• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2009

In our previous report, we showed that $PPAR{\gamma}$ does not influence adipogenesis in females with functioning ovaries, indicating that $PPAR{\gamma}$ activity on adipogenesis is associated with sex-related factors. Among the sex-related factors, estrogen has been recognized as a major factor in inhibiting adiposgenesis in females. Thus, we hypothensized that $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E) inhibits 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis by preventing $PPAR{\gamma}$ activity. E decreased triglyceirde accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells compared with control group. E also decreased the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ mRNA as well as $PPAR{\gamma}$ dependent adipocyte-specific genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$. In addition, E not only decreased luciferase reporter activity by $PPAR{\gamma}$, but also transfection of estrogen receptor $\alpha$ ($ER{\alpha}$) or $ER{\beta}$ led to decreases in $PPAR{\gamma}$ reporter gene activation. Moreover, E-activated ERs significantly decreased the luciferase reporter gene activation induced by $PPAR{\gamma}$ transfection, suggesting that estrogen-activated ERs inhibit $PPAR{\gamma}$-dependent transactivation. Accordingly, our results demonstrate that E inhibits the action of $PPAR{\gamma}$ on adipogenesis through E activated ER, providing evidence that lack of estrogen may potentiate $PPAR{\gamma}$ action on adipogenesis.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the dietary behavior of experienced shiftwork nurses and aimed to identify factors related to dietary behavior. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis based on the Shift Work Nurses' Health and Turnover study (2018-2021) among Korean nurses. In total, 247 experienced (>12 months) shiftwork nurses were included in this study. The participants' dietary behavior, depression, level of occupational stress, fatigue, physical activity, and general characteristics were measured. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: The dietary behavior score of the participants using the Mini-Dietary Assessment Index was 29.35±5.67. Thirty percent of the participants were depressed, the participants experienced moderate occupational stress, and 74.1% of the participants engaged in an inadequate amount of physical activity. The factors influencing shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior were having child(ren) (β=.16, p=.027), depression (β=-.13, p=.032), level of occupational stress related to occupational climate (β=-.13, p=.035), and an inadequate amount of physical activity (β=-.17, p=.006). These factors explained 10.4% of the variance in experienced shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior scores. Conclusion: Experienced nurses with child(ren) tended to have healthier diets. However, a higher level of occupational stress related to occupational climate, depression, and engaging in an inadequate amount of physical activity were associated with a higher risk of having an unhealthy diet. Therefore, strategies are needed to encourage physical activity and alleviate adverse occupational climate and depression among experienced nurses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

This study was to analyze the Physical Activity Therapy Programs (PATPs) in U rban-rural region before and after COVID-19 in order to suggest a way of activating program. The subjects were the 43 PATPs performed in 4 Community Health Centers of Gimcheon, Jeongeup, and Pyeongtaek. The basic data was collected by official documents, expenditure budget, the homepage of the centers, national information disclosure portal, telephone interview, and e-mail with the person in charge of the programs. All the data were classified to the administrative districts, the health-related fitness variables, and the life cycles. The American College Sports Medicine Guidelines were used to evaluate the PATPs. As a results, the number of the PATPs was too small compared to the population of the regions. Also, the PATPs were not considered to the characteristics of participants such as Life-Cycle and regional facilities so on. The organization and management of the PATPs were principally deficient in improving health-related fitness variables. In 2020 as the period of COVID-19 pandemic, the number of programs and participants with face-to-face PATPs was significantlry decreased compared to 2019, while that was increased with non-face-to-face PATPs. In conclusion, PATPs should be increased and operated in accordance with scientific exercise prescription guidelines. Also, the programs should be considered with the proportion and characteristics of Life-Cycle population. Further, the various with non-face-to-face PATPs should be developed and screened with based on scientific data for post-corona virus pandemic. Further, non-face-to-face PATPs programs should include a kind of practical way to promote the individual physical activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.927-937
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• 2021

This study was performed to screen the antimicrobial activities of the extract from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against skin pathogens and to purify the relevant antibacterial peptide. The acidified extract showed potent antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but showed no activity against Candida albicans and no significant cell toxicity. Among acne-causing pathogens, the acidified extract showed potent antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus aureus, and its antibacterial activity was completely abolished by treatment with trypsin or chymotrypsin, and was inhibited by salt treatment. The acidified extract showed strong DNA-binding ability but did not show bacterial membrane permeabilizing ability. Based on antimicrobial activity screening and cytotoxic effects, a novel antibacterial peptide was purified from the acidified gill extract using solid-phase extraction, cation-exchange, and reversed-phase HPLC. The resulting peptide had a molecular weight of 4800.8 Da and showed partial sequence homology with the carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) protein in the hard-shelled mussel. Overall, we purified a novel antibacterial peptide, named cgCAFLP, which is related to carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) protein, against skin pathogens. Our results suggest that the Pacific oyster extract could be used as an additive to control some acne-related skin pathogens (S. aureus).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to suggest the way to promote housewives' understanding of science and technology, based on the survey results of the attitude toward science and technology, the scientific attitude, and the interest in science and technology of housewives in Korea. The questionnaire was developed by researchers and administered to housewives who live in Seoul to get basic information. Housewives showed slightly positive attitudes toward science and technology, and similarly positive scientific attitudes. These scores were increased as monthly income and education level were raised. Housewives' interest of the science-technology related topics (foods, health, education, leisure, social issues, cooking, housing, everyday activity) was relatively high, and the interest of foods, health, education, and leisure was significantly correlated with the scores of housewives' attitude towards science and technology and their scientific attitudes. Housewives are shown to be curious to know these topics when they were asked by their children or do not know the terms appeared in media, or purchase home appliances and food. And they get the answers in a passive way by asking their family members or by watching TV or newspapers. They preferred TV program for enhancing their understanding of science. But such program could be proper to present science knowledge but not fulfill the role to promote scientific literacy. Specially designed programs through science centers or science museums would be suggested for their lifelong education.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.951-956
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• 2005

