• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.436-442
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• 2011

An anthropometric survey is one of the most important approaches to use when evaluating the health status of children. Secular trends in body sizes, such as height, weight, head circumference, chest circumference, and body mass index showed significant changes over 40 years in Korea. A series of periodic surveys were conducted in 1967, 1975, 1985, 1997, and 2005 by the Korean Pediatric Society and Ministry of Health and Welfare. The quality of data from school health examinations and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey has improved, so we can use them now as resources for anthropometric analysis. The final height differences between 1965 and 1997 were 4.5 cm both in boys (168.9 cm in 1965; 173.4 cm in 1997) and girls (155.9 cm in 1965; 160.4 cm in 1997). The differences between 1997 and 2005 were 0.9 cm in boys (174.3cm in 2005) and 0.8 cm in girls (161.2 cm in 2005). There was no difference in final height measurements between 2005 and 2010. An increase in body size at earlier teen ages was pronounced during these decades compared to the previous generation; however, little change has been identified more recently. Body size has been increasing, and obesity has become more prevalent. Systems that gather data should be updated in order to cope with these secular trends. In an upcoming era of secular trends that would be in a slow transition, several surveys that include body measurements should be prepared to meet future needs.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure secular trends in health risk behaviors among middle and high school students in Korea between 2005 and 2009 by using data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey(KYRBS). Methods: The analyses were performed using data from the 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 KYRBS, which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. A total of 34 health behavior indices were used for the assessment of secular trends in health risk behaviors. Logistic regression models were used to identify statistically significant secular trends in health risk behaviors, after adjusting for gender and grade. Linear and higher-order time variables were simultaneously entered into the statistical models. Results: There was evidence of small, but statistically significant increasing or decreasing trends in certain health risk behaviors. Secular trends in health risk behaviors varied by gender. Conclusions: This study indicates that between 2005 and 2009, changes in health risk behaviors among Korean adolescents were generally small, but represented statistically significant increases or decreases. Further research should explore why certain health risk behaviors are increasing or decreasing and what types of interventions are most effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 1992

The objective of the study is to review the research materials for menarche including general characteristics of target population surveyed, mean age of subject, menarche experience rates of the subject and mean age at menarche, and to analyze secular trends of age at menarche in Korea from 1935 to 1992. The results of the study summarized as follows; 1. The range of age in the target pulation for menarcheal research was mainly 10-29 age groups, and most of them were middle, high school girls and college students. 2. There was positive relationship among mean age at menarche, level of menarche experiences rates and mean age of the subject(P<0.01). 3. In the relationship between the mean age at menarche and the level of menarche experience rate of the subject, the subject of study with higher menarche experience were more likely to be higher mean age at menarche than those with lower menarche experience rates. In case of menarcheal experience rates at 75-90 percent among the subject, the values of more and median were more close to the actual mean age at menarche under the assumption that all of the subject had experience menarche. 4. The trends of age at menarche during 1935-92 were linear decrement: Y = 85.93-0.036X in the whole country and Y = 91.35-0.039X in Seoul. The rates of secular diminution in age at menarche calculated to be about 4.3 months per decade in the nation-wide, and 4.6 months in Seoul during the periods. 5. To analyze the secular trends in menarcheal age, the researcher should set up criterians including the range of age in target population, the level of menarcheal experience rate and the regional characteristics.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 1996

