• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2007

목 적 : 소아의 발달 장애는 조기에 발견하면 조기 치료가 가능하게 되어 치료 효과가 높아지고 후유 장애를 최소화할 수 있다. 발달 장애의 조기 발견을 위하여 기존에 사용해 오던 정식 발달 선별검사는 대부분 시간이 오래 걸리고, 복잡하며, 의료인력이 추가로 필요하기 때문에 바쁜 소아과 외래에서 모든 소아에게 적용하기는 어렵다. 기존의 발달검사 대신에 부모가 작성한 내용을 토대로 평가하는 발달 설문 양식들 중 Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)는 60개월 이전의 소아의 발달 선별을 목적으로 개발된 검사이다. 본 연구의 목적은 소아과 외래에서 시행하는 발달 지연의 선별 도구로서 ASQ의 타당성을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 성모병원 소아과 외래를 방문한 소아의 부모에게 진료 전 대기 시간 동안 한국형 ASQ (K-ASQ)를 완성하도록 하였다. 설문지를 완성한 총 150명 중 만삭 출생아이며 이전에 발달지연의 진단을 받은 적이 없고, 기타 선천성 기형, 경련성 질환을 포함한 신경학적 이상, 유전성 질환의 경력이 없는 소아 67명을 대상으로 하였다. K-ASQ는 각 영역별로 평균에서 2 표준편차(SD) 아래 점수보다 낮으면 "실패"로 판정하며, 한 발달 분야 이상에서 "실패"가 있는 경우를 "선별검사 양성"으로 하였다. 최종 발달평가는 Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II)를 사용하여 판단하였으며, 지능 혹은 운동발달 지수가 평균보다 -1 SD 미만인 경우는 발달지연으로 판정하였다. K-ASQ의 결과를 BSID-II와 비교하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 대상아의 평균 연령은 $16.4{\pm}7.4$개월($6{\pm}30$개월 범위, 중앙치 14개월)이었다. 10명(14.9%)은 출생 시 부당경량아였으며, 평균 출생체중 $3.1{\pm}0.6kg$, 재태기간 $38.8{\pm}1.4$주이었다. 9명(13.4%)이 쌍생아였고, 33명(49.0%)이 남아였다. 대상 소아들의 모친의 평균 교육 기간은 $13.6{\pm}2.4$년, 53명(79.1%)이 고등학교 졸업 이상의 학력을 가졌고, 21명(31.3%)이 정규직 근무자였다. ASQ 설문지를 완성하는데 평균 $10.2{\pm}3.0$분이 소요되었다. (2) 17명(25.4%)이 ASQ 선별검사 양성이었는데, 그 중 4명은 발달이 지연되었고, 나머지 13명의 발달은 정상이었다. BSID-II로 판정한 발달 지연아 8명 중 4명은 ASQ 선별검사에서 양성이었고, 다른 4명은 선별검사 음성이었다. ASQ 선별검사 음성인 50명 중 4명이 발달지연으로 판단되었다. (3) BSID-II와 비교한 K-ASQ의 민감도(sensitivity)는 50.0%, 특이도(specificity) 78.0%, 양성 예측치 (positive predictive value) 23.5%, 음성 예측치(negative predictive value)는 92.0%로 나타났다. 결 론 : K-ASQ는 높은 음성 예측치를 보여 소아과 외래에서 소아 발달 지연의 선별 도구로서 사용하는 것이 타당한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.687-700
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• 2014

Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryza B.) is one of the most important diseases in rice that causing great yield losses every year around the world. It is important to screen valuable genetic resources for improving blast resistance. This study was conducted to identify the blast resistance in 279 Korean rice landraces using blast nursery tests and isolate inoculum screening. The results showed that 11 landrace accessions found to be resistant to rice blast in blast nursery and inoculation screening tests and the degree of lesions in most accessions showed that they were susceptible to reactions. In order to find the distribution of blast resistant genes, a molecular survey was conducted to identify the presence of major blast resistance (R) gene in 279 Korean landraces. The results revealed that their frequency distribution was Pik-m (36.2%), Piz (25.4%), Pit (13.6%), and Pik (10%). Besides, the frequency distribution of Piz-t, Pii, Pik-m/Pik-p, Pi-39(t), Pib, Pi-d(t)2, Pita/Pita-2 and Pi-ta genes were identified as less than 10%. The results did not consist with the reactions against blast diseases between genotypes and phenotypic part of the nursery tests and isolate inoculation. For concluding these results, we used genome-wide SSR markers that have closely been located with resistance genes. The PCoA analysis showed that the landrace accessions formed largely two distinct groups according to their degree of blast resistance. By comparing genetic diversities using polymorphic information contents (PIC) value among the resistant, total and susceptible landraces, we found that PIC values decreased in four SSR markers and increased in six markers in the resistant accessions, which showed contrary to total and susceptible groups. These regions might be linked to resistance alleles. In this study, we evaluated the degree of blast resistance and the information about the distribution of rice blast resistant genes in Korean rice landraces. This study might be the basis for association analysis of blast resistance in rice.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 현장 온실농가에서 수명이 다하여 교체작업이 이루어진 총 4종의 다겹보온자재를 채취하여 해당 사용기간별 보온성의 변화를 비교하기 위해 여기서 고안된 Hot box 시험이 실시되었다. 4종의 다겹보온자재는 마트지, 부직포, PE폼 및 화학솜 등이 주요 재료로서 다겹보온자재별로 이 재료들이 서로 다르게 조합된 형태였다. 이 4종의 다겹보온자재를 시편($70{\times}70cm$)으로 제작하여 Hot box 시험을 통해서 대상시편별로 온도 하강률, 열관류율 및 열전도저항 등이 측정되었다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서 사용된 다겹보온자재들에 대하여 적절한 보온성능을 기대할 수 있는 사용기간은 약 5년 정도로 예상되었다. 다겹보온자재의 재료조합에 대하여 다겹의 PE폼을 적용하여 상대적으로 보온성을 높일 수 있으나 다겹보온자재 내에서 공기 단열층을 형성하는 화학솜에 비해 보온성능에 대한 기여가 현저히 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 다겹보온자재에 대하여 적절한 보온성능을 기대하기 위해서는 기본적으로 화학솜과 같은 공기 단열층을 형성하는 기능이 있는 재료가 다겹보온자재에 포함되어야 될 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서 고안된 Hot box 시험을 통해 다겹보온 자재의 온도 하강률, 열관류율 및 열전도저항 등이 적절하게 측정되었다. 그러나 본 연구는 사용이 완료된 다겹보온자재의 채취 어려움으로 총 4종의 다겹보온자재만 고려되었으며, 이는 비교적 적은 사례로 통해 얻어진 결과라 할 수 있으며, 본 연구의 한계이다. 향후 관련 연구를 통해 더 많은 사례들이 조사 및 보완되어야 될 것이다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2001

