• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.758-771
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• 2012

This research contains awareness of antioxidant and intakes of antioxidant foods for the present evaluate college students in Seoul, 375 patients were investigated. The subjects, the woman college student more than male's responded, showed a uniform distribution in the allowance, grade and the most type of residence is living apart from their family. All male and female college students recognize a lot about health, but male college students had higher than female students interested in the health, on the other hand, female college students had higher than male college students for the health efforts for the promotion of a healthy. Awareness about the oxide and active oxygen is moderate level, but knowledge about active oxygen is low level, they responded that active oxygen was caused when received stress or do strenuous exercise. General Health Functional Foods recognized that the usual intake, but intake of antioxidant was when the activity was caused by active oxygen. They recognized that the antioxidant effect is anti-aging and vitamin, wine and tea, were perceived as antioxidant foods, are popularly known. Usually, people was initially recognized through the internet in university or high school, they desire to obtain information was high but the effort to gain understanding and knowledge about antioxidant are relatively low. The result of comparing the difference of natural antioxidant foods and antioxidant healthy functional foods, recognizes of effects and absorption rate are similar, but recognizes that natural food intake is better recognition in the economics and health functional food is better recognition in the easy intake and nature foods was more preferred than functional foods because of nature friendly. Trying to intake of antioxidant foods is low, but people is expected anti-aging and fatigue recovery through the intake of antioxidant food. People think that intake is irrelevant to the season, but summer is higher than other seasons. Showed that efficacy perceptions about health supplements are higher, but efficacy perceptions about antioxidant health supplements when ingested are at a moderate level, which is lower, due to low antioxidant for understanding. Antioxidant functional health food intake will be affected the gifts or the people around them and purchase is also more influenced by surround people than themselves. So showed that most college students prefer natural antioxidant foods than antioxidant health supplements, in case of ingested antioxidant health supplements also showed that it was consumed by surround people than personal will.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2020