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate secular trends in height, weight, obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 2006-2015. Methods: The study participants were 1,249,698 children and adolescents 6-17 years in age who participated in health examinations for school students supervised by Korean Ministry of Education and conducted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion in 2006-2015. Height and weight were measured unified procedures at each period. Obesity was defined as being 95th percentile of sex-specific body mass index(BMI) for age in the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts or $BMI{\geq}25$. Results: Between 2006 and 2015, the median of height and weight, BMI of Korean children and adolescents has increased significantly. The overall prevalence of obesity was 10.7%(boys 12.6%, girls 8.7%). In 2012-2015, the prevalence of obesity 12.2%(boys 14.1%, girls 10.2%), compared to 9.1%(boys 10.9%, 7.2%) in 2006-2008. The increase in obesity prevalence was statistically significant(p<0.05). The prevalence was highest in Gyeonggi area, lowest in Chungcheong area when compared to other regions(p<0.001). Conclusions: During the period 2006-2015, growth trends, prevalence of obesity among Korean children and adolescents increased significantly. Health promotion and intervention programs promoting healthy growth and development of Korean children and adolescents were need consider the demographic and regional characteristics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.261-268
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the time trends of waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio (WHR), and to present WC and WHR distributions with optimal WHR cutoff for abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from 13,257 children and adolescents (6,987 boys and 6,270 girls) aged 6-18 years who were included in the third to sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2005-2015). Linear regression analyses were used to identify secular changes in WC and WHR by age, sex, and KNHANES waves. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal WHR cutoff values for abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: The mean WC and WHR distributions from 2005 to 2015 showed no significant secular changes between the KNHANES 4 waves (P for trend ${\geq}0.05$ in all ages and both sexes). The mean WCs in the present study were lower than those in the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. The mean WHR at ages <13 years was statistically higher in the boys than in the girls, but did not significantly differ between the sexes among those aged 13 to 18 years. The optimal WHR cutoff for abdominal obesity was 0.48 (area under the curve, 0.985; 95% confidence interval, 0.985-0.985) in the 13- to 18-year-old adolescents. Conclusion: WC and WHR showed no secular changes over 10 years. The optimal WHR cutoff for abdominal obesity of 0.48 is useful for diagnosing and managing obesity and thus preventing obesity-related cardiometabolic complications in 13- to 18-year-old Korean adolescents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A number of studies examined secular trends in blood lipid profiles using time series data of national surveys whereas few studies investigated individual-level factors contributing to such trends. The present study aimed to examine secular trends in dietary and modifiable factors and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (HC) prevalence and evaluate their associations using time series data of nationwide surveys. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study included 41,073 Korean adults aged ≥ 30 years from the 2005, 2007-2009, 2010-2012, 2013-2015, and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to select significant factors associated with HC, which was defined as serum LDL cholesterol levels ≥130 mg/dL. RESULTS: The following factors showed a positive association with HC (P < 0.05): for men having higher body mass index (BMI), being married, having an office job, and consuming higher dairy and vegetable oil products; for women having higher age or BMI, having no job or a non-office job, not in a low-income household, and consuming higher dairy products. In the given model, the 2016 survey data showed that a 2 kg/㎡ reduction in BMI of obese persons resulted in a decreased HC prevalence from 30.8% to 29.3% among men and from 33.6% to 32.5% among women. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is suggested that primary prevention programs should advocate having proper BMI for Korean adults with a high-risk of HC. However, whether discouraging consumption of dairy and vegetable oil products can reduce HC prevalence warrants further studies with a prospective longitudinal design.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to identify the secular trend in age at menarche and to investigate the factors influence the early menarche(<12 years old) among Korean middle and high school girls. We analyzed data from the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey(KYRBWS) 2006-2014. This study was a descriptive study of 216,917 Korean middle and high school girls born between 1988 and 2002. Linear trends test performed to assess the trend age at menarche and percentage of early menarche. Multiple logistic regression analysis was to assess the risk factors influence the early menarche. Mean age at menarche decreased from $12.61{\pm}1.32$ years for middle and high school girls born 1988 to $11.88{\pm}0.75$ years for those born 2002(p for trends<.001). Percentage of early menarche increased from 19.7% to 25.2% between 1988 and 2002(p for trends<.001). Living in city, higher stress level, short sleep duration, and higher body mass index were associated with an early menarche among middle and high school girls(all p<.001). We found that age at menarche is still falling in the Korean adolescents, and it need intervention strategies to control the early menarche.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.459-465
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• 2001

As the developing of the perinatal medicine, the survival rate of preterm infants are increasing. Viceversa the children with cercbral palsy is increasing also compare to the developing of the perinatal medicine The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the preterm infants and the children with cerebral palsy and their domestic circumstance in 1980 and 1990. And would like to introduce the way how to handle the children with cerebral palsy

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5857-5863
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• 2012

Introduction: Mobile phones are in extensive use worldwide and concerns regarding their role in tumor formation were raised. Over the years multiple studies were published in order to investigate this issue using several approaches. The current study looks at secular trends of brain gliomas (low and high grade) incidence and changes in tumor's laterality over 30 years in a population extensively using this technology with a possible correlation to the spread of use of mobile phones. Materials and Methods: All brain gliomas that were diagnosed from 1980-2009 were included and subdivided into two groups - low and high grade. Secular and periodic time trend analyses of incidence rates and changes in laterality were performed. Preferred side of head using mobile phones was assessed with a questionnaire in a sample of adult individuals. Results: A decrease in incidence of low grade giomas (LGG) that correlated with introduction of mobile technology was found from 2.57, 2.34 and 2.79 for every 100,000 in the period 1980 to the end of 1994 to 1.72, 1.82 and 1.57, respectively, over the last three 5-years periods (1995-2009). High-grade glioma incidences increased significantly from 1980-2009 but in the period after mobile phones were introduced (1994-2009) a lower, non significant, rate of increase was observed in males and a lower one (significant) in females. A shift towards left sided tumor location for all adult gliomas combined and separately for LGG and HGG was noted from 1995 onward. The shift was more marked for those who were diagnosed in ages 20-49 (p=0.03). Conclusions: We found a statistically significant decrease in LGG's over 30-years period that correlates with introducing of mobile phones technology and a shift in laterality towards left-sided tumors, the latter occurred in both low and high-grade gliomas.