• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.269-289
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• 1999

농촌지역 재택노인들의 건강관심도, 건강실천행위, 주곤적 건강상태, 그리고 일상생활 동작능력과 이들간의 관련성을 파악하고, 이들에 영향을 미치는요인을 알아보기 위하여 일개 군의 65세 이상 재택노인 480명을 대상으로 1998년 11월 15일부터 12월 20일까지 집적 면담하여 자료를 수집하였다. 건강관심도가 높은 상위군이 44.4%, 중위군이 13.1%, 하위군이 42.5%였으며, 건강실천행위는 상위군이 3.8%, 중위군이 18.8%, 하위군이 77.5%였다. 주관적 건강상태는 좋음이 29.0%, 보통이 31.0%, 나쁨이 40.0%였으며, 일상생활동작능력은 고ADL이 91.5%, 저ADL이 8.5%였다. 단변량 분석결과 남녀 전체를 대상으로 하였을 때 건강관심도와 건강실천행위는 유의한 관련이 있어 건강관심도가 높은 사람이 건강실천행위를 많이 하였다. 남녀로 구분하였을 때 남자의 경우 건강관심도와 건강실천행위는 유의한 관련이 있었고, 여자의 경우는 유의한 관련은 없었다. 남자와 여자 모두에서 건강실천행위와 주관적 건강상태는 유의한 관련이 있었다. 즉, 건강실천행위를 많이하는 사람이 주관적 건강상태가 좋았다. 건강실천행위와 ADL의 경우는 남녀가 모두 건강실천행위를 많이 하는 사람이 유의하지는 않았지만 ADL이 좋았다. 남녀 모두에서 ADL이 좋은 경우 유의하게 주관적인 건강상태가 좋았다. 사회인구학적 변수를 독립변수로 하고 건강관심도를 종속변수로 한 다중회귀 분석에서 건강관심도는 연령이 적을수록, 의료보호보다 의료보험인 경우, 대중매체나 병원 보건소등의 건강정보원이 있는 경우, 그리고 정기적인 모임이 있는 경우에 높았다. 건강실천행위를 종속변수로 하고 사회인구학적 특성과 건강관심도를 독립변수로 한 다중회귀분석 결과, 남자의 경우에만 모형이 성립하였는데 건강관심도가 높을수록 건강실천행위를 많이 하였다. 주관적인 건강상태를 종속변수로 하고 사회인구학적 특성과 건강실천행위를 독립변수로 한 일반화 로짓 모형에서 남자는 생활비가 충분할수록, 질병이 없는 경우, 정기적인 모임이 있는 경우, 그리고 건강실천행위를 많이 하는 경우에 주관적 건강상태가 좋았다. 여자의 경우는 배우자가 없는 경우, 생활비를 본인이나 배우자가 부담하는 경우, 질병이 없는 경우, 병원이나 보건소 등의 건강정보원이 있는 경우, 그리고 건강실천행위를 많이 할수록 주관적 건강상태가 좋았다. 사회인구학적 변수에 건강실천행위를 추가한 독립변수와 ADL의 고저를 종속변수로 한 다중 로지스틱 회기분석에서 남자의 경우는 생활비를 본인이나 배우자가 부담할수록, 여자의 경우는 연령이 적을수록, 병원·보건소 등의 건강정보원이 있을수록 ADL이 좋았다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 남녀 모두 건강에 대한 관심이 높을수록 건강실천행위를 많이 하게 되며 건강실천행위를 많이 할수록 건강수준인 일상생활 동작능력과 주관적인 건강상태가 좋았고, 일상생활 동작능력이 좋을수록 주관적인 건강상태도 좋았다. 그러므로 노인들이 건강에 대한 관심을 가지고 건강실천행위를 할 수 있도록 대중매체와 개인면담을 통한 상담과 보건교육, 지역사회 건강증진 프로그램 등 다차원적인 접근이 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 1978