Objectives : Chronic alcohol consumption has been known to result in various neurocognitive deficits. Many neuropsychological studies revealed that the major disturbances occurred in the executive function, learning and short-term memory, visuospatial performance function, perceptuo-motor skills, and abstraction and problem solving abilities. This study was done to identify which cognitive areas might be mainly affected. Methods : The cognitive disturbance was evaluated using the Korean Version of the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSEK) and the 7 Minute Screen(7MS) in male inpatients with alcohol dependence(N=3 : as well as in age and education level matched healthy male controls(N=30). Four individual tests of the 7MS were consisted of the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, the Enhanced Cued Recall, the Clock Drawing and the Category Fluency. Results : 1) The average scores of four individual test of the 7MS for the alcoholics were $2.77{\pm}4.38$ for the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, $13.90{\pm}2.02$ for the Memory Test(the Cued Recall $6.77{\pm}1.94$, the Uncued Recall $7.10{\pm}2.45$), $5.84{\pm}1.86$ for the Clock Drawing, and $12.58{\pm}3.29$ for the Category Fluency. Except the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, there were statistically significant differences between test scores of alcoholics and those of controls(p<0.01). 2) The alcoholics who had MMSE-K score <24 were 9.68%. The average(${\pm}S.D.$) score of the MMSE-K for the patient group($27.23{\pm}2.62$) was significantly(p<0.001) lower than that of the healthy controls($29.20{\pm}1.24$). There were no statistically significant differences between four individual test scores of the 7MS of alcoholics with the MMSE-K score <24(N=3) and those of alcoholics with the MMSE-K score ${\geq}24$(N=28). 3) Four individual test scores of the 7MS seemed to have statistically significant association with such variables as MMSE-K, duration of alcohol drinking, blood magnesium concentration, liver function and thyroid function. Conclusion : Mild deficits of cognitive areas such as orientation, memory, visuospatial abilities and verbal fluency could be found in alcohol dependence.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 산업설비나 건축설비의 배관에서 불순물 유입을 막아 유동 시스템을 보호할 수 있는 스트레이너를 개발하기 위함에 있다. 스트레이너는 청수 또는 기름, 가스가 유입되는 배관라인의 밸브, 기기, 펌프 전단에 설치되는 장치로 형태에 따라 Y형, U형, T형이 있다. 본 연구에서는 Y형 스트레이너의 문제점을 파악하고 그 보다 개선된 새로운 모델 "유입․유출구가 일직선상에 있는 C형 스트레이너"를 개발하여 실물 시험을 통해 그 성능을 비교하였다. 시험은 기존 Y형과 C형 스트레이너 50A 실물을 한국표준과학연구원(KRISS) 유동실험실에서 4가지 상황별 실물시험으로 유동특성을 고찰하였다. 실험결과 C형 스트레이너가 Y형 보다 여과망이 없을 때는 74.9%, 여과망에 불순물이 없을 때는 54.5%, 불순물이 15% 쌓였을 때는 54.2%, 불순물이 30% 쌓였을 때는 52.4%가 용량계수(Kv)값이 높았다. 실물제작의 한계로 50A 한 종류만 시험했지만 결과로 볼 때 Y형보다 C형 스트레이너가 유동특성이 우수한 것으로 입증되어 향후 건축, 산업현장에서 유용하게 사용될 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

Purpose: Osmolar gap (OG) has been used for decades to screen for toxic alcohol levels. However, its reliability may vary due to several reasons. We validated the estimated ethanol concentration formula for patients with suspected poisoning and who visited the emergency department. We examined discrepancies in the ethanol level and patient characteristics by applying this formula when it was used to screen for intoxication due to toxic levels of alcohol. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 153 emergency department cases to determine the measured levels of toxic ethanol ingestion and we calculated alcohol ingestion using a formula based on serum osmolality. Those patients who were subjected to simultaneous measurements of osmolality, sodium, urea, glucose, and ethanol were included in this study. Patients with exposure to other toxic alcohols (methanol, ethylene glycol, or isopropanol) or poisons that affect osmolality were excluded. OG (the measured-calculated serum osmolality) was used to determine the calculated ethanol concentration. Results: Among the 153 included cases, 114 had normal OGs (OG≤14 mOsm/kg), and 39 cases had elevated OGs (OG>14). The mean difference between the measured and estimated (calculated ethanol using OG) ethanol concentration was -9.8 mg/dL. The 95% limits of agreement were -121.1 and 101.5 mg/dL, and the correlation coefficient R was 0.7037. For the four subgroups stratified by comorbidities and poisoning, the correlation coefficients R were 0.692, 0.588, 0.835, and 0.412, respectively, and the mean differences in measurement between the measured and calculated ethanol levels were -2.4 mg/dL, -48.8 mg/dL, 9.4 mg/dL, and -4.7 mg/dL, respectively. The equation plots had wide limits of agreement. Conclusion: We found that there were some discrepancies between OGs and the calculated ethanol concentrations. Addition of a correction factor for unmeasured osmoles to the equation of the calculated serum osmolality would help mitigate these discrepancies.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1648-1653
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• 2003