The polymerization shrinkage behavior of dimethacrylate-based composite (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) and silorane-based composite (Filtek P90, 3M ESPE) used for dental composite restorations was measured using digital image correlation method. The stress distribution on the surface of specimen was calculated by finite element analysis with equivalent elastic modulus and was compared with the measured shrinkage distribution. Camera images were monitored by a CCD camera during and after the irradiation of light. As a result of the DIC analysis, a non-uniform shrinkage distribution was observed in both composite resins, and the resin core inside the ring specimen had free flowability, leading to in greater shrinkage strain than the resin/ring interfacial region. It was observed that as the distance from the center of the resin increased, the radial average shrinkage strain decreased. The radial average shrinkage strain during light irradiation occurred to be 33% for P90 and 57% for AP-X of the entire strain at the end of the test. The shrinkage behavior of P90 and AP-X was measured to be significantly different from each other during light irradiation. In the resin near the resin/ring interface, it was confirmed that the tensile strain rapidly formed to increase after light irradiation, causing a tensile stressed, interface weak.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.144-156
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the self-esteem, social support and health promoting lifestyle of the elderly in a community. The sample consisted of 147 elderly, and data were collected from September 1 to October 15, 2001. The instrument of this study was a structured questionnaire including Health Promoting Lifestyle (47 items), Social Support(18 items), Self-Esteem(10 items), Socio-demographic Characteristics. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The degrees of self-esteem of the elderly were mean score $25{\pm}2.98$ points, socio-demographic characteristics containing meaningful difference with self-esteem was not significant. 2. The degrees of social support by elderly were mean score $55.03{\pm}9.60$ points and social support according to the socio-demographic characteristics showed meaning difference in family structure $\ulcorner$with off spring$\lrcorner$ (F=8.50, p=.000), health status $\ulcorner$good$\lrcorner$ (t=2.19, p=.030), smoking $\ulcorner$below 1 packet daily$\lrcorner$ (F=4.88 p=.009). 3. The degrees of health enhancing lifestyle by elderly were mean score $113.61{\pm}20.12$ points and health enhancing lifestyle according to the socio-demographic characteristics showed meaning difference in education level $\ulcorner$middle school and above$\lrcorner$ (F=6.37 p=.002), occupation before retirement $\ulcorner$profession, technician, employee of company, education$\lrcorner$ (F=5.00, p=.003), health status $\ulcorner$good$\lrcorner$ (t=3.14, p=0.002), exercise $\ulcorner$weekly 2-3$\lrcorner$ (F=4.31, p=.006), drinking $\ulcorner$weekly 1$\lrcorner$ (F=2.74, p= .046). 4. The item mean score of personal relationship support field in health enhancing lifestyle were $2.90{\pm}.60$ points. item mean scores of exercise and nutrition were $2.26{\pm}.39$ points, item mean scores of stress managing field were $2.25{\pm}.49$ points, item mean scores of health responsible field were $2.14{\pm}.61$ points. 5. The relationship between self-esteem and health enhancing lifestyle revealed a significant correlation(r=.169. p=.041), but self-esteem and social support, showed no significant correlation, and health enhancing lifestyle and social support, revealed a significant correlation(r=.654, p=.001).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study is to examine the concepts appeared on researches and provide the future research directions in field of child health nursing. A descriptive study was conducted. 205 studies were included in an analysis the concepts in terms of the domain of client for a total 321 researches. All were originally published between 1990 and 2000 in Korea. An analysis of concepts for this study was used the metaparadigm framework for nursing proposed by H.S. Kim(2000). The concepts for this study were categorized by essentialistic concepts, problematic concepts, health-care experiential concepts with the following results. 1. Based on the four domains suggested Kim (2000), 205 studies(63.9％) belong to the domain of client ; 109 studies(34％) belong to the practice domain of nursing; 3 studies(0.9％) belong to the client-nurse domain; and 4 studies belong to the domain of environment, respectively. 2. In the domain of client, 117(57.1％) studies used concept of parent. Among them, mother was the prevailing research population(103 studies). 64 studies(31.2％) used child population and the developmental stage of children varied from preterm to puberty but school aged children was the most target population(28 studies). Family as a concept of client was used in 20 studies(9.8％) but most primary care provider was the mother. 3. In terms of research design, non-experimental design(83.5％) is the most and among them survey was 159 studies(77.6％). Qualitative research(23 studies) and experimental research(10 studies) methods were used relatively few. 4. In terms of the categories of concepts, 196 (61.4％) studies included the essentialistic concepts like stress and coping(20.4％), mothering role and child care(7.8％), health (5.6％), breast feeding(4.7％). 31 studies included problematic concepts like power-lessness, safety, obesity, pain, anxiety. And 65 studies included health-care experiential concepts like compliance, growth, hope, environment but relatively few. The findings of this study provide the evidence that research related problematic concept and health-care experiential concept should be conducted actively to improve the practice of child health nursing. Also to deeply understand the phenomena of client in field of child health nursing, interpretive research methods should be conducted actively, too.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.71-85
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• 1993

The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of workplace health promotion activites. For this objective, questionaire was requested to 648 trainees of Korea Industrial Safety Corporation. Respondents' positions were safety manager, health care manager, or representatives of employee. Major findings are as follows: 1) Of responding workplaces, 66.2% supported the activities related to promote employees' health. The support rate was higher of Manufacturing and Tranport than others. And the lager workplaces had the higher support rate. 2) Most frequent activity is exercise program. But the prevalence of smoking cessation, stress management, nutrition education and women health care was very low. Major contents of support were to pay the cost of these activites and to equip the places or the facilities. 3) 24.9% had the non-smoking policy in the workplace. 98.6% equiped the places and facilities for employees. Mean number of facilities across all workplaces was 2.96 and that of exercise circles was 3.60. In conclusion, it was suggested that the stratege was needed to develop the Korean model for workplace health promotion on the basis of exisiting activites.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.635-642
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• 2014

