• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.175-191
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• 2005

This study carried out a survey of students in Gangwon province's general opinion and satisfaction with the school food-service programs implemented in Gangwon province. The method involved a survey of 1,500 elementary, middle, and high school students from 30 schools. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: With regards to their general opinion of the school food-service programs, $70\%$ of the students answered that the size of the portions was appropriate. Moreover, the survey students answered that they were satisfied with the current method in which the food services. The elementary school students were found to be the best at maintaining public order when the food services were being conducted. The largest complaint which the students had towards these food service programs was the taste of the food itself. With regard to the students' degree of satisfaction with the school food service programs, the highest level of satisfaction with the atmosphere during meal times(3.88), followed by the degree of satisfaction with the food(3.27), and the school cafeteria environment(3.20), and the sanitary conditions of the food service facilities(3.14). The overall opinion and degree of satisfaction with school food service programs demonstrated significant differences, depending on the school level and type of food service.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was to assess food hygiene and safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food-service personnel in school food-service programs and to find factors affecting their knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A self-administered questionnaire was offered to a random sample of 40 kitchen employees in elementary schools in one region of Korea, with 37 completing the survey, a response rate of 92.5%. The survey was carried out over a two-month period (April-May, 2001). Knowledge score of the employees was high with a mean/standard deviation of 4.75/0.32 on a 5.0-point scale. They had significantly lower attitude score (4.55$\pm$0.33) and practice score (4.55$\pm$0.45) compared to the score of knowledge (p＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that (1) the employees＇ education level and work experience in school food-service programs affected their knowledge, (2) age, level of living, monthly income, and housing type affected their attitudes, and (3) monthly income, level of living, housing type, and work experience in school food-service programs affected their practices. Pearson＇s correlation analysis confirmed that the knowledge and attitude scores were significantly correlated (r=0.598, p＜0.001). The results indicate that the knowledge, attitude, and practice levels of the employees regarding the food hygiene and safety were better than expected, however, the results suggest a need for the adoption of approaches which take account of socio-economic and environmental influences on behavior to improve and maintain their practice level. The food-handling practices of school food-service employees need to be monitored routinely in order to ensure that safe food is served to our school children.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2003

A survey including an inspection was conducted to assess the sanitary condition of kitchens in the school food-service programs and to prepare background data for improving the safety of school meals. The survey was carried out over a two-month period (September-October, 2001). A self-administered questionnaire recommended by the Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development (MOEHRD) was offered to a random sample of dieticians of twenty-five elementary schools in one region of Korea about food, sanitation, and safety inspection of their kitchens. Air temperature, relative humidity, and airborne microbes in the kitchens were monitored during preparation, cooking, and service. The inspection results showed their sanitary rendition met the level B of the recommendation of the Korea MOEHRD. The range of air temperature of the kitchens was 21.4~22.4$^{\circ}C$. and the range of relative humidity was 62.4~69.6%. The microbiological evaluation of kitchen samples indicated aerobic plate count levels from 22..5 to 26.5 CFU/15 minutes. Although the results of inspection show that the levels of sanitary condition of kitchens in the schools were good, they are not satisfactory for safe food-servile because the temperature and humidity levels are high. This study indicates that the school kitchens should be monitored and strict inspection is necessary. The legal standards for school food-service should include standards for kitchen air temperature, relative humidity, and airborne microbes.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate knowledge, attitudes and related behavior on the food hygiene and safety management of school food-service programs among mothers and to find factors affecting their knowledge, attitudes and behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was offered to a random sample of 301 mothers who have children attending elementary schools in one region of Korea. The survey was carried out over a two-month period (April-May,2001). They had lower behavior scores compared to the scores of knowledge and attitudes (p〈0.05). The micro levels of the knowledge, attitudes and behavior scores also showed the same tendency. Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers' education level affected their knowledge and attitudes, while the participating activity in school food-service programs affected their behavior the most frequently. Pearson's correlation analysis confirmed that the knowledge and attitude scores were significantly correlated (r=0.61404, p〈0.001). The results indicate that the knowledge and attitude levels of mothers regarding the food hygiene and safety of school food-service programs were good, however, their behavior levels were not satisfactory. The findings highlight the importance of participating programs in school food-service programs to close gaps between the behavior and knowledge or attitudes of mothers and to improve their behavior levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of education program and to analyze importance of education courses for school food service cooks. The questionnaires were developed by reviewing literatures on education programs for cooks and by interviewing with cooks who are working in school food service. A total of 150 questionnaires were surveyed at Kyonggi University and 90 of them were analyzed. The cooks in school food service wanted to take continuing education program about cooking skills and school food service operation skills. They wanted to take a culinary courses for 10 days and they wanted to take a food service operation courses for a week. The school food service cooks emphasized on courses of job analysis, laws and regulation, food sanitation, standard recipe, safety, equipment, and facility and layout. And they thought not only Korean food but also western food, Chinese food and Japanese food are important.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 