• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2016

Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) is a well-known degradation mechanism that attacks the secondary piping in nuclear power plants. Since the Surry Unit 2 event in 1986, most nuclear power plants have implemented management programs to deal with damages in carbon and low-alloy steel piping. Despite the utmost efforts, damage induced by FAC still occurs in power plants around the world. In order to predict FAC wear, some computer programs were developed such as CHECWORKS, CICERO, and COMSY. Various data need to be input to these programs; the chemical composition of secondary piping, flow operating conditions and piping geometries. CHECWORKS, developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), uses a geometry code to calculate geometry effects. Such a relatively simple geometry code is limited in acquiring the accuracy of FAC prediction. Recently, EPRI revisited the geometry code with the intention of updating it. In this study, numerical simulations were performed for two adjacent $90^{\circ}$ elbows and the results were analysed in terms of the proximity effect between the two adjacent elbows.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2015

The mannitol transporter Enzyme $II^{Mtl}$ of the bacterial phosphotransferase system has two cytoplasmic phosphoryl transfer domains $IIA^{Mtl}$ and $IIB^{Mtl}$. The two domains are linked by a flexible peptide linker in mesophilic bacterial strains, whereas they are expressed as separated domains in thermophilic strains. Here, we carried out backbone assignment of $IIA^{Mtl}$ from thermophilic Thermoanaerobacter Tencongensis using a suite of heteronuclear triple resonance NMR spectroscopy. We have completed 94% of the backbone assignment, and obtained secondary structural information based on torsion angles derived from the chemical shifts. $IIA^{Mtl}$ of Thermoanaerobacter Tencongensis is predicted to have six ${\beta}$ strands and six ${\alpha}$ helices, which is analogous to $IIA^{Mtl}$ of Escherichia coli.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2022

It is known that the fluidized bed incinerator, which is the subject of analysis, shows excellent performance in heat and mass transfer due to excellent mixing and contact performance between fluidized sand and fuel, and also shows relatively good combustion characteristics thanks to good mixing and long residence time for low-grade fuels. have. In this study, air flow analysis is performed to understand the characteristics of co-firing of sludge, waste oil and solid waste in the fluidized bed incinerator, flow characteristics of flue gas, and discharge characteristics of pollutants.The fluidized bed incinerator subject to analysis is a facility that incinerates factory waste and general household waste together with sludge, with a processing capacity of 32 tons/day. to be. In addition, the operation method was designed for continuous operation for 24 hours. As a result, it can be seen that the lower combustion air and the introduced secondary air are changed to a strong turbulence and swirl flow form and exit through the outlet while rotating inside the freeboard layer. The homogeneous one-way flow form before reaching the secondary air nozzle has very high diffusivity with the high-speed jet flow of the nozzle.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2132-2146
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 기존 유속계에 의한 측정이 어려운 점을 감안하여 나프탈렌 승 화법을 이용하여 열교환기 시스템의 한 모델인 원봉에 유한한 길이의 환상핀이 부착된 경우 환상핀과 원봉이 만나는 부분에서 와류들 특히 V2, V3등 구석와류가 물질전달을 증가시키는 구조에 대해 고찰한다. 이는 원봉 주위의 환상핀에 의한 대류 물질전달 에 영향을 줄수 있는 레이놀즈수, 환상핀의 크기에 따른 형상비, 그리고 경계층 두께, 배제 두께 등의 유동변수를 변화시켜 가며 물질전달률과의 관계를 규명하여 열교환기 설계의 기본자료를 제공한다. 또한 환상핀 사이의 원봉표면에 대한 전체물질전달률 을 측정하며, 환상핀에 인접한 곳에서 구석와류에 대한 환상핀의 끝 벽면 영향을 알아 보고 이를 근거로 하여 말굽와류의 3차원 박리 유동구조를 정성적으로 규명하고자 한 다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2010

This study investigates a design optimization of a rotating two-pass rectangular cooling channel with staggered arrays of pin-fins. The radial basis neural network method is used as an optimization technique with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer with shear stress transport turbulent model. The ratio of the diameter to height of the pin-fins and the ratio of the streamwise spacing between the pin-fins to height of the pin-fin are selected as design variables. The optimization problem has been defined as a minimization of the objective function, which is defined as a linear combination of heat transfer related term and friction loss related term with a weighting factor. Results are presented for streamlines, velocity vector fields, and contours of Nusselt numbers, friction coefficients, and turbulent kinetic energy. These results show how fluid flow in a two-pass square cooling channel evolves a converted secondary flows due to Coriolis force, staggered arrays of pin-fins, and a $180^{\circ}$ turn region. These results describe how the fluid flow affects surface heat transfer. The Coriolis force induces heat transfer discrepancy between leading and trailing surfaces, having higher Nusselt number on the leading surface in the second pass while having lower Nusselt number on the trailing surface. Dean vortices generated in $180^{\circ}$ turn region augment heat transfer in the turning region and in the upstream region of the second pass. As the result of optimization, in comparison with the reference geometry, thermal performance of the optimum geometry shows the improvement by 30.5%. Through the optimization, the diameter of pin-fin increased by 14.9% and the streamwise distance between pin-fins increased by 32.1%. And, the value of objective function decreased by 18.1%.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.104-104
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• 1999

