• 농촌계획
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2004

In this paper, forestry area change effect on the soil erosion in Asan lake watershed was estimated. Temporal variations of land use in the study watershed were analyzed from Landsat-5 TM remote sensing images. Geographic Information System (GIS) combined with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to estimate the soil erosion of Asan lake watershed. Spatial data for each USLE factors was obtained from the Landsat-5 TM remote sensing images and 1/25,000 scale digital contour maps. Sediment yield to Asan lake was estimated by sediment delivery ratio and sediment accumulation in lake was estimated by trap efficiency. The estimation methods were validated for sediment accumulation in Asan lake. From the hydrographic survey from 1974 to 2003 for Asan lake, sediment accumulation was measured. The estimated accumulation sediment of 303,569ton/yr showed similar value with observed of 295,888ton/yr. From the validated estimation methods, the increasing amount of soil erosion when 1% of forest area in Asan lake watershed decreases was calculated from 12.91 to 1482.05ton/yr.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.80-89
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• 1998

Three cores were taken from the northwest Pacific Ocean (Shikoku Basin) to determine the accumulation rates of both biogenic and terrigeneous fractions since the last penultimate interglacial period. The sediment is characterized by large amounts of terrigenous materials with low biogenic fractions and intermittent volcanic-ash layers, suggesting a hemipelagic origin. Composition of major elements shows no significant differences among sites. Relatively small variation of TiO$_2$/Al$_2$O$_3$ ratios with respect to SiO$_2$ content is the strong evidence for the common origin of terrigenous materials. The fraction of biogenic carbonates varies from near 0% in ash layers to about 35%, with a gradual increase toward the south (St. 4 through St. 6 to St. 20). However, carbonate contents show step-wise increasing tendency from St. 4 through St. 6 to St. 20, which suggests a southward increase of carbonate production. The color reflectance indicates that the sediment of the southern sites contains relatively higher amounts of biogenic carbonates. The mass accumulation rate of terrigenous fractions during the glacial period was 2-3 times higher than that of interglacial period. This enhanced mass accumulation rate of terrigenous materials was concomitant with the high accumulation rate of biogenic fractions. The total sediment accumulation rate is considered as the most important factor controlling mass accumulation rates of the biogenic and terrigenous materials. The enhanced sediment accumulation during the glacial periods is interpreted as a consequence of climate-induced change in the supply of eolian dust from the Asian continent. Enhanced wind strength during the glacial time may have increased transportation of terrigenous materials to the ocean. Thus, variation of sediment accumulation is highly linked with climatic variations.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2005

Wetlands often function as a nutrient sink. It is well known that increased input of nutrient increases the primary productivity but it is not well understood what is the fate of produced biomass in wetland ecosystem. Water and sediment quality, decomposition rate of cellulose, and sediment accumulation rate in 11 montane marshes in northern Sierra Nevada, California were analyzed to trace the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus content in water on nutrient dynamics. Concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in water were in the range of 27 to 607, 8 to 73, and 6 to 109 ppb, respectively. Concentrations of ammonium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in water were the highest in Markleeville, which has been impacted by animal farming. Nitrate and SRP concentrations in water were the highest in Snow Creek, which has been impacted by human residence and a golf course. Cellulose decomposition rates ranged from 4 to 75 % per 90 days and the highest values were measured in Snow Creek. Concentrations of total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in sediment ranged from 8.0 to 42.8, 0.5 to 3.0, and 0.076 to 0.162 %, respectively. Accumulation rates of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fluctuated between 32.7 to 97.1, 2.4 to 9.0, and 0.08 to $1.14gm^{-2}yr{-1}$, respectively. Accumulation rates of carbon and nitrogen were highest in Markleeville and that of phosphorus was highest in Lake Van Norden. Correlation analysis showed that decay rate is correlated with ammonium, nitrate, and SRP in water. There was no correlation between element content in sediment and water quality. Nitrogen accumulation rate was correlated with ammonium in water. These results showed that element accumulation rates in montane wetland ecosystems are determined by decomposition rate rather than nutrient input. This study stresses a need for eco-physiological researches on the response of microbial community to increased nutrient input and environmental change because the microbial community is responsible for the decomposition process.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2002

The seasonal patterns of sediment supply were investigated during the period of June 1999 to June 2000 on a coastal foredune of Seungbong Island, Korea. Sediment supply was determined from measurements of geomorphic changes in the foredune and beach along six lines. Most sands were deposited on the dunefoot and foredune area during the winter and spring, from November to April. The largest amount of sands was deposited along the lines 5 and 6 near the sea-dike in the southern tip of the dune area. In general, the sand on the beach was gradually eroded in spring, summer and fall but deposited in winter. Total sediment accumulation over the study period was $484m^3$ for the foredune and $345m^3$ for the beach. The volume of the foredune increased in the winter and spring, whereas the volume of beach increased in the winter. Variation in sediment deposition appears to be controlled primarily by variations in the seasonal wind regime.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.134-143
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• 1996

