• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2011

A simultaneous detection and quantification method for determining the Phenylalkylamine derivatives, such as methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AM), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), ketamine (KT), norketamine (NKT), phentermine (PT), fenfluramine (FFA) and phenmetrazine (PM), in oral fluid was developed and validated according to international guidelines. The validated method was applied to actual oral fluid samples collected from drug abuse suspects. The recovery of phenylalkylamines from oral fluid collection devices was also assessed. Oral fluid specimens from 20 drug abuse suspects submitted by the police were collected using Salivette$^{TM}$, Quantisal$^{TM}$ or direct expectoration. The samples were screened using a biochip array analyzer. For confirmation, the samples were analyzed by GC-MS in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode after extraction using automated SPE with a mixed-mode cation exchange cartridge and derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). The results from the immunoassay were consistent with those from GC-MS. All the oral fluid samples gave positive results for MA, AM, PT and/or PM. The detection of phenylalkylamines in oral fluid can provide a better indication of recent use than urine or hair. Therefore, the oral fluid specimen was useful for demonstrating phenylalkylamines abuse in the driving under the influence of drug (DUID) as an alternative specimen for urine.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.109-114
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• 2022

The article is devoted to analyzing the police influence on road safety formation. The globalization processes confirm the study's relevance, provoking population mobility and the need to increase freight traffic. The study aims to identify the factors that affect road safety and the activities of the police and the EU transport safety units. An empirical analysis using factor analysis, correlation analysis, and general scientific methods of cognition were carried out to achieve the goal. The analysis results found that the number of police officers affects road safety, but not in all countries, which confirms the importance of other factors. Based on the analysis results of the scientific literature, the factors affecting transport safety are legislative regulation, the use of innovative technologies, transport infrastructure, geography, and psycho-physical and emotional drivers factors. It has been proved that the police authorities and units cannot fully ensure transport safety in the European Union because the safety is formed by a complex of actions by the state and road users.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.752-769
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to apply the microgenetic analysis method for development of information on an individual's change in a certain area during a consistent time period to seek change in scientific questions that elementary school students create. The study subjects were six 6th graders in I elementary school located in Kyunggido with the students conducting 6 sessions of two observational tasks about dry grapes contained in soda pop and candlelight. Information were collected through students' scientific question development paper, record of field observation and interviews. The results of this study are as follows: first, the number of scientific questions that the elementary school students developed showed a tendency for reduction; second, the changes in type of scientific questions bring different results, which depend on a particular characteristic of the tasks; third, By observing pattern changes in scientific questions of each individual, it was found that different results show for each time for the same task, which in other words means that there exists variability within an individual. Also, variability between individuals were shown by confirming that the change pattern for each person were diverse. Thus, the result of this study shows the following implications on education of scientific question development. For students, scientific question development mean more opportunities to increase the process of developing and acquiring knowledge. Therefore, it is important to create situations where one can come up with scientific questions. In addition, analysis in tasks' nature when selecting tasks would be necessary to develop diverse scientific questions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.545-555
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• 2011

The diversity elucidation by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing of 96 associative diazotrophs, isolated from the feeder roots of tea on enriched nitrogen-free semisolid media, revealed the predominance of Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria within the Kangra valley in Himachal Pradesh, India. The Gram-positive bacteria observed belong to two taxonomic groupings; Firmicutes, including the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus; and Actinobacteria, represented by the genus Microbacterium. The Gram-negative bacteria included ${\alpha}$-Proteobacteria genera Brevundimonas, Rhizobium, and Mesorhizobium; ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria genera Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas; and ${\beta}$-Proteobacteria genera Azospira, Burkholderia, Delftia, Herbaspirillum and Ralstonia. The low level of similarity of two isolates, with the type strains Paenibacillus xinjiangensis and Mesorhizobium albiziae, suggests the possibility of raising species novum. The bacterial strains of different phylogenetic groups exhibited distinct carbon-source utilization patterns and fatty acid methyl ester profiles. The strains differed in their nitrogenase activities with relatively high activity seen in the Gramnegative strains exhibiting the highest similarity to Azospira oryzae, Delftia lacustris and Herbaspirillum huttiense.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2009