Owing to the development of modern science, prolonging man's life, the sudden increase of population and betterment of the standard of living has increased health needs. In order to fulfill these health needs, more active plans for developing health should be made. Health education is one of the methods at hand that can improve the health behavior of the community and the individual through the contact of individuals with their groups. Proper understanding of the characteristics of the sampled group and participation of individuals within the community for the development of their health plan are needed for efficient health education. This study was attempted for the purpose of presenting some data helpful for pre-paring the fundamentals of a health education plan that can improve personal health maintenance practice of a community through efficient health education by investigating the relationship between the response of subjects to personal health maintenance practice and selected decisive factors in personal health maintenance practice. The subjects for this study were a systematic sample of 120 housewives selected from 600 housewives from B Zone Apt. Younhi-3-Dong in Seoul. Data was collected for 4 days from May 16th to May 19th, 1578 through personal interviews with questionnaires by well trained interviewers. Percentage, t-test and stepwise multiple regression analysis by use of EDPS were employed for statistical analysis. Results of this study can be summarized : 1. General characteristics of subjects Subjects over 20 and below 40 years of age formed 62.5% of the toed and the rest were subjects of 40 years and upward. 76.7% of the subjects have less than 4 children. 51.3% of the subjects had completed at least the senior high school course. 2. The response of subjects to personal health maintenance practice. Ratios of personal health maintenance practice to the maximum score for each category are as follows; 84.1% in the category of population and family planning, which was the highest ratio; 82.4% in the prevention of accidents; 68.0% in control of communicable disease; 67.8% in personal health care and habits of daily life, 64.3% in mental health and 52.5% in control of parasites, which was the lowest. 3. The response of subjects to selected decisive factors. in personal health maintenance practice. The arithmetic mean of the score for each decisive factor was as follows: the mutual relation between family members marked 18.33, which is under 73,3% of the maximum score; the degree of interest in health marked 34.48, 70.0% of the maximum score: the degree of utilization and demand for health care facilities marked 25.79 or 64.5% of the maximum score and health maintenance of the family marked 11.58, 43.6% of the maximum score. 4. The relationship between personal health maintenance practice and general characteristics of subjects. 1) There was a significant difference in the numbers of children. (t = 1.83, d.f. =117, p< 0.1) 2) There was a significant difference in the contact rates with mass-media, (t = 5.02, d.f. = 118, p< 0,05) 5. The multiple correlation between personal health maintenance practice and their selected decisive factors. 1) The factor“the degree of interest in health”could account for personal health maintenance practice in 43.6% of the sample. (R = 0.6602, R²= 0,4359, F = 91.1678, p< 0.001) 2) When the factor,“health maintenance of family”is added to this, it accounts for 51.2% of personal health maintenance practice. (R = 0.7158, R²= 0.5124, F = 61.4653, p< 0.001) 3) When the factor,“mutual relations between family members”is also included, it accounts for 53.7% of personal health maintenance practice. (R = 0.7324, R²= 0.5365, F = 44.7509, p< 0.001) 4) When the factor, “the degree of utilization and demand for health care facilities”is included, it accounts for 55.1% of personal health maintenance practice. (R = 0.7421, R²= 0.5507, F = 35.2430, p< 0.001).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1627-1632
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• 2012

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Barriers for practicing breast self examination (BSE) await exploration. Objective: To assess the practice of BSE and its correlated factors and particularly barriers amongst urban women in Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 222 Malaysian women using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The mean (SD) age was 28.5 (${\pm}9.2$) years, 59.0% were university graduates. Of the total, 81.1% were aware of breast cancer and 55% practiced BSE. Amongst 45% of respondents who did not practice BSE, 79.8% did not know how to do it, 60.6% feared being diagnosed with breast cancer, 59.6% were worried about detecting breast cancer, 22% reported that they should not touch their bodies, 44% and 28% reported BSE is embarrassing or unpleasant, 29% time consuming, 22% thought they would never have breast cancer or it is ineffective and finally 20% perceived BSE as unimportant. Logistic regression modeling showed that respondents aged ${\geq}45$ years, being Malay, married and having a high education level were more likely to practice BSE (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study sample, a significant proportion of respondents was aware of breast cancer but did not practice BSE. Knowledge, psychological, cultural, perception and environmental factors were identified as barriers. BSE practice was associated significantly with socio-demographic factors and socioeconomic status.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an education program on child health and safety for teachers in child daycare centers. Method: Using a nonequivalent one group pretest-posttest design, 41 day care staff(N=41) from 12 day care centers in Seoul and D-gun in Chung-Nam were assigned to experimental group. A program that is appropriate for preventing injuries and protecting the health of young children at child daycare centers was developed. Health and safety education program was provided for the intervention group for 2 weeks two times. Results: After education session, the mean score of knowledge, self confidence, practice on safety and health in child care teachers were significantly increased. There were significant differences in the degree of knowledge according to education, and in the degree of practice according to age. Conclusions: The education program for child care teachers was effective in promoting knowledge, self confidence and practice on child health and safety. The results suggest that health and safety education program should be provided systematically and continuously for child care teachers.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.213-239
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• 1997