Sediment cores were collected from one site each in Amursky and Ussuriysky Bays in the Peter the great Bay for $^{210}Pb$, org C, N, biogenic Si, ${\delta}^{13}$C and ${\delta}^{15}$N analysis to elucidate the processes of biogenic particulate matter accumulation and early diagenetic change in the upper sediment column. Biogeochemistry at the core sites of both bays shows differences in sedimentation rate, sediment mixing, and diagenetic processes of particulate biogenic matter. Sedimentary organic matter at the core sites in both bays appeared to be largely derived from marine origin. Sedimentation rates are 173 and 118 mg $cm^{-2}$ $yr^{-1}$(0.13 and 0.11 cm $yr^{-1}$) in Amursky and Ussuriysky Bays, respectively. The surface mixed layer in the core top was present in Amursky Bay but not in Ussuriysky Bay. At the core site in Amursky Bay, incorporation of biogenic particulate matter into the sediment from the overlying waters is 236, 19, 142 mmol $cm^{-2}$ $yr^{-1}$ for organic C, N, and biogenic Si, respectively. Of which about 70${\%}$ of organic C and biogenic Si are degraded within the upper 25 cm sediment and the rest are buried at 25 cm sediment horizon. At the core site in Ussuriysky Bay, incorporation of biogenic particulate matter into the sediment from overlying waters is 164, 18, 76 mmol $cm^{-2}$ $yr^{-1}$ for organic C, N, and biogenic Si, respectively. Of which less than 50${\%}$ of organic C and biogenic Si are degraded within the upper 25 cm sediment and the remainder are buried at 25 cm sediment horizon. This large difference of degradation of biogenic matter in the upper 25 cm sediment column appears to be resulted from the difference in sediment mixing rates between the two cores.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2009

Eleven lake sediment core samples were obtained and analyzed to develop a chronology using $^{137}Cs$ (in 1963) and two tephra layers (Ko-c2 in 1694 and Ta-a in 1739). Sedimentation rates estimated for the past ca 300 years in Lake Shirarutoro indicated that catchment development has influenced the shallowing process in the lake by increasing sediment production. The sediment yield under initial land-use development conditions for the first two periods was estimated as 514 tons $yr^{-1}$ from 1694 to 1739 and 542 tons $yr^{-1}$ from 1739~1963. The development of the Shirarutoro catchment intensified in the 1960s with deforestation and agriculture activity leading to an increased sediment yield of 1261 tons $yr^{-1}$ after 1963. The sediment yields after intensified land use development, such as forestry and agricultural development, were about 2 times higher than that under initial development conditions, leading to accelerated lake shallowing over the last ca 50 years. Sedimentation rates differed with location in the lake because of spatial variation in the sediment flux from the contributing rivers and their catchments. The sedimentation rates before 1963 were low in all sites except for one site close to the Shirarutoroetoro River. The sedimentation rate in 1739~1963 was accumulated mostly at the inflow of the Shirarutoroetoro River by sediment production associated with forestry for charcoal production and initial agricultural development. The sedimentation rate after 1963 increased. In particular, the southern zone of the lake near the conjunction with the Kushiro River had a high sedimentation rate, which is attributable to sediment inflow back from the Kushiro River during floods.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2008

When the wind power system is planned to construct, it is important to understand the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of sediment. Especially, If it is the seabed unconsolidated sediment, we need to experiment on sediment through seabed unconsolidated sediment test and sediment survey. Because the sediment's properties are different as its formation, accumulation and load, unconsolidated sediment is difficult to be expected to its behavior. So we can estimate suitability for mechanical material and decrease the uncertainty through seabed unconsolidated sediment test. Seabed unconsolidated sediment test can be experimented in laboratory or in-situ as purpose, in-situ condition, economic problem. In this study, we sampled the seabed unconsolidated sediment at offshore around Korea Maritime University and measured properties of sediment through the laboratory test, showed the effect on physical properties of seabed unconsolidated sediment when the wind power system is planned to construction.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.331-343
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• 2002