The paper studies effect of quasi-periodic or airplane flutter phenomenon on television broadcasting signal. Airplane flutter is a very important problem. It causes the receiving antenna to receive both direct signal by the Tx (Transmitter antenna) and reflected signal scattered by the airplane with phase delay. The sum of two signals results in fading, sometime collapse and distortion of picture on TV screen. We performed measurement and modeling this phenomenon on TV signal when the airplane flew across and range Tx and Rx (Receiver antenna). The frequency 60.75MHz (Aural frequency of CH3) is used under tests. A single scatter multipath model is introduced. It is used to duplicate some of the measured data and show the dependence of power variation on the airplane fluttering. The fluctuation of the airplane flutter phenomenon was calculated to be around 2-4dB. The Yaki antenna is used for improving airplane flutter problem because it can make high gain and high directivity.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of self-care behavior according to levels of depression among patients with heart failure (HF). Methods: Participants in this descriptive research were 169 outpatients with HF who being seen in three university hospitals and one general hospital located in B, Y, and D cities. Data were collected using the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale and European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale. Data collection period was from April 25, 2012 to September 26, 2013. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and ANOVAs with SPSS WIN 21.0. Results: A higher proportion of patients who were female, without a spouse, with lower household income, not employed, and having lower functional status with serious symptoms of HF tended to be clinically depressed. HF patients with depression tended not to report symptom changes to their health care providers. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the need to screen for depression in patients with HF and to develop strategies to improve self-care behaviors in these patients in order to promote reporting of symptom changes to health care providers.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-54
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• 1996

In this thesis, a new superimposition scheme using a computer vision system was proposed with 7 pairs of skull and ante-mortem photographs, which were already identified through other tests and DNA fingerprints at the Korea National Institute of Scientific Investigation. At this computer vision system, an unidentified skull was caught by video-camcoder with the MPEG and a ante-mortem photograph was scanned by scanner. These two images were processed and superimposed using pixel processing. Recognition of the individual identification by anatomical references was performed on the two superimposed images. These results were as followings. 1. For the enhancement of skull and ante-mortem photographs, various image processing schemes, such as SMOOTH, SHARPEN, EMBOSS, MOSAIC, ENGRAVE, INVERT, NEON and COLOR TO MONO, were applied using 3*5 window processing. As an image processing result of these methods, the optimal techniques were NEON, INVERT and ENGRAVE for the edge detection of skull and ante-mortem photograph. 2. Using various superimposition image processing techniques (SRCOR, SRCAND, SRCINVERT, SRCERASE, DSTINVERT, MERGEPAINT) were compared for the enhancement of image recognition. 3. By means of the video camera, the skull image was inputed directly to a computer system : superimposing it on the ante-mortem photograph made the identification more precise and time-saving. As mentioned above, this image processing techniques for the superimposition of skull and ante-mortem photographs simply used the previous approach, In other wrods, taking skull photographs and developing it to the same size as the ante-mortem photographs. This system using various image processing techniques on computer screen, a more precise and time-saving superimposition technique could be able to be applied in the area of individual identification in forensic practice.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2009

There are several reasons to take X-ray in case of inpatients. Some of them who cannot ambulate or have any risk if move are taken portable X-ray at their wards. Usually, in this case, many other people-patients unneeded X-ray test, family, hospital workers etc-are indirectly exposed to X-ray by scatter ray. For that reason I try to be aware of free space scatter dose accurately and make the point at issue of portable X-ray better in this study. kVp dose meter is used for efficiency management of portable X-ray equipment. Mobile X-ray equipment, ionization chamber, electrometer, solid water phantom are used for measuring of free space scatter dose. First of all the same surroundings condition is made as taken real portable X-ray, inquired amount of X-ray both chest AP and abdomen AP most frequently examined and measured scatter ray distribution of two tests individually changing distance. In the result of measuring horizontal distribution with condition of chest AP it is found that the mAs is decreased as law of distance reverse square but no showed mAs change according to direction. Vertical distribution showed the mAs slightly higher than horizontal distribution but it isnt found out statistical characteristic. In abdomen AP, compare with chest AP, free space scatter dose is as higher as five-hundred times and horizontal, vertical distribution are quite similar to chest AP in result. In portable X-ray test, in order to reduce the secondary exposure by free space scatter dose first, cut down unnecessary portable order the second, set up the specific area at individual ward for the test the third, when moving to a ward for the X-ray test prepare a portable shielding screen. The last, expose about 2m apart from patients if unable to do above three ways.