있었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 비용효율적인 인공습지의 설계를 위하여 초기 침강지 내 다양한 도류벽형태에 따른 인공습지의 사수역 및 입자상 물질의 제거효율을 전산유체역학(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)을 통해 연구하였다. 그 결과, 초기 침강지에서 도류벽의 형태는 유입 유속에 영향을 미치며, 침전률에도 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. $2{\mu}m$ 와 $5{\mu}m$와 같은 미세한 입자에서는 수평으로 설치한 도류벽에서 침전률이 높았으며, $10{\mu}m$와 $20{\mu}m$ 크기의 큰 입자는 수직형 도류벽에서도 높은 침전률을 나타내었다. 또한, 수직형 도류벽의 경우 좁은 면적에 침전이 집중적으로 이루어지기에 다른 형태에 비해 유지관리가 효율적일 것으로 판단되었다. 이에 인공습지의 설계 목적에 따라 가장 적절한 도류벽의 형태를 선정하여 설계해야 할 것으로 보여진다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.816-821
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• 2010

It has been achieved 109.1 kg/d of BOD reduction that is equivalent to the amount of BOD loading discharged from 21,880 persons and dramatic decrease of the fallout ratio against water quality of effluent, from 42% to 9%, through technical support on ISTPs to be applied by the ISMSGA at the upper area of Geongan river in Yong-In city. It was clearly revealed that the most efficient configuration for ISTP was a series of anaerobic tank, equalization basin, aerobic tank, sedimentation tank, and then effluent tank. Also, the major causes on the fallout ratio of ISTP resulted in the lack of management (67.5%) and imperfect facilities (32.5%). Then, when compared the quantity of water supply with the design capacity of ISTP, the design capacity was estimated as 1.8 or 2.4 folds larger than the real quantity of water supply so that it is essential to punctually consider the key factors such as an estimation methods, the specificity of commission operator and construction by high systematic technologies to improve the water quality for the future.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.663-671
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• 2016

Coagulation/precipitation process has been widely used for the removal of phosphate within domestic wastewater. Although Fe and Al are typical coagulants used for phosphate removal, these have some shortages such as color problem and low sedimentation velocity. In this study, both Fe and Al were used to overcome the shortages caused by using single one, and anionic polymer coagulant was additionally used to enhance sedimentation velocity of the precipitate formed. Batch experiments using a jar test were conducted with real wastewater, which was an effluent of the second sedimentation tank in domestic wastewater treatment plant. Response Surface Methodology was used to examine the responsibility of each parameter on phosphate removal as well as to optimize the dosage of the three coagulants. Economic analysis was also done on the basis of selling prices of the coagulants in the field. Phosphate removal efficiency of Fe(III) was 30% higher than those of Fe(II). Considering chemical price, optimum dosage for achieving residual phosphate concentration below 0.2 mg/L were determined to be 18.14 mg/L of Fe(III), 2.60 mg/L of Al, and 1.64 mg/L of polymer coagulant.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.659-667
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• 1998

In the present paper, batch and semi-continuous settling characteristics of a binary calcium carbonate-water system were investigated. Using experimental data of batch settling characteristics, a graphical analysis for a semi-continuous thickening column was developed and compared with experimental results on the basis of Kynch theory, only where the feed velocity line was within the limits of Kynch theorem III. The analysis showed good agreement with experiments. Quite erroneous results, however, was observed for the analysis of a sludge region on the underloaded operation, which was considered due to the deviation from the limits of theory.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2009

This study was initiated to improve the cooling water quality by chemical coagulation and sedimentation in steel mills. Due to the inefficient flocculation in the settling tanks of blast furnace cooling water systems, the solid particles in the cooling water overflow accumulate and clog the cooling system. To protect the cooling water system from such fouling, proper flocculants must be continuously used. Laboratory tests were performed for the indirect cooling water system of a plate mill. The batch test in the gas scrubbing cooling water system of a blast furnace showed that the proposed coagulant was more effective for the improvement of coagulation and sedimentation than the existing one. During the tests, cationic flocculants were more effective than use of only an anionic flocculant. The suggested combination of anionic and cationic flocculants can probably improve the turbidity removal efficiency of the cooling water. Proper control of the overflow rate by the designed residence time would help turbidity removal efficiency in the settling tank. In addition, the settling can be enhanced by adopting rapid and slow mixing alternatively. Scale problems in blast furnace cooling water system were reduced to some extent by efficient settling.