The purpose of this study to analysis the response pattern of the constructive instruction model that reflect constructivism learning theory for change on 6 science concepts. Specially, this study analyzes the constructive instruction model's effect among 3, 4, 5 years old and explain to the 6 scientific concepts that change from false response to correct response. The subjects are 34 public institution children who located in the Jinju city and was need to explain the scientific concepts. For the response pattern analysis of the this study is using scientific conceptual task on the function of ear and blood, the reason of thunder, typhoon, evaporation and ship's flotage. Conclusions that appear through result of constructivism activities effect on change of six scientific concepts and the constructive instruction's effect is more 5 year old than 3, 4 years old age.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.878-890
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to apply the PEOE class model that can enhance students' scientific creative problem-solving ability and self-directed learning ability in the middle school science subject and analyze the effects of it on students' long- and short-term retention, scientific creative problem-solving ability, and self-directed learning characteristics. And the paper has gained the following results: First, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test, post-test, and delay test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' long- and short-term retention, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05. In other words, the class using PEOE influences learners' short-term retention significantly, but it is even more effective in transmitting the concept that students acquire into their long-term memory. Second, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test and post-test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' scientific creative problem-solving ability, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05 in general. However, 'elaboration' and 'originality', the subfactors of scientific creative problem-solving ability, do not indicate significant effects. Third, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test and post-test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' self-directed learning characteristics, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05 as a whole. However, 'openness' and 'future-oriented self-understanding', the subfactors of self-directed learning characteristics, do not exert significant effects. Based on the above study results, it can be concluded that PEOE-based class is more effective for learners' academic achievement in science, scientific creative problem-solving ability, and self-directed learning characteristics than lecture-method instruction regarding the middle school science unit of 'The Properties of Air and Weather Change'.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.66-79
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• 2000

Landscape impact assessment(LIA) is an aid to decision-making. For the decision maker, LIA provides a scientific examination of the predicted landscape implications of a proposed action and of the mitigation measures, before a decision is taken. Thus, the efficacy of LIA depends on the scientific credibility of the prediction and mitigation measures described in the landscape impact statement. The purpose of this paper was to examine the efficacy of LIA through the content analysis of prediction and mitigation measures in the selected 39 landscape impact statements and 34 environmental impact statements. The content of the selected statements was analyzed in terms of the quantification, precision, significance, and likelihood. The results showed that both prediction and mitigation measures were very low in the scientific credibility. Specifically, the prediction was ambiguously described without scientific probability, and the effect of mitigation measures was not specifically presented in the reports. Thus, landscape impact statement can not give credible information in the decision making process, which weakens the efficacy as an aid to decision-making. Based on the results, several suggestions were presented to enhance the efficacy of LIA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.18-23
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• 2010

This paper describes a cause of fire accidents on power system fire DC electric traction vehicles. We investigated fire scene of power line for DC electric traction vehicles. From analysis results, the cause of fire on power line turned out line to ground fault between a feeder of electric power services(pantagraph) and DC electric traction vehicle roof. Fire accident of DC electric traction vehicles be assumed that electric sparks had been produced between the pantagraph and the power line conductor by repetitively making contact and separation, maybe if some material like branches get in between connecting rod it makes progress line to ground fault. ZnO arresters are widely used to protect DC electric traction vehicles against overvoltages caused by lightning or switching surges. However, the arresters are deteriorated by commercial overvoltages and/or lightning one. The deteriorated arresters could lead power failures, such as line to ground fault by a thermal runaway resulting from the increases in leakage current even in a nominal power system voltage. Finally, the power failures would be causative of the fire accident.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.759-772
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to understand characteristics of eighth graders' conclusions presented in their self-directed scientific inquiry reports. We developed a framework, Analysis of Conclusions of Self-Directed Scientific Inquiry, to analyze students' conclusions. We then compared the conclusions with the inquiry questions students generated to find out whether the questions affected students' conclusions. In addition, we analyzed students' responses from the survey about their perceptions of drawing conclusions. According to the results, the conclusions were characterized into two categories, i.e., scientific basic assumption and scientific explanation. Almost half of the students' conclusions fall under the scientific basic assumptions. Most of the scientific explanations were deductive explanations and inductive explanations. Then, the kinds of conclusions were affected by the inquiry questions because the scientific explanations were made more than the scientific basic assumptions in answering the inquiry questions. Some students couldn't recognize differences between conclusions and experiment results.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.805-836
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• 2017

China has become the group of two (G2) in almost fields including the scientific technology following the economic growth and joining the WTO in 2001. The main reason is that the government had strong intention for the industrialization of the scientific technology and connected the scientific technology and the economy. Typically, for analyzing the cause of the meteoric rise of China, the competitiveness of the scientific technology was analyzed by the entire score of the nation. However, in the case of China, there are differences in the pattern of the development between the eastern, central, and western province. Also, the industrialization and the competitiveness of the scientific technology are difference because each province established the decentralization of power. Therefore, it is more meaningful to analyze the main factors of Chinese economic growth on a province unit. In this study, therefore, we analyzed the competitive of R&D in China by 124 indexes in 31 areas. The data was analyzed by Partial least squares regression analysis. In conclusion, the scale of the area and the ability of R&D of the company are very important factors for total amount of production in the area. And the journals, patents, the transfer of technical know-how and the investment of R&D are main factors of the amount of export on the high-tech product. According to these results, the factors which make the difference in the industrialization and the competitiveness of the scientific technology in China were analyzed. Finally, it will be helpful to establish the policy for the development of the industrialization and the scientific technology in Korea.