• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2009

Today, wastes of much quantity by fast industrialization and increase in population, population concentration etc. of modem society are increasing. Much oyster shell is breeding by character and conduct of oyster-industry for a long time among them. Oyster shell which breed by-product in oyster cultivating industry that specific gravity of domestic seashore cultivating industry is high is causing environmental problem by problem and so on hindrance, nature spectacle's waste and health hygiene on administration if it is pollution of district along the coast fishing ground, number of public ownership being stored in open area in seashore. About new material just-in-time through recycling and he of oyster shell by these problem wide that study. Go forward more and investigate special quality that is oyster shell's physical chemistry red in this research and oyster shell oyster shell which cause several environmental problems developing ability agricultural chemicals that use this encapsulating micro by ability carrier that is environmentally application possibility examine wish to.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.177-193
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to shed the light on one of the most important influential factors for the development the Palestinian economy, which is logistics system. The discussion about the Palestinian state and its economy arise after the UN General Assembly voted to grant Palestine a nonmember state. Palestine is considered land-locked country, although it has seashore. Although Palestine has seashore, it is considered land-locked country due to the lack of sovereign logistics infrastructure. International Trade with Israel, Jordan, and Egypt is done through land border crossings. Palestinian international trade to European, Asian, and American countries is currently done through Israeli airports and seaports. Almost 99% of the Palestinian imports are through land. Israeli policies and procedures incur Palestinian exports additional transportation costs when delivering their products to Israeli ports and Airport and even when transit these cargos to neighboring countries through Israeli controlled areas. Therefore, without direct access to international markets, the Palestinian economy will not be able to compete in international markets, and will continue its dependence on the Israeli economy. Considering that the current situation will continue, alternative routes for international trade to avoid using the Israeli ports are Aqaba Port in Jordan and Port Said in Egypt. In the long term, having a seaport and Airport in Gaza, Airport in the West Bank, and constructing the Corridor connecting Gaza and the West Bank, is the only solution capable for independently integrating the Palestinian economy with the region and other countries in the world, and therefore creating competitive advantage for the Palestinian exports.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.520-526
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• 2012

Along with the increase of demand of radio communication and with the rapid progress of communication systems, the radio frequency interference of neighbor nations is a matter of argue. This problem is a delicate matter which must be dealt with technical background. The radio interference has been experienced in the Korean TRS service on the south seashore due to the seashore base station in Japan. The radio interference problem between neighbor nations has become the matter of conflict. For the purpose to solve this problem, we has measured the radio waves that come from Japan mainly to Korea and also analyzed the radio interference.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.5
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• pp.59-64
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• 1985

The remarkable economic growth achived during 1960-1980 in Korea inevitablely demanded the expansion and maintenance of the harbors and their auxiliary seashore facilities. One of the most important elements in the basic besign for the expasion of a harbor and its auxiliary facilities is, of course, the proper determination of the design wave which reflects the major characteristics of the seashore under consideration. In this study, the parameters of significant waves for the industrial harbors on East Coast, Muck-Ho and Po-Hang, are first computed by means of computer programming using S.M.B and P.N.J methods, respectively. Then the design waves with the return periods of 5-200 years were estimated by frequency analysis of the significant waves. A comparison of the design waves with the observed wave data during the past 10 years made it possible to determine the optimum value of design wave at the two harbors. The important results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) It seems appropriate to take the design wave hieghts with the return period of 50 years at Muck-Ho and Po-Hang as 6.9 and 5.8 meters respectively. 2) It was found that for the determination of design waves on East Coast of Korean Peninsula P.N.J method works better than S.M.B method in predicting the significant wave, and the Log-Normal distribution fits best to the wave data which were put to frequency analysis.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.324-327
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• 2008

Stainless steels have been widely used as a building exterior materials in Asian countries for the last decade. It is required for the materials in this field to have an aesthetic appearance, a relatively high strength, and an excellent corrosion resistance. Other metallic materials such as copper, aluminum, and carbon steels have been also used as the exterior materials. Considering the cost of maintenance, stainless steel, having the outstanding corrosion resistance, is replacing other materials in the several parts in the building exteriors. Ferritic stainless steel has been applied as the roofing materials because its thermal expansion is much smaller than that of austenitic stainless steel. Therefore, it is suitable for the large-scale construction such as airport terminal, convention center, and football stadium. To improve the corrosion resistance of the ferritic stainless steels, the modification of alloy composition has been studied to develop new grade materials and the progress in the surface technology has been introduced. Corrosion properties of these materials were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field for longer than two years. High-Cr ferritic stainless steel showed excellent corrosion resistance to the atmospheric environments. In the region close to the sea, the corrosion resistance of high-Cr ferritic stainless steel was much superior to that of other materials, which may prove this steel to be the appropriate materials for the construction around seashore. In some of the large constructions around seashore in South Korea, high-Cr ferritic stainless steels have been used as the building exterior materials for six years.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 1983

