• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.500-509
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• 2021

This study investigated the characteristics of a macrobenthos community and sediment environment and assessed the health of tidal flats along the west coast of Korea. A survey was conducted from Ganghwa-do to Mokpo, Jeollanam-do in April (spring) and August (summer) 2017, and April (spring) 2018. The sediment grain sizes in the Chungcheongnam-do region were coarser, and the sediment in the Gyeonggi-do·Incheon, Jeollanam-do, and Jeollabuk-do regions were finer. A total of 140 macrobenthic species were collected from this study and using a cluster similarity analysis of the macrobenthos community, they were divided into four groups. Group2 was associated with Manila clam farm stations, and Ruditapes phillipinarum, Nephtys polybranchia and Lumbrineris nipponica were dominant. Group4 included some sites with finer sediment composed relatively, and Eteone longa and Nemertea unid. appeared at a high frequency. From the health assessment of the western tidal flat, the ISEP and BHI indices had a "High status," and the AMBI index had a "Good status." In conclusion, the tidal flats along the west coast of Korea have good ecological health. However, pollution indicator species such as Theora lata and Capitella capitata have appeared in some areas. Therefore, periodic administration and interventions are necessary to prevent deterioration of the tidal flat environment.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.4 s.118
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• pp.450-461
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• 2006

In this study, sorption kinetics of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) onto coastal sediments were investigated at pH 5.5 using laboratory batch adsorbers. Four different models: one-site mass transfer model (OSMTM), pseudo-first-order kinetic model (PFOKM) ,pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSOKM) and two compartment first-order kinetic model (TCFOKM) were used to analyze the sorption kinetics. As expected from the number of model parameters involved, the three-parameter TCFOKM was better than the two-parameter OSMTM, PFOKM and PSOKM in describing sorption kinetics of Pb and Cd onto sediments. Most sorption of Pb and Cd was rapidly completed within the first three hours, followed by slow sorption in the subsequent period of sorption. All models predicted that the sorbed amount at the apparent sorption ($q_{e,s}$) equilibria increased as the CEC and surface area of the sediments increased, regardless of initial spiking concentration ($C_0$) and heavy metal and the sediment type. The sorption rate constant ($k_s,\;hr^{-1}$) in OSMTM also increased as the CEC and BET surface area increased. The rate constant of pseudo-first-order sorption ($k_{p1,s},\;hr^{-1}$) in PFOKM were not correlated with sediment characteristics. The results of PSOKM analysis showed that the rate constant of pseudo-second-order sorption ($k_{p2,s},\;g\;mmol^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$) and the initial sorption rate ($v_{o,s},\;mg\;g^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$) were not correlated with sediment characteristics. The fast sorption fraction ($f_{1,s}$) in TCFOKM increased as CEC and BET surface increased regardless of initial aqueous phase concentrations. The sorption rate constant of fast fraction ($k_{1,s}=10^{0.1}-10^{1.0}\;hr^{-1}$) was much greater than that of slow sorption fraction ($k_{2,s}=10^{-2}-10^{-4}\;hr^{-1}$) respectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2009

To reveal conservation value of Sowhangbyungsan-neup among wetlands in Mt. Odae designated as a Ramsar convention site in 2008, ecological characteristics were investigated. The maximum depth of sediment was 86cm and average at central part was 56cm. Average pH of water was 5.8 and this indicates that this wetland has the characteristics between bog and fen. Average electron conductivity was $11{\mu}S$/cm, which is the lowest among Korean wetlands. Nutrient status was oligotrophic based on contents of cation, nitrate, ammonia, soluble reactive phosphorus in water. Out-flow of water was related with the 3 day cumulative precipitation. Soil texture was loam and nutrient level was very low. Vascular plants of 45 family, 95 genus, 121 species, 2 subspecies, 16 variety, 4 forma, total 121 taxa were recorded. Main plant communities on Sphagnum base were Osmunda cinnamomea community, Carex dispalata community and Carex curta community. The results indicated that this wetland has very different ecological characteristics than others in Korea and deserves conservation value well. Also, this study revealed that there is no evident threatening factor and this wetland will have characteristics of fen continuously in near future.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1E
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• pp.31-39
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• 2004

Backscattered underwater signals from multiple scatterers contain information regarding resolvable spatial distribution of scatterers. This experimental study describes the spectral characteristics of backscattered signal from multiple scatterers, which are regularly or randomly spaced, in terms of their amplitude and phase and a proper signal analysis that will eventually provide scatterer spacing estimation. Air-filled tubes suspended in water, steel balls and plastic tubes buried in the sediment are the multiple scatterers. The cepstrum and the spectral autocorrelation (SAC) methods were used to estimate the scatterer spacing from the backscattered signals. It was found that the SAC method could be improved by employing singular value decomposition (SVD) to extract the effective rank for the spectral components. Unlike the conventional method of estimating the density of scatterers within the insonified volume of water, this type of estimation method would provide better understanding of the spatial distribution of scatterers in the ocean.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.267-270
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• 2007

