• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to reduce the cost of orient leaf using izmir, samsun and basma scraps in cigarettes manufacturing process. We manufactured rolled and paper sheet tobacco using orient scraps and substituted orient leaf in Pine tree to the rolled and paper sheet tobacco using orient scraps. Orient scraps were lower in total sugar, total sugar/nicotine and total nitrogen/nicotine, higher in nicotine and crude ash than those of orient leaves. Izmir and basma scraps were higher of 2-methyl butanoic, 3-methyl butanoic and 3-methyl pentanoic acid, but the chemical contents in samw scraps were lower than those of orient leaves. The specific gravity thickness, flness index, filling value were similar between orient scraps blended sheet tobacco and present sheet tobacco. The physical characteristics of orient scraps blended sheet tobacco were within Present sheet tobacco quality specification. The sheet tobacco using orient scraps was higher 2-metal butanoic, 3-methyl butanoic and 3-methyl pentanoic acid than those of present sheet tobacco. The rolled processed sheet tobacco using orient scraps was higher 2-methyl butanoic, 3-methyl butanoic and 3-methyl Pentanoic acid than those of paper sheet tobacco using orient scraps. The sample cigarettes using orient scraps sheet tobacco were lower 2-methyl butanoic, 3-mettwl butanoic and 3-mettwl Pentanoic acid than those of control cigarettes. The result of sensory test showed no great difference compared with sample of orient scraps and control cigarettes. This result shows that we can possible to substitute orient leaf to orient scraps to reduce the cost of orient leaf.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2021

Scraps are a byproduct of the machining process used for transforming titanium ingots into useful mechanical parts. Scraps take two forms, namely, bulky scraps, which are produced by cutting, and chipped scraps, which are produced by milling. Bulky scraps are comparatively easier to recycle because of their small surface area and less oxygen content; as a result, they pose only a small risk of explosion. In contrast, chipped scraps pose a higher risk of explosion, because of which, their recycling is complicated, resulting in most such scraps being discarded. With the aim of avoiding this waste, we proposed a novel process for converting chipped scraps into stable carbide materials. Methods typically applied to reduce particle size and impair the formation of solid solution type phase in the carbide materials were used to improve the mechanical properties of carbides prepared from chipped scraps. Our novel recycling process reduced carbide production costs and improved carbide quality.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2009

Magnetic separation of Fe contaminated Al-Si cutting chip scraps was performed for the recyclability assessment. It was also aimed to investigate the casting and solidification characteristics of the cutting chip scraps. The magnetically separated cutting chip scraps were adequately treated for the casting procedure and test specimens were made into a stepped mold inducing different cooling rates. The test specimens were evaluated by the combined analysis of ICP, Spectroscopy, OM-image analyzer, SEM/EDS, etc. Solidification characteristics of cutting chip scraps were examined as functions of Fe content and cooling rate. It is concluded that the magnetic separation process can be utilized to recycle the Fe contaminated Al-Si cutting chip scraps in the high cooling rate foundry process.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.358-368
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• 2022

In this study, visual simulations were performed on the packing behaviors of various press scraps. The packing states after the initial charging step were quantitatively compared. The comparison targets were 300mm cubic press scraps, customized cubic press scraps, customized octagonal prism press scraps and customized cylinder press scraps. The customized press scraps were designed in customized sizes for furnaces with melting capacities of 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6t/h. The packing states such as the initial charging number, the additional charging weight percentage, the packing density and the gap volume percentage were comparatively evaluated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.245-255
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• 2023