Selection of oxygen-tolerant strains and elucidation of their oxygen tolerance mechanism were crucial for effective use of bifidobacteria. Oxygen-tolerant bifidobacteria were able to significantly remove environmental oxygen (oxygen removal activity) as compared to oxygen-sensitive strains. Most oxygen removal activity was inhibited by heat treatment and exposure to extreme pH (2.0) of bifidobacterial cell. NADH oxidase was major enzyme related to oxygen removal activity. Oxygen-tolerant bifidobacteria possessed high NADH peroxidase activity level to detoxify $H_2O_2$ formed from reaction of NADH oxidase. Addition of oxygen to anaerobic culture broth significantly increased activities of HADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase within 1hr and rapid increment of oxygen concentration was prevented. Results showed NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase of oxygen-tolerant bifidobacteria played important roles in elimination of oxygen and oxygen metabolite $(H_2O_2)$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1697-1705
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• 2020

Meju, a type of fermented soybean paste, is used as a starter in the preparation of various Korean traditional soybean-based foods. In this study, we performed Illumina-MiSeq paired-end sequencing for microbial communities and mass spectrometry analysis for metabolite profiling to investigate the differences between 11 traditional meju products from different regions across Korea. Even though the bacterial and fungal communities showed remarkable variety, major genera including Bacillus, Enterococcus, Variovorax, Pediococcus, Weissella, and Aspergillus were detected in every sample of meju. The metabolite profile patterns of the 11 samples were clustered into two main groups: group I (M1-5) and group II (M6-11). The metabolite analysis indicated a relatively higher amino acid content in group I, while group II exhibited higher isoflavone, soyasaponin, and lysophospholipid contents. The bioactivity analysis proved that the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activity was higher in group II and the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity was higher in group I. The correlation analysis revealed that the ABTS activity was isoflavonoid, lipid, and soyasaponin related, whereas the FRAP activity was amino acid and flavonoid related. These results suggest that the antioxidant activities of meju are critically influenced by the microbiome and metabolite dynamics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.380-386
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the effects of physical activity programs on young children's body composition, physical fitness, blood lipids, and growth-related factors. Fourteen young male child subjects participated in this study. Experimental groups were divided into a young obese children group (OG; n=7) and a young normal weight children group (NG; n=7). The subjects performed supervised physical activity programs with moderate intensity for 12 weeks, 40 minutes per session, 3 times per week. The results of this study are as follows: HDL-C, growth hormone, and IGF-I were significantly increased in NG, but OG was showed no changes. Physical fitness was significantly increased in both NG and OG. This study demonstrated that physical activity programs have a positive effect on the prevention of obesity, as well as a positive effect on growth and development in young normal weight children. However, long-term follow-up studies are necessary to clarify the additive effect of exercise program with behavior modification in young obese children.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1001-1013
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• 2020

The formation of biofilms on the enamel surface of teeth by Streptococcus mutans is an important step in dental plaque formation, demineralization, and early caries because the biofilm is where other bacteria involved in dental caries attach, grow, and proliferate. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of phosvitin (PSV) on the biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, adherence activity of S. mutans, and the expression of genes related to the compounds essential for biofilm formation (quorum-sensing inducers and components of biofilm matrix) by S. mutans. PSV significantly reduced the biofilm-forming activity of S. mutans and increased the degradation of preformed biofilms by S. mutans. PSV inhibited the adherence activity of S. mutans by 31.9%-33.6%, and the production of EPS by 62%-65% depending upon the strains and the amount of PSV added. The expressions of genes regulating the production of EPS and the quorum-sensing-inducers (gtfA, gtfD, ftf, relA, vicR, brpA, and comDE) in all S. mutans strains were down-regulated by PSV, but gtfB was down-regulated only in S. mutans KCTC 5316. Therefore, the anti-biofilm-forming activity of PSV was accomplished through the inhibition of biofilm formation, adherence activity, and the production of quorum-sensing inducers and EPS by S. mutans.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.515-526
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated science-related activities in everyday life perceived by elementary school students, and their preference and participation in the activities. We also analyzed the differences by student's gender and interest in science. We developed a questionnaire of what activities elementary school students participated in daily experiences and how they perceived the connections of the activities with science. The questionnaire that was asked to rate the degrees of science-relatedness, preference, and participation of 35 activities was administered to fifth graders. The analysis of the results revealed that they perceived various everyday activities in their home and community as well as school were related to science. They generally preferred and participated in the activities. Boys perceived some activities, such as building things with magnets, Legos, or other toy and tools, more closely related to science, and the degrees of their preference and participation in these activities were higher than those of girls. It was also found that the students who were more interested in science not only perceived more activities related to science but also preferred and participated in the activities more. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.