• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.25.1-25.12
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• 2021

Objectives: This study used micro-computed tomography (µCT) to compare voids and interfaces in single-cone obturation among AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) sealers and to determine the percentage of sealer contact at the dentin and gutta-percha (GP) interfaces. Materials and Methods: Fifteen single-rooted human teeth were shaped using ProTaper NEXT size X5 rotary files using 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Roots were obturated with a single-cone ProTaper NEXT GP point X5 with AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, or prototype S-PRG sealer (n = 5/group). Results: The volumes of GP, sealer, and voids were measured in the region of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-8 mm from the apex, using image analysis of sagittal µCT scans. GP volume percentages were: AH Plus (75.5%), EndoSequence BC (87.3%), and prototype S-PRG (94.4%). Sealer volume percentages were less: AH Plus (14.3%), EndoSequence BC (6.8%), and prototype S-PRG (4.6%). Void percentages were AH Plus (10.1%), EndoSequence BC (5.9%), and prototype S-PRG (1.0%). Dentin-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 82.4% ± 6.8%, 71.6% ± 25.3%, and 70.2% ± 9.4%, respectively. GP-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 65.6% ± 29.1%, 80.7% ± 25.8%, and 87.0% ± 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Prototype S-PRG sealer created a low-void obturation, similar to EndoSequence BC sealer with similar dentin-sealer contact (> 70%) and GP-sealer contact (> 80%). Prototype S-PRG sealer presented comparable filling quality to EndoSequence BC sealer.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1980

The author has studied comparatively the sealing quality of conventional Z.O.E. cement, Kerr sealer and Nogenol sealer by means of penetration of 2% methylene blue solution through the root apex of human teeth in 72 cases as time elapsed. The results were as follows; 1. All the specimens, whose dye immersion time is two days, showed dye penetration of low degree unrelated to the kinds of root canal sealer. 2. Kerr sealer group, like conventional Z.O.E. group, showed dye penetration of high degree related to increased time of immersion in the dye. 3. In Nogenol group, there was slight increase in penetration related to increased time of immersion in the dye. 4. Kerr sealer group showed comparatively lower grade of dye penetration than conventional Z.O.E. and higher than Nogenel sealer.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 근관 세척법이 두 가지 근관 충전재 (Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer, Resilon/Epiphany sealer)의 근관 상아질과의 접착에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 총 30개의 발거된 상악 전치를 각각 5개씩 6개의 군으로 분류하여 근관 성형을 하고 마지막 세척을 다음과 같이 시행한 후 G1, G2, G3 군은 Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer로, R1, R2, R3 군은 Resilon/Epiphany sealer로 근관 충전하였다. G1, R1군 : 5.25% NaOCl 세척 G2, R2군 : 5.25% NaOCl 세척 후 sterile saline세척 G3, R3군 : 5.25% NaOCl 세척 후 17% EDTA, sterile saline 순으로 세척 각 군의 충전된 치아를 아크릴 레진에 매몰하고 약 1 mm두께로 절단한 후 만능 물성 시험기상에서 push-out bond strength를 측정하였고 실험 후 파절 양상을 Image-analyzing microscope으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer 충전군에서 Resilon/Epiphany sealer 충전군보다 push-out bond strength가 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 2. Resilon/Epiphany sealer 충전군 중 17% EDTA, sterile saline순으로 세척시 5.25% NaOCl 세척에 비해 push-out bond strength가 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 3. 파절 양상을 분석시 모든 군은 접착성과 혼합성 파절 양상을 나타내었고, G1, G2, R1 군은 응집성 파절 양상이 나타나지 않았으며, Resilon/Epiphany sealer 충전군은 Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer 충전군에 비해 응집성과 혼합성 파절 양상이 더 높은 비율로 나타났다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.38-48
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• 1989

이 연구의 목적은 연화 gutta-percha 주입 근관충전법에서 효과적인 근관폐쇄를 얻기위해 함께 사용하는 sealer의 척절한 조도률 측정하는데 있다. 실험에 사용된 sealer는 $0.5m{\ell}$의 유지놀에 산화아연 분말을 혼화하여 얻은 $0.5m{\ell}$의 혼합물이 두 유리판 사이에서 120gm의 무게에 의하여 퍼지는 정도로써 측정한 조도에 상응하는 분말액비(比) 대로 산화아연 분말과 유지놀을 혼합하여 조도 65.45mm, 46.80mm, 28.95mm 및 22.60mm의 sealer를 제조하였다. 발거된 125개의 하악 대구치에서 원심근을 절취하여 step-back 방법으로 근관형성, 제조된 sealer를 근관벽에 피복하고 $70^{\circ}C$에서 연화된 gutta-percha를 주입, 근관충전하였다. 실험치근은 2% methylene-blue 색소용액에 침적시켜 $37^{\circ}C$의 항온기에서 48시간 경과시킨후 근단공을 통한 색소침투의 정도를 측정하여 다읍의 결과를 얻었다. 연화 gutta-percha 주입 근관충전법에서 sealer를 사용하지 않은 군이 sealer를 사용한 군보다 색소침투는 더 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 일정한 조도의 범위 65.45mm~22.60mm에서 조도 65.45mm의 sealer는 조도 28.9mm 및 22.60mm보다 폐쇄효과는 더 높게 나타났고(p<0.05) 조도 46.80mm의 sealer 보다도 더 높게 나타났으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 1991