In this paper, an efficient technique is developed to predict failure probability of three failure modes(case rupture, fracture and bolt breakage) related to solid rocket motor case due to the inner pressure during the mission flight. The overall procedure consists of the steps: 1) design parameters affecting the case failure are identified and their uncertainties are modelled by probability distribution, 2) combustion analysis in the interior of the case is carried out to obtain maximum expected operating pressure(MEOP), 3) stress and other structural performances are evaluated by finite element analysis(FEA), and 4) failure probabilities are calculated for the above mentioned failure modes. Axi-symmetric assumption for FEA is employed for simplification while contact between bolted joint is accounted for. Efficient procedure is developed to evaluate failure probability which consists of finding first an Most Probable Failure Point(MPP) using First-Order Reliability Method(FORM), next making a response surface model around the MPP using Latin Hypercube Sampling(LHS), and finally calculating failure probability by employing Importance Sampling.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.201-214
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• 2000

Precise and detailed clinical research and evaluation based on objective standards are imperative factors in securing reliability of a clinical test. Built on this principle, this clinical test has been conducted during the period between March 1999 and March 2000 dealing with 31 outpatients treated with ShiHo-GuizhiTang or ShiHo-GuizhiTang modify and ShiHo-GuizhiTang mixed prescriptions at the Sung-bo ORIENTAL MEDICAL CLINIC. A variety of information relating to those patients has been collected and analyzed under such criteria as precise diagnoses and their clinical effectiveness. The analysis was duly based on "The theory of cold syndrome". Then, the 31 patients' individual clinical information was compared one another by breaking down the results into sub-categories including gender, age, disease, main symptom, blood pressure, pulse beats, syndrome of abdomen, treatment period, modify and mixed prescription, and evaluation. The result of this clinical test can be summarized as follows: First, ShiHo-GuizhiTang appears to be more frequently prescribed in the case of female patients than in the case of male patients despite the fact that it does not necessarily need to be applied only to female. In addition, the numbers of prescriptions of ShiHo-GuizhiTang in the two age groups consisting of elementary school children and economically active adults respectively were the highest among other age groups. Second, ShiHo-GuizhiTang proved to be most effective in treatment for respiratory ailments and arthritis. Third, ShiHo-GuizhiTang brought down blood pressure of hypertension patients and at the same time benefited patients with normal or lower-than-normal blood pressure who were vulnerable to diseases due to low disease-resistance. Fourth, ShiHo-GuizhiTang was effective in the case of frequent pulse(rapid pulse) and thereby indicating the fact it carries Taiyang superficies syndrome. 지맥 arises from suppressed immune responses owing to adrenocortical hormones. ShiHo-GuizhiTang controls and revitalizes those suppressed immune systems which stem from slow pulse and, as a consequence of that process, helps them return to normal condition of pulse. Fifth, from the standpoint of syndrome of abdomen, feeling of obstruction in the epigastrium serves as an important standard in the process of diagnosing diseases and evaluating effectiveness of treatments. Sixth, according to the results of the clinical test with the 31 patients, a total of 81 percent of test subjects benefited from the treatment. The figure is the sum of 52 percent of I-class (both main symptom and accompanying symptoms had been eliminated) and 29 percent of II-class (part of main symptom and accompanying symptoms had been eliminated) respectively. All told it is safe to say that ShiHo-GuizhiTang can elect to be a viable clinical treatment. In conclusion, it is estimated that this clinical study has drawn up guidelines for objective diagnostic standards and evaluation on specific treatments' effectiveness. This will lead to more general application of ShiHo-GuizhiTang. On top of that, this study could also provide an opportunity to stress the significance of ShiHo-GuizhiTang and ShiHo-GuizhiTang modify and ShiHo-GuizhiTang mixed prescriptions as an alternative treatment for collagen disease which comes from environmental degradation and pollution.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2018