The present paper summarizes the results of an experimental program on the influence of using waste lathe scraps in the concrete mixture on the shear behavior of RC beams with different amounts of shear reinforcement. Three different volumetric ratios (1, 2 and %3) for the scraps and three different stirrup spacings (160, 200 and 270 mm) were adopted in the tests. The shear span-to-depth ratios of the beams were 2.67 and the stirrup spacing exceeded the maximum spacing limit in the building codes to unfold the contribution of lathe scraps to the shear resistances of shear-deficient beams, subject to shear-dominated failure (shear-tension). The experiments depicted that the lathe scraps have a pronounced contribution to the shear strength and load-deflection behavior of RC beams with widely-spaced stirrups. Namely, with the addition of 1%, 2% and 3% waste lathe scraps, the load-bearing capacity escalated by 9.1%, 21.8% and 32.8%, respectively, compared to the reference beam. On the other hand, the contribution of the lathe scraps to the load capacity decreases with decreasing stirrup spacing, since the closely-spaced stirrups bear the shear stresses and render the contribution of the scraps to shear resistance insignificant. The load capacity, deformation ductility index (DDI) and modulus of toughness (MOT) values of the beams were shown to increase with the volumetric fraction of scraps if the stirrups are spaced at about two times the beam depth. For the specimens with a stirrup spacing of about the beam depth, the scraps were found to have no considerable contribution to the load capacity and the deformation capacity beyond the ultimate load. In other words, for lathe scrap contents of 1-3%, the DDI values increased by 5-23% and the MOT values by 63.5-165% with respect to the reference beam with a stirrup spacing of 270 mm. The influence of the lathe scraps to the DDI and MOT values were rather limited and even sometimes negative for the stirrup spacing values of 160 and 200 mm.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Ti button type ingots were prepared by recycling of Ti turning scraps using vacuum arc melting process for production of consumable arc electrode. The behavior of impurities such as Fe, W, O, and N in the Ti button ingots was investigated and the properties of the Ti button ingots were also evaluated. In the case of oxygen gaseous impurity, the oxygen layers on the surface of the Ti turning scraps were easily removed by the first vacuum arc melting. On the other hand, the solute oxygen in the Ti turning scraps was not removed by the next melting. In the case of Fe, major impurity in the Ti turning scraps, the removal degree in the final Ti button ingot refined by vacuum arc melting for 20 minutes was approximately 43 %, which is due to the vapor pressure difference between Ti and Fe. As a result, the Ti button ingots with ASTM grade 3 could be obtained by multiple vacuum arc melting from the Ti turning scraps. Therefore, it was confirmed that the preparation of consumable electrode for vacuum arc remelting could be possible by recycling of Ti turning scraps.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

There are few studies on the effects of different sources of PVC scraps generated after the end-of-life PVC products and these scraps are used to prepare PVC products of low quality. In this paper, rigid PVC scraps from different sources such as clothes, pipes, and others were investigated to incorporate into virgin PVC compounds as a part of efforts to recycle various PVC scraps effectively. It was found that the tensile strength and impact strength of the PVC compounds generally decreased with increasing the content of PVC scraps. The impact properties of scrap were in order of CC > PC > RC, tensile strength were PC > CC > RC and Vicat softening temperature shows no specific tendency. CC scraps contents of 50 phr of virgin PVC resin showed 80 %, and PC scrap with 50 phr of virgin resin showed 50% of the mechanical properties with virgin PVC.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2012

Depending on the states of polyurethane scraps generated in the production sites of polyurethane or recycling center of polyurethane scraps, appropriate recycling technologies can be employed for the recycling of resources. In this study, recycling technologies for the polyurethane scraps were classified into physical recycling, chemical recycling, and energy recycling and reports in the literatures were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.57-61
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• 2005

In this study, the machine vision system for inspection using color recognition method have been designed and developed to automatically sort out a specified material such as Cu scraps or other non-ferrous metal scraps mixed in Fe scraps. The system consists of a CCD camera, light sources, a frame grabber, conveying devices and an air nozzled ejector, and is program-controlled by a image processing algorithm. The ejector is designed to be operated by an I/O interface communication with a hardware controller. The sorting examination results show that the efficiency of separating Cu scraps from the Fe scraps mixed with Cu scraps is around 90 % at the conveying speed of 15 m/min. and the system is proven to be excellent in terms of its efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that the system can be commercialized in shredder firms, if the high-speed automated sorting system will be realized.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1998

To examine the possibility of protein recycling of shaving scraps containing chromium generated from manufacturing process of leather, the optimum hydrolysis conditions and the withdrawal methods of low molecular weight protein for using the liquid fertilizer sources by investigation of solubilities of hydrolyzed protein, inorganic nutrients contents and molecular weight distributions of hydrolyzed protein from shaving scraps treated with mixed alkaline inducing agents and mixed alkaline proteolytic enzymes including MgO were investigated. In hydrolysis of shaving scraps treated with mixed alkaline inducing agents, the solubility of shaving scraps were clearly different with 65~85% according to the sorts of the inducing agents, and the degree of hydrolysis was high in the order of NaOH, $Ca(OH)_2$ and KOH. The average molecular weights of withdrawal hydrolyzed protein were 10, 40 and 80 KD treated with NaOH, $Ca(OH)_2$ and KOH, respectively. And the chromium contents was about 15 ppm. In hydrolysis of shaving scraps treated with mixed alkaline proteolytic enzymes, the bility of shaving scraps were high in the order of alcalase, esperase and savinase. In c of treating 0.5% alcalase, the low molecular weight of hydrolyzed protein could be withdrawn. The solubility of the hydrolyzed protein was about 85%, the average molecular weight of the protein was below 1 KD and chrome content of the protein was below 10 ppm.