Four root canal sealers, Apatite Root Sealer I and II composed mainly of hydroxyapatite/tricalciumphosphate, Sealapex containing calcium hydroxide, and Roth Sealer composed of zinc oxide - eugenol were compared on the culture of L929 fibroblasts. MIT (Methyl Thiazole Tetrazolium Bromide) colorimetric technique was used to measure the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Results were as follows: 1. Hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate mixed sealers were significantly less toxic compared with calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide - eugenol type sealers. High pH of the calcium hydroxide sealer and release of eugenol component from the zinc oxide - eugenol type sealer were presumed to be the cause of the toxicity of these two sealers. In no cases, there were more cytoblastic effects in hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate mixed sealers compared to the control groups. 2. In all experimental groups, toxicity was decreased as dilutions were increased. However in zinc oxide-eugenol type sealer the cell activity was weakened for all dilution groups. 3. Regarding the effect of setting time, Apatite I and Sealapex were less toxic as the setting progressed. Apatite II kept constant regardless of the different time ellapsed after setting but Roth sealer revealed significantly higher toxicity for all experimental groups. 4. Comparing two different culture periods of 24 hours and 72 hours, Apatite I showed higher cell activities in longer period(72 hours) while Apatite II did not. Sealapex and Roth sealer, however, showed significantly lower cell activities in longer period.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.671-684
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical sealing ability, overfilling and obturation of lateral canals using two gutta-percha techniques: Thermafil obturators and cold lateral condensation. Eighty numbered epoxide blocks with one major and five lateral canals were divided into four experimental groups and obturated according to experimental groups. Four experimental groups were as follows: Group 1 : Filling with Thermafil plastic obturators and sealer(ThermaSeal) Group 2 : Filling with Thermafil plastic obturators only, without sealer(ThermaSeal) Group 3 : Fillng using lateral condensation with sealer(AH-26) Group 4 : Fillng using lateral condensation without sealer(AH-26) All the blocks were stored in 100% relative humidor at room temperature for 7 days. Each block was placed in centrifuge tube filled with India ink, and then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 3,000 rpm. Apical leakage was measured from the apical foramen to the most coronal level of dye penetration in millimeter under a stereoscope. The length of gutta-percha and sealer in each of the lateral canals was measured, too. The presence or absence of overfilling of gutta-percha and sealer was recorded. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The obtained results were as follows: l. Apical dye leakage was almost: not occurred in Group Willed with Thermafil and sealer) and Group 3(filled using lateral condensation with sealer), and there was no significant difference in linear leakage between two groups(p>0.01). 2. In both Thermafil and lateral condensation groups, linear leakage of Group I, 3(filled with sealer) was less than that of Group 2, 4(filled without sealer), and there was no significant difference in linear leakage between Group 1, 2, 3(p> 0.01). 3. Overfilling during obturation of Group 1, 2(filled with Thermafil) was more than Group 3, 4(filled using lateral condensation), and there was no significant difference between groups(p> 0.05). 4. Groups filled with Thermafil had significantly more gutta-percha than groups filled using lateral condensation in all lateral canals(p <0.01), the total length of gutta-percha and sealer found in all lateral canals were similar in Group 1 and Group 3.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

Objectives: Recently, bioceramic sealers like EndoSequence BC Sealer (BC Sealer) have been introduced and are being used in endodontic practice. However, this sealer has limited research related to its retreatability. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the retreatability of two sealers, BC Sealer as compared with AH Plus using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six extracted human maxillary incisors were instrumented and randomly divided into 4 groups of 14 teeth: 1A, gutta-percha, AH Plus retreated with chloroform; 1B, gutta-percha, AH Plus retreated without chloroform; 2A, gutta-percha, EndoSequence BC Sealer retreated with chloroform; 2B, gutta-percha, EndoSequence BC Sealer retreated without chloroform. Micro-CT scans were taken before and after obturation and retreatment and analyzed for the volume of residual material. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned and digitized images were taken with the dental operating microscope. Data was analyzed using an ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey test. Fisher exact tests were performed to analyze the ability to regain patency. Results: There was significantly less residual root canal filling material in the AH Plus groups retreated with chloroform as compared to the others. The BC Sealer samples retreated with chloroform had better results than those retreated without chloroform. Furthermore, patency could be re-established in only 14% of teeth in the BC Sealer without chloroform group. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the BC Sealer group had significantly more residual filling material than the AH Plus group regardless of whether or not both sealers were retreated with chloroform.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2023