In recent years, adolescent issues including smoking, drinking, drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, deviant sexual behavior, mental health problems, high suicide rate, misconducts and absence without due notice, etc are emerging as serious social problems and the debate on these controversial issues is heating up. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze factors which are changeable and fixable among the factors influencing the adolescent's health behavior and misconducts and, eventually influencing factors which can be used as the basis to establish health policies and health promotion program to reduce the health risk behavior and misconducts of adolescents. The smoking rates are 34.1% for male students of prep schools and 13.8% for females students of the same school and 55.7% for males, 31.8% for females of the vocational schools and 58.3% for males and 48.8% for females of social institutional schools, which showed the great diffence among the different types of schools and between sex. In particular, male students of social institutional school showed 1.7 times higher smoking rate than those of prep schools and in case of female students, 3.5 times higher rate. The time of initial smoking was most frequently during the middle school days for both males and females. In case of drug abuse, 5.4% of males and 2.7% females of general schools were using adhesives and inhalants which was 2.5 times higher for males and 6.3 times higher for females of social institutional schools. 41.8% of males and 30.3% of females of prep schools, 41.8% of males and 59.4% of females of vocational schools and 55.1% of males and 36.6% of females of social institutional schools have experienced kissing. Regarding the health promoting behavior and misconducts, female students practiced the health promoting behavior more than male students while male students showed higher rate of health risk behavior and misconducts than female students, which was statistically significant. The group of students who have not attended the health education class, in comparison to those who have attended, were more likely to practice health risk behavior and misconducts. Those with higher academic achievement was more likely to practice the health promoting behavior while those with poor academic achievement were more likely to practice health risk behavior and misconducts. As the perceived health status was higher and as students experienced less illness, the health promoting behavior was higher.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2000

Primary school is regarded as an important period when many health-related behaviors and life-styles begin to be formed. Acquiring them through school heath education has a strong influence on the health promotion of not only the family but also the community. The objectives of this study were to evaluate current oral health care of elementary schools in Chungnam province and to provide information for further development in elementary school oral health. We performed a questionnaire survey to 280 health teachers and among them, 155 teachers answered. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Sixty five percent of the health teachers had little interest in oral health. Major information sources for teaching oral health were books in 58.1% of the 155 teachers and 83.2% of teachers spent 30 minutes to 1hour per day in oral health care practice for the students. 2. Contents of the oral health education were composed of regular and special curriculums, and an average of education time during a semester was 2.6 hours in 3rd grade, and 1.3 hours in first and second grade. 60.6% of the teachers made the children practice the proper method of tooth brushing during the education time. 3. Major problems in oral health education were insufficient time, lack of equipment and difficulty in teaching method. The educational media were tooth models among 91.0% and OHP among 85.2% of the teachers. The tooth model was usually used in first to fourth grades and OHP in fifth to sixth grades. But 63.9% health teachers need to develop stronger educational methods using multimedia. 4. Meanwhile the most important strategy of oral health in urban schools was health education, that of rural schools was fluoride mouth-rinsing programme. Fluoride mouth-rinsing programmes were performed by 60.0% of the elementary school. Periodic dental examination was performed in all elementary schools. 98.2% of the schools sent the results home through school notification letters, but post-examination management was performed in only 67.1% of them 64.5% of the health teachers do follow-ups on the oral disease of the children after the examination. Only 0.7% of the schools have oral health education plans for the students' parents. Considering these major strategies for elementary school oral health care were health education, practicing proper methods of tooth brushing, periodic dental examinations, and fluoride mouth-rinsing programmes. But health teachers need more time for oral health education, practicing and management, and developing education materials. With regard to the high demand for oral health education and poor follow-up after periodic examination, the oral health education in elementary school should be considered as a formal educational course for more proper management of oral health, including application of major strategies to the children in earlier grades and efforts for increasing recognition and participation of the parents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.745-754
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased worldwide. Although a low serum vitamin D level is known to be associated with the risk of CVD, the mechanism is not well understood yet. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25[OH]D) with homocysteine and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Of 777 subjects recruited from one health promotion center for routine heath exam from January 2010 to December 2016, 518 subjects were included in this study. Serum 25(OH)D, serum homocysteine, and other metabolic parameters including ApoB were analyzed. Simple and partial correlations were carried out after adjustments. Simple linear regression analysis was used for precise correlation of parameters. Multivariate regression analysis was done to know which factor (serum homocysteine or ApoB) was more related to serum 25(OH)D after adjustments. Finally, logarithms of homocysteine concentrations according to tertiles of serum 25(OH)D were compared. RESULTS: After sex and age adjustments, serum 25(OH)D showed negative correlations with serum homocysteine (r' = -0.114) and ApoB (r' = -0.098). In simple linear regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D showed a significant negative correlation with ApoB (P = 0.035). However, in multivariate regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated with serum homocysteine after adjustments (P = 0.022). In addition, serum homocysteine concentration was significantly high in the lowest 25(OH)D group (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Serum 25(OH)D concentration showed a stronger negative association with serum homocysteine than with ApoB.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.199-211
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• 1995