Jeju-Do is a volcanic island of which climate is very warm and humid, but Opuntia lanceolata Haw, showing CAM metabolism is growing at Wolyung-Ri, Hanrim-Eup, Jeju-Do. Annual productivity of Opuntia was 696.47g/m2/yr and 533.47g/m2/yr at two populations on the seashore respectively and 414.92g/m2/yr on the basalt wall of a village. Stem area index was 13.74, 6.93, and 9.30 at each population which are higher values than average range of leaf area index. The standing crop was the highest at the second cladode from the cladode showed little difference at most chemical properties of P, K, Ca and Na. Total nitrogen contents were the most at the youngest cladode and the lest at the oldest one. Soils were infertile of which organic contents were 1.5% and 5.0% on the seaside and the basalt wall respectively. The soil on the basalt wall contained little water whose water contents were 0.9% and at seashore population 15.12% of water contents were. Furthermore high exchangeable Na contents in soil added waer deficiency.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2019-2021
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• 2005

This paper describes the cut off time and the current characteristics of virgin RCDs and deteriorated ones in the seashore. The RCDs(Residual Current Protective Devices) are used for protecting the human body from electrical shock and for preventing facility accidents. According to the Korean standards, the RCDs are installed in panel boards. When RCDs are installed outside, they must be enclosed inside waterproof cases. In the case that RCOs are employed at temporary power sites and electrical facilities on the road, they are exposed to the external environment. As a result, the RCDs deteriorated in the seashore for 3 months showed high failure rate, while the virgin RCDs all complied with Korean Standard. Considering that the RCDs are used under exposed condition outside, the reliance of RCDs must be ensured by modifying the related regulations and codes and by developing Improved models advanced in their performance.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 2002

About 12 rain gauge stations of Korea, annual maximum rainfall series of before and after 1980 whose durations are 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours respectively were composed and statistical characteristics of those time series were calculated and probability rainfall were estimated by L-moment frequency analysis method and compared each other in order to investigate the recent quantitative rainfall variations. And also, distribution curves of each statistical variations for each duration were constructed by using Kigging method to look into spacial rainfall variation aspects. As a result, We could confirm recent rainfall increase in the South Korea. And spatial increase pattern of standard deviation and frequency rainfall appeared analogously each other. 1n the cases of comparatively short rainfall duration, we could see relatively low increase or decrease tendency in Chungchong Province, Cholla-bukdo, Cholla-namdo eastern part, Kyongsang-namdo western part area. While, variations happened great1y in seaside district of east coast, southwest seashore, Inchon area etc. In the cases of longer durations relatively low increase was showed in southern seashore such as Yeosoo area and as distance recedes from this area, showed gradually augmented tendency. The aspect of mean looks similar tendency of above except that the variation rate of almost seaside district are big in the case of shorter durations. In addition, rainfall increases of short durations which became the center of hydrologist and meteorologist are unconfirmed in this study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1275-1283
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• 2022

Understanding soil microbial community structure in the Arctic is essential for predicting the impact of climate change on interactions between organisms living in polar environments. The hypothesis of the present study was that soil microbial communities and soil chemical characteristics would vary depending on their associated plant species and local environments in Arctic mature soils. We analyzed soil bacterial communities and soil chemical characteristics from soil without vegetation (bare soil) and rhizosphere soil of three Arctic plants (Cassiope tetragona [L.] D. Don, Dryas octopetala L. and Silene acaulis [L.] Jacq.) in different local environments (coal-mined site and seashore-adjacent site). We did not observe any clear differences in microbial community structure in samples belonging to different plant rhizospheres; however, samples from different environmental sites had distinct microbial community structure. The samples from coal-mined site had a relatively higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. On the other hand, Acidobacteria was more prevalent in seashore-adjacent samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria decreased toward higher soil pH, whereas that of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was positively correlated with soil pH. Our results suggest that soil bacterial community dissimilarity can be driven by spatial heterogeneity in deglaciated mature soil. Furthermore, these results indicate that soil microbial composition and relative abundance are more affected by soil pH, an abiotic factor, than plant species, a biotic factor.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2003

To evaluate the effects of slow release fertilizer and chemical dispersant on oil biodegradation, mesocosm studies were conducted on sand seashore. The rapid removal rates (85%) of aliphatic hydrocarbons and the simultaneous decreases of n-$C_{17}$/pristane (69%) and $n-C_{18}/phytane$ (61%) ratios by the addition of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) within 37 days of experiment indicated that SRF could enhance the oil degrading activity of indigenous microorganisms in sand mesocosm. Although the growth of heterotrophic bacteria and petroleumdegrading bacteria in the mesocosm treated with $Corexit 9527^{R}$ was stimulated, the biological oil removal based on the ratios of $Corexit 9527^{R}$ and $n-C_{18}/phytane$ was inhibited. Removal rates of aliphatic hydrocarbons (56%), and n-$C_{17}$/pristane (27%) and $n-C_{18}/phytane$ (17%) ratios by the addition of chemical dispersant $Corexit 9527^{R}$ were similar or lower than those values of control (50, 60, 46%), respectively. The biodegradation activity, however, when simultaneously treated with SRF and $Corexit 9527^{R}$, was not highly inhibited and even recovered after the elimination of chemical dispersant. From these results it could be concluded that the addition of SRF enhanced the oil removal rate in oligotrophic sand seashore and chemical dispersant possibly inhibit the oil biodegradation. Hence, in order to prevent the unrestrained usage of chemical dispersant in natural environments contaminated with oil, the National Contingency Plan of Oil Spill Response should be carefully revised in consideration of the application for bioremedaition techniques.