Objective : The present study had examined the psychiatric symptoms and physical health consequences for the bereaved parents of the high school students who died in the 2014 Sewol ferry accident. Methods : Forty bereaved parents participated in the study. The authors administered self-report questionnaires about the parents' health behaviors and psychiatric symptoms. The authors also conducted laboratory tests to assess the parents' physical health at 18 and 30 months after the accident. Univariate descriptive statistics were performed to report the prevalence and severity of psychiatric symptoms and health-related behaviors. Paired t-test and Mcnemar test were performed to compare the 18-and 30-month findings. Correlation analysis between psychiatric symptoms and laboratory findings were performed to find a relationship between the two variables. Results : At 30 months after the accident, most of the bereaved parents still appeared to suffer from complicated grief (97.5%), post traumatic stress disorder (80%), insomnia (77.5%) and severe depression (62.5%) based on the scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the PTSD Check List-5 (PCL-5), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). One quarter of the bereaved parents reported high-risk drinking, and 47.5% reported increased drinking amount and frequency after the accident. In objective laboratory results, 55% of the bereaved parents were obese as defined by body mass index ${\geq}25$. The parents' mean low-density lipoprotein shows a significant increase over time (118.5 mg/dL at 18 months. vs. 132.5 mg/dL at 30 months. paired t-test t=-4.061, $$p{\leq_-}0.001$$). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein at 30 months after the accident were in clinically borderline high range. In correlation analysis, triglyceride was positively correlated with ISI. Conclusion : The loss of children in the Sewol ferry accident, a disaster caused by human error, continued to have considerable impact on the victims' parents' mental and physical health 18 and 30 months after the accident. A longitudinal study following the parents' physical health would be necessary to investigate the long-term effects of this traumatic experience on physical health.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2014

In numbers of kinds of heat exchanger, the shell-tube heat exchanger is the most commonly used type of heat exchanger in the industry field. In order to improve the thermal performance of the heat exchanger, this study was analyzed heat transfer characteristics according to arrangement of baffle and direction of baffle and bump phase of baffle about shell-tube heat exchanger using appropriate SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model for flow separation and boundary layer analysis. As the boundary condition for CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis, the inlet temperature of shell side was constantly 344 K and the variation of the water flow rate was 6, 12, 18 and 24 l/min. As the result of analysis, zigzag baffle arrangement enhances heat transfer rate and pressure drop. Furthermore, in the direction of the baffle, heat transfer rate is more improved with vertical type and angle $45^{\circ}$ type than existing type, and pressure drop was little difference. Also, the bump shape of baffle surface contributes to heat transfer rate and pressure drop improvement due to the increased heat transfer area. Through analysis results, we knew that the increase of the heat transfer was influenced by flow separation, fluid residual time, contact area with the tube, flow rate, swirl and so on.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.319-323
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• 2011

Curcumin, of which a critical characteristic is the capacity of crossing the blood-brain barrier, has been reported to induce the expression of neuroprotective heme oxygenase (HO)-1. The aim of this study is to compare HO-1-inducing capacity and neuroprotective activity of curcumin, its demethoxy (demethoxycurcumin, DMC; bis-demethoxycurcumin, BDMC) and hydrogenated derivatives (tetrahydrocurcumin, THC) in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Curcumin attenuated glutamate-induced cell death through HO-1 expression. DMC lacking a methoxy group on one of the aromatic rings possessed slightly lower activity in HO-1 expression and neuroprotection than curcumin. Similarly, BDMC, which lacks two methoxy groups on both of the aromatic rings, showed less activity than curcumin. These findings suggest that the presence of methoxy groups on the aromatic ring is required to enhance neuroprotective HO-1 expression. The reduction of the diarylheptadienone chain of curcumin by hydrogen, as in THC, was accompanied by a complete loss of ability to induce HO-1 expression and neuroprotection, suggesting that the conjugated double bonds of the central seven-carbon chain of curcumin may be essential for its ability to induce neuroprotective HO-1 expression. Our findings may provide useful information for further development of neuroprotective HO-1 inducers.