• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was done for reporting the effect of scratching method on patients with positional vertigo. Methods : We investigated 22 cases of patients with dizziness, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by complex oriental medical treatment with scratching method therapy, and did the other group by complex oriental medical treatment without scratching method therapy. Korean version of dizziness handicap inventory at baseline and final were used for evaluating the effect of the treatment. Results : 1. In scratching method group and non-scratching method group, compared with baseline, at final, Korean version of dizziness handicap inventory was significantly decreased. 2. At final, scratching method group showed significant decrease on Korean version of dizziness handicap inventory compared with non-scratching method group. Conclusions : Scratching method showed significant improvement in dizziness.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was done for reporting the effect of scratching method on patients with peripheral facial palsy. Methods : We investigated 34 cases of patients with peripheral facial paralysis, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by complex oriental medical treatment with scratching method therapy, and did the other group by complex oriental medical treatment without scratching method therapy. gross grading system of House-Brackmann(HB score) and Yanagihara's unweighed grading system(Y score) at baseline and final were used for evaluating the effect of the treatment. Results : 1. In scratching method group and non-scratching method group, compared with baseline, at final, HB score was significantly decreased and Y score was significantly increased. 2. At final, scratching method group showed significant decrease on HB score and significant increase on Y score compared with non-scratching method group. Conclusions : scratching method showed significant improvement in peripheral facial palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new multi-purpose Scanning Force Microscope (SFM) system. The system can be used for nano/micro-scratching, in-process profile measurement, and observation of potential surface defects which occur during the scratching in air or liquid. Experimental results of nano/micro-scratching show that the smallest scratching depth can be controlled to be 10nm, which corresponds to the stability of the SFM system. Profile measurements of nano/micro-scratching surfaces have also been performed by the method of on-machine measurement and in-process measurement. Two measurement results were in good agreement with each other. The maximum difference was approximately 10 nm, which was mainly caused by the sampling repeatability error that influences the measurement accuracy Also, micro-defects on the micro-scratching surface were successfully detected by the SFM system. It was confirmed that the number of micro-defects increases when the surface is subjected to a cyclic bending load. The maximum depth was less than 100nm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

Molecular Dynamics(MD) method was used to investigate the change of friction force due to interaction between dislocations and a grain boundary when a Ni tip was scratched on a Cu bicrystal. The substrate comprised a Cu bicrystal containing a vertical$\Sigma=5(210)$ grain boundary. The moving tip for scratching simulation was consisted of fixed Ni atoms emulating a rigid tip. The indentation depth was $3.6\AA$ and the scratching was performed along <110>direction in the first grain. As the scratching was continued, nucleation and propagation of dislocations were observed. In the early stage, the grain boundary played as a barrier to moving dislocations and interrupting further dislocation movement with no dislocation resulting in no propagation across the grain boundary. As the Ni tip approached the grain boundary, dislocations were nucleated at the grain boundary and propagated to the second grain. However, stick-slip phenomena that were observed on a single crystal scratching were not observed in the bicrystal. And, instead, irregular oscillation of friction force was observed during the scratching due to the presence of a grain boundary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2004

In this study, to achieve the optimal conditions for mechanical hyper-fine pattern fabrication process, deformation behavior of the materials during indentation scratch test was studied with numerical method by ABAQUS S/W. Brittle materials (Si, Pyrex glass 7740) were used as specimens, and forming conditions to reduce the elastic recovery and pile-up were proposed. The indenter was modeled as a rigid surface. Minimum mesh sizes of specimens are 1-l0nm. Variables of the nanoindentation scratch test analysis are scratching speed, scratching load, tip radius and tip geometry. The nano-indentation scratch tests were performed by using the Berkovich pyramidal diamond indenter. Comparison between the experimental data and numerical result demonstrated that the FEM approach can be a good model of the nanoindentation scratch test. The result of the investigation will be applied to the fabrication of the hyper-fine pattern.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2014