In this study, an FPGA-based sealer inspection system was developed to inspect the sealer applied to install vehicle glass on a car body. The sealer is a liquid or paste-like material that promotes adhesion such as sealing and waterproofing for mounting and assembling vehicle parts to a car body. The system installed in the existing vehicle design parts line does not detect the sealer in the glass rotation section and takes a long time to process. This study developed a line laser camera sensor and an FPGA vision signal processing module to solve this problem. The line laser camera sensor was developed such that the resolution and speed of the camera for data acquisition could be modified according to the irradiation angle of the laser. Furthermore, it was developed considering the mountability of the entire system to prevent interference with the sealer ejection machine. In addition, a vision signal processing module was developed using the Zynq-7020 FPGA chip to improve the processing speed of the algorithm that converted the profile to the sealer shape image acquired from a 2D camera and calculated the width and height of the sealer using the converted profile. The performance of the developed sealer application inspection system was verified by establishing an experimental environment identical to that of an actual automobile production line. The experimental results confirmed the performance of the sealer application inspection at a level that satisfied the requirements of automotive field standards.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

근관 충전에 사용된 sealer가 포스트를 세멘트할때 사용되는 레진 세멘트에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위하여 절치 치근 86개를 사용하여 통상의 방법으로 근관확대한 후, 44개의 치근은 I, II, & III군의 Z.O.E. sealer, 42개의 치근은 IV, V, & VI군의 수산화칼슘 계통의 sealer인 Apexit를 사용하여 근관충전하였다. 근관충전 1일(I, IV군), 3일 (II, V군), 7일(III, VI군)이 경과된 후에 기성의 Para-post stainless steel post를 사용하여 a군에서는 Z.P.C.로, b군에서는 All-Bond & composite resin cement로 깊이 7mm가 되게 세멘트하여 군당 시편의 수가 7-8개 되도록 하여 12군으로 나누었다. 완전한 세멘트의 경화를 위하여 5일이 경과된 후 인스트론 만능시험기에 retention jig를 사용하여 거상하고 1mm/min의 cross-head speed로 인장력을 가하여 유지력을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Z.O.E. sealer사용 후 All-Bond & composite resin cement로 세멘트한 군에서 I b군이 $15.5{\pm}7.1kg$, II b군이 $21.6{\pm}5.4kg$, 그리고 III b군이 $20.1{\pm}8.1kg$으로 나타나 I b군이 매우 유지력이 낮았으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 수산화칼슘 계통의 sealer 사용 후 All-Bond & composite resin cement로 세멘트한 군에서 IV b군이 $19.0{\pm}6.7kg$, V b군이 $17.3{\pm}6.5kg$, 그리고 VI b군이 $18.9{\pm}7.9kg$으로 나타났으며 통계학적 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 3. 같은 sealer를 사용하고 같은 기간에서 Z.P.C.와 All-Bond & composite resin cement의 포스트 유지력 비교시 All-Bond & composite resin cement 군이 Z.P.C. 군보다 높게 나타났으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.429-446
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• 1994

이 연구의 목적은 spreader를 전기적으로 가열, 냉각시킬 수 있는 Endotec을 이용하여 가온 측방가압 근관충전한 근관에서 근단공을 통한 누출의 정도를 정선적 및 정량적으로 측정하여 근관폐쇄효과를 평가하는데 있다. 발거된 단근치 140개를 4개군으로 나누어 45번 file 크기까지 근관형성하고, sealer를 사용한 측방가압법 및 가온 측방가압법, sealer를 사용 않은 가온 측방가압법 및 고온 용융 gutta-percha 주입법으로 근관충전하고 2% methylene blue 용액에 24시간 경과시킨 다음 색소침투 정도를 정선적 및 정량적으로 측정하였다. Sealer를 사용한 가온 측방가압 충전법은 sealer를 사용한 측방가압법 보다 정선적 및 정량적 측정 모두에서 색소침투는 적게 나타났으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. Sealer를 사용한 가온 측방가압 충전법은 sealer를 사용 않은 가온 측방가압 충전법 및 고온용융 gutta-percha 주입 충전법 보다 정선적 및 정량적 측정 모두에서 유의성 있게 적은 색소침투를 보였다 (p<0.05). 가온 측방가압 근관충전법의 근관폐쇄효과가 우수하였다는 증거는 통계학적으로 검증되지 않았다. 정선적 측정치와 정량적 측정치 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.4459, p<0.05).