This study analyzed the practical education in fundamentals of nursing, for the 36 nursing schools including 12 4-year nursing schools and 24 junior college nursing schools. This survey was done from september 5th to october 5th in 1995. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Required credit in fundamentals of nursing. 1) The highest incidence of the total required credit was 7 in 4-year nursing school and 9 in junior college. 2) For the lecture course credit, the large number of 4-year nursing school gave 5 credit lessons and 6 credits provided in junior nursing colleges. 3) For the credit of practical education the major portion of 4-year nursing school gave 2 credits instruction, however junior nursing school provided 3 credits. 2. Laboratory practice in fundamentals of nursing. In laboratory practice, the ratio of instructor and student was 1 : 20 in 83.4% of the 4-year nursing school and in 66.7% of the junior nursing school. 3. Contents and hours of fundamental nursing practice. 1) In the area of health assessment and nursing process, the large number of schools allocated following hours : 6 hours for vital signs, 4 hours for nursing process, 2 hours for recording but practice for physical examination and communication was done in few schools. 2) In the area of functional health pattern, the large number of schools allocated practice hours like followings : 2 hours for I/O, 2 hours for gavage feeding, 2 hours for elimination, 6 hours for catheterization, 6 hours for bed making, 2 hours for positioning, 6 hours for personal hygiene, 2 hours for R.O.M, 4 hours for moving turning lifting, 2 hours for inhalation and suction. But C.P.R and terminally ill patient care were taught in smaller number of schools. 3) In the area of special nursing measures, the major portion of nursing schools allocated hours like followings. It consisted of 6 hours for asepsis, 16-18 hours for medication, 2 hours for heat and cold application, 2 hours for wound care. 4) 22.2% of the nursing schools had total review practice time and 36.1% of the nursing schools had the students clinical practice. Based on above mentioned results, 4-year nursing school had faithful practical education of fundamental nursing than junior nursing school. But for the contents and allocated hours for practice education, junior nursing schools were much more contents and hours than 4 year school.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2014

This study aimed to identify the relationship between the awareness of employees in medical institutes on the protection of medical information and their practice, and basic data of the development of a protection policy is presented. The subjects of the study were 433 employees of general hospitals located in G city and they were interviewed to ascertain their awareness of the protection of medical information and their practice level. The collected data was analysed with a t-test, a dispersion analysis, a Pearson analysis, and a multi-regression analysis. The mean scores on the awareness of protection of medical information was $4.0{\pm}0.7$, and that for the proficiency level was $3.7{\pm}0.7$. As a relevant factor for awareness and proficiency, education in medical information protection was significantly related to awareness. Education experience in medical information protection and the daily mean number of patients in hospitals had a significant relationship with scores on awareness.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2011

Assessment of quality of life (QOL) is a new method to investigate the effectiveness of dietary regimen. Particularly, diet-related QOL is the most appropriate method to estimate social and psychological problems originated from dietary regimen practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diet-related QOL and the correlation between diet-related QOL and health-related QOL, and dietary regimen practice in online diabetes self-help patients who practice the dietary regimen. Sixty one subjects who intended to practice dietary regimen were recruited from online diabetes self-help community, and instructed to fill-up the self report questionnaires. Contents of questionnaire were comprised of general characteristics, clinical characteristics, dietary compliance, and dietary regimen practice. As a result, the mean score of the 'Dietary impact' among the diet-related QOL sub-scales was the lowest suggesting most of the subjects suffer from burden of dietary regimen practice. The "Dietary impact" was correlated with "Taste", "Convenience" and "Cost" (p < 0.05). "Self-care" and "Satisfaction" were positively associated with well-controlled blood glucose and dietary regimen compliance, but negatively associated with "Dietary impact". Diet-related QOL was significantly correlated with the Health-related QOL, particularly the mental and social component (p < 0.05). Diet-related QOL was negatively associated with BMI, and self monitoring blood glucose was negatively correlated with "Self-care" (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Diet-related QOL might be appropriate to evaluate the effects of dietary regimen or nutrition education. The need for dietary education of cognitive-behavioral strategies and problem-solving ability is required.