In order to reduce flood damage with debris flow, it is necessary to build up comprehensive flood control, including structural and non-structural countermeasures. In this paper, the decision making factors of individual refuge activities which are major non-structural activities to save peoples, lives against flood have been estimated based on questionnaire survey. Furthermore, in order to effective debris flow countermeasures, its simulation has carried out and it will useful for minimizing their damages.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2006

The present works concerns a side flushing device for the improvement of the conventional Electric-Discharge Machining(EDM) process. In the EDM process, chips are usually generated as the workpiece is removed, and deposited between the electrode and the workpiece. This sediment degrades the surface finish of the machined product as well as the processing efficiency. In the present study, a flushing device with additional side injection equipments is proposed in order to remove the deposited chips effectively. Through numerical simulations, the validity of the proposed device is verified, and the influence of process parameters is investigated. Experiments have been also carried out in the die sinking EDM process. It was observed that the process efficiency and the surface finish are improved by virtue of the proposed flushing device.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2073-2077
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• 2009

지구 온난화의 영향으로 생각되는 이상기온이 세계각지에서 발생하고 있고, 우리나라도 최근 몇 년 동안 각지에서 집중호우에 의한 재해가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 자연재해는 모든 분야에서 심각한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이중 산과 택지개발 및 도로공사 등에서 발생하는 토사는 하천, 저수지, 댐 및 하구를 빠르게 메우고 탁수환경을 지속시켜 수질악화와 오염원이 되며 저서생태계에 많은 영향을 미치고 있는 실정이다. 또한 토사는 농업용저수지와 수리구조물의 수명을 단축시키고, 하상을 높여 흐름을 방해하거나 변화시켜 하천의 범람을 유도하기도 한다. 이와 같이 토사는 토사농도변화에 따라 인명피해와 재산피해를 초래하고 있어 그 특징을 다각도로 분석 파악할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 토사의 농도와 분광반사특성의 상호관계를 알아보기 위해 원격탐사(RS)기법을 이용하였다. 탁수환경을 분광복사계(Li-1800)를 이용하여 미리 제작한 2개의 수조(흑색, 백색) 안 토사(실트질, 모래질)의 농도를 변화시켜 반사값을 측정하였다. 측정된 반사값을 이용하여 토사농도에 따른 분광반사 특성을 파악하였고, 토사 정보를 추정하는데 유용한 파장영역에 대해 검토, 고찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.381-385
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• 1999

As an example of many possible applications of OSMI data, we present a method to detect red tides. In Korean waters, red tides usually occur in the South Sea where the turbidity is usually high due to strong tidal mixing in the shallow sea. The conventional case 1 chlorophyll algorithm cannot be applied since it cannot distinguish chlorophyll from SS (suspended sediments). In October 1998, a red tide outbreak occurred off the coast of Kunsan. We analyzed the SeaWiFS data of the outbreak. The standard SeaWiFS chlorophyll algorithm OC2 was poor in identifying the red tides. However, comparison of spectra of normalized water-leaving radiance indicates that red tide pixels can be distinguished from sediment-laden pixels. Channel 443 and 555 were effective in showing the spectral characteristics. We suggest K490 algorithm as an example in summarizing the information of the spectra and thereby in distinguishing the red tide pixels. Further development is desirable.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 2004

Soft shores are particularly vulnerable to human exploitation; however, they exhibit a variety of habitats which provide refuge for a diversity of flora and fauna. This study describes a survey of 13 soft shores in Hong Kong with information on species diversity, sediment characteristics, shore extent, pollution threat, degree of naturalness, linkage with other ecological habitats, and degree of social/economic importance. Data collected were subjected to multivariate statistical analyses, so as to identify shores that have significant ecological status and conservation value for management purposes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2015

Acoustic propagation in shallow water with changing environments is a major concern of navy. Temporal and spatial variability of acoustic propagation in the northern East China Sea (ECS) is studied, using the 11 years hydrographic data and the Bellhop acoustic model. Acoustic propagation in the northern ECS is highly variable due to extensive interaction of various ocean currents and boundaries. Seasonal variations of transmission loss (TL) with various source depths are highly affected by sharp gradient of sound speed and bottoms interaction. Especially, various bottom sediment types lead to severely degrading a waterborne propagation with bottom loss. In particular, the highly increased TL near the ocean front depends on the source position, and the direction of sound propagation.