The southern tidal flat of Kanghwa Island with an area of approximately $90km^2$ is one of the biggest flats on the west coast of Korea. Surface sediments for sedimentary analyses were sampled at 83 stations in August 1997, September 1999 and August 2000. The very poorly-sorted mud sediments were predominant in the eastern part of the tidal flat, whereas the poorly-sorted sand-mud mixed sediments were dominant in the western part. The area of muddy sediment distribution diminished, but that of sandy mud sediment extended to southeastward tidal flat for three years. In the western part of tidal flat, deposition occurred during the period of spring to summer, whereas erosion occurred in winter. Sediment accumulation rates during three years indicated that the sediments deposited continuously in the eastern part of tidal flat, whereas eroded in the western part of tidal flat. Recently, construction of artificial structures such as new airport, island-connecting bridges and dikes near the tidal flat might change tidal current and river flow pattern. In order to reduce the ecological damage and to preserve tidal-flat environment, it is necessary to Investigate long-term impacts on sedimentary environment and ecology.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권6호
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• pp.669-675
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• 2009

본 연구는 산림유역 개발이 하천 출구의 토사 퇴적에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 토사 퇴적물에 함유된 세슘 농도를 분석하여 세슘총량과 토사 퇴적속도를 계산하였다. 세슘은 1954년 핵실험에 의해 최초 방출되었고, 토사의 입자에 흡착되어 퇴적하기 때문에 토사 퇴적물의 연대측정으로 이용되고 있다. 쿠시로습지유역의 대규모 산림은 1950년대 이후 농지로 개발되었고, 1954년 이후 하천 출구에서는 36~148 cm의 부유토사가 퇴적되었다. 세슘을 함유한 토사는 유역으로부터 유출되어 하천 출구에 퇴적하므로 하천 출구에서 세슘총량은 대조구보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 세슘총량은 토사 퇴적속도가 증가할수록 증가하였지만, 쿠쪼로강과 쿠시로강의 출구에서 세슘총량은 완만하게 증가하였다. 왜냐하면 쿠쪼로강과 쿠시로강에서 유로침식으로 발생한 토사는 세슘을 거의 포함하고 있지 않기 때문에 이들 하천 출구에서 토사퇴적은 증가하고 있었지만 세슘총량은 크게 증가하지 않았다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2012

해운대 연안의 계절별 퇴적물 분포와 연간 이동경향을 추정하기 위하여 2007년 6월, 10월, 12월, 2008년 3월과 6월의 총 5차례 표층퇴적물의 조직 변화를 관측하였으며 이차원 이동모델인 Gao and Collins(1992)의 모델을 적용하여 퇴적물의 이동경향을 파악하였다. 또한 침 퇴적 양상을 알아보기 위하여 2007년 2월, 5월, 8월과 12월의 수심자료를 이용하여 계절에 따른 수심변화를 파악하였다. 계절별 표층퇴적물 분포는 2007년 하계에서 추계 및 동계로 갈수록 동측, 미포항 전면에서 입도가 조립해지며 역질이나 암반층이 드러나는 환경으로 변하였으며, 미포항 전면에서 해수욕장 중앙으로 퇴적물 이동경향이 강하게 나타났고, 서측, 동백섬 전면은 입도가 세립해지며 사질과 니질의 퇴적상이 관측되었다. 퇴적물의 이동경향은 서측에서 해수욕장 방향으로의 이동이 감소하였다. 2007년 동계에서 2008년 춘계 및 하계로 갈수록 동측, 미포항 전면은 평균입도와 퇴적상의 세립화가 관측된 반면, 서측, 동백섬 전면의 평균입도와 퇴적상은 다시 조립해지는 경향이 관측되었다. 퇴적물의 이동경향은 동측, 미포항 전면에서 해수욕장 방향의 이동은 감소하고, 서측, 동백섬 전면에서 해수욕장 방향으로의 이동경향은 증가하였다. 해운대 연안의 침 퇴적변화는 2007년 춘계동안 동측, 미포항 전면에서 전반적인 퇴적이 진행되었으며 춘계에서 하계로 갈수록 전 해역에서 침식이 이루어졌다. 이는 연구기간동안 해역을 통과한 태풍 (마니, 우사기, 피토)의 영향으로 판단된다. 하계에서 동계로 갈수록 동측, 미포항 전면에서는 침식 및 유지가 관측되었으나 서측 동백섬 전면에서는 퇴적이 관측되었다. 결론적으로, 표층퇴적물의 침 퇴적변화와 이동경향은 춘계는 서에서 동으로 이동되어 동측, 미포항 전면에서 퇴적되며 태풍이 발생하는 하계는 연안 대부분에서 침식이 이루어지고 추계 및 동계는 동에서 서측으로 퇴적물 이동이 이루어져 서측, 동백섬 전면에서 퇴적이 진행되었다.