The local heat transfer coefficient is experimentally investigated for the reflux condensation in a countercurrent flow between the steam-air mixture and the condensate. A single vertical tube has a geometry which is a length of 2.4m, inner diameter of 16.56mm and outer diameter of 19.05mm and is made of stainless steel. Air is used as a noncondensible gas. The secondary side is installed in the form of coolant block around vertical tube and the heat by primary condensation is transferred to the coolant water. The local temperatures are measured at 15 locations in the vertical direction and each location has 3 measurement points in the radial direction, which are installed at the tube center, at the outer wall and at the coolant side. In three different pressures, the 27 sets of data are obtained in the range of inlet steam flow rate 1.348 -3.282kg/hr, of inlet air mass fraction 11.8 -55.0%. The local heat transfer coefficient increases as the increase of inlet steam flow rate and decreases as the decrease of inlet air mass fraction. As an increase of the system pressure, the active condensing region is contracted and the heat transfer capability in this region is magnified. The empirical correlation is developed represented with the 165 sets of local heat transfer data. As a result, the Jacob number and film Reynolds number are dominant parameters to govern the local heat transfer coefficient. The rms error is 17. 7% between the results by the experiment and by the correlation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.3880-3886
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• 2011

The nucleophilic substitution reactions of diisopropyl thiophophinic chloride (3) with substituted anilines ($XC_6H_4NH_2$) and deuterated anilines ($XC_6H_4ND_2$) are investigated kinetically in acetonitrile at $65.0^{\circ}C$. The anilinolysis rate of 3 is rather slow to be rationalized by the conventional stereoelectronic effects. The obtained deuterium kinetic isotope effects (DKIEs; $k_H/k_D$) are secondary inverse ($k_H/k_D$ = 0.80-0.96). The anilinolyses of ten P=S systems in MeCN are reviewed on the basis of DKIEs and selectivity parameters to obtain systematic information on the DKIEs and mechanism for thiophosphoryl transfer reactions. The steric effects of the two ligands on reactivity, DKIEs, mechanism, and substituent effects of the nucleophile (X) on the DKIEs are discussed.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

Today, the proliferation of various mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablet PC, brought changes in the existing TV viewing behavior. People use smart devices as secondary device while watching TV. Researches on a wide range of services linked with second-screen devices around the smart TV in the home network have been actively conducted. While there exist several Web-related technologies for connections between devices, specialized techniques for a second screen service are quite insufficient. There are still some problems related to the display of contents from multiple devices and the efficient transfer of these contents. Considering the characteristics of broadcasting systems In this study, we focus on a second screen service that permits a dynamic transfer of contents by connecting a television (TV) with mobile devices. Here, we propose a second screen service model to enable the personalization of TV contents by combining the existing broadcasting and Web-related techniques.

• 천문학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

The orbital period changes of the W UMa eclipsing binary AU Ser are studied using the (O-C) method. We conclude that the period variation is due to mass transfer from the primary star to the secondary one at a very low and decreasing rate $dP/dt=-8.872{\times}10^{-8}$, superimposed on the sinusoidal variation due to a third body orbiting the binary with period $42.87{\pm}3.16$ years, orbital eccentricity $e=0.52{\pm}0.12$ and a longitude of periastron passage ${\omega}=133^{\circ}.7{\pm}15$. On studying the magnetic activity, we have concluded that the Applegate mechanism failed to describe the cycling variation of the (O-C) diagram of AU Ser.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1998년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.108-113
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• 1998

A numerical investigation for the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of the grooved evaporating tube with the films flowing down on both the inside and outside tube walls has been carried out. The condensation occurs along the outside wall while the evaporation takes place at the free surface of the inside film. The 3-D transport equations for momentum and energy are solved by using the FVM(Finite Volume Method). The free surface shape is tracked by the moving grid technique satisfying the SCL(Space Conservation Rule). Due to the secondary motion of the fluid, the film thins at the crest, while thickens at the valley. The velocity and temperature fields as well as the amounts of the condensed and evaporated mass have been successfully predicted for various operating conditions and groove shapes.