Objectives : In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effects of Careswell on human mast cell-mediated allergy inflammation in vitro and pruritogen-induced scratching behavior in vivo. Method : The Careswell was extract by distilled water. The anti-itching effects of Careswell were investigated on the compound 48/80 ($50{\mu}g/kg$) or histamine ($100{\mu}g/kg$) induced scratching behavior male ICR mice for 30 min by an observer blind. Terfenadine (10 mg/kg) was used as a positive control drug. The cell toxicity of Careswell was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The regulatory effect of Careswell on interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ levels was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI) stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). Also, we evaluated the effect of Careswell on PMACI induced the activation of Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) into nucleus by Western blot analysis. Result : The results revealed that the oral administration of Careswell (200 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated the compound 48/80 or histamine-induced scratching behavior in mice. We showed that Careswell significantly reduced the PMACI-induced the production of IL-6 (0.5-1 mg/ml) and TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.1-1 mg/ml). Additionally, Careswell significantly inhibited the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1. Conclusion : Collectively, the findings of this study provide us with a novel insight into the pharmacological actions of Careswell as a potential molecule for use in the treatment of allergic inflammation diseases.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.738-743
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• 2003

The major problems of a plastic injection mould can be devided into two kinds, one is in mould another in injected parts. Most of defects of the former comes from mould design, such as, structure and working. The latter are weld line, warpage, sink mark, burning, flow mark, scratching, shading, black hole and so on. Most of problems in injection molding are difficult to find the reason because of complexity. The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality of plastic injection mould and parts with inquiring the counter plan and analizing troubles of the part of Flat TV Front Cover by flow control method and gas-assisted injection moulding. For minimizing defects of the injection moulded parts, computer aided simulation method for injection mould filling was used. Based on these numerical results, the guidelines of mould design and injection processing condition were established. As a result, the improvement of quality, such as minimizing surface defects of injection moulding parts and troubles in mould was achieved.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.36-41
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• 2004

A method to measure the interfacial toughness of film/substrate by nanoindenter is proposed. As the thickness of the film decreases, the measurement of the interfacial toughness requires the more sophisticated equipment such as nanoindenter. In this study, the nanoindenter is applied to the substrate near the interface of film/substrate in the direction perpendicular to the normal of the interface, causing the cohesive fracture of the substrate, followed by the interfacial cracking. The specimen of Cu($0.56 {\mu}m$)/Si(530 ${\mu}$) are made by sputtering the copper onto the silicon wafer. By scratching the copper surface, we can make the easy interfacial cracking during the nanoindentation. It is found that the averaged values of the interfacial toughness of the Cu/Si is $0.664{\pm}0.3\;J/m^2$ . The phase angle of the specimen in this study is ${\psi}{\simeq}-36.8^{\circ}$, computed by the method of Suo and Hutchinson.[1]

• Advances in nano research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

In this paper, the non-linear static analysis of Timoshenko nanobeams consisting of bi-directional functionally graded material (BFGM) with immovable ends is investigated. The scratching in the FG nanobeam mid-plane, is the source of nonlinearity of the bending problems. The nonlocal theory is used to investigate the non-linear static deflection of nanobeam. In order to simplify the formulation, the problem formulas is derived according to the physical middle surface. The Hamilton principle is employed to determine governing partial differential equations as well as boundary conditions. Moreover, the differential quadrature method (DQM) and direct iterative method are applied to solve governing equations. Present results for non-linear static deflection were compared with previously published results in order to validate the present formulation. The impacts of the nonlocal factors, beam length and material property gradient on the non-linear static deflection of BFG nanobeams are investigated. It is observed that these parameters are vital in the value of the non-linear static deflection of the BFG nanobeam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.201-206
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• 2003

Plastic injection mould have two kinds of trouble, one is in mould another in injection parts. Most of defects of the former take the cause in a design like in structure and working, the later weld line, transforming, sink mark, burning, flow mark, scratching, shading, black hole and so on. Most of problems of the later is difficult for making a clear definitely the reason of defects because of complexible. The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality of plastic injection mould and parts with inquiring the counter plan and rouble of the part of Flat TV Front Cover by flow control method and gas- assisted injection moulding. For minimizing defects from injection moulding parts, this paper was investigated with using computer aided injection mold filling simulations. Based on these numerical results, I established guidelines mould design and injection processing condition. As a results I got the improve of quality, minimizing surface defects moulded parts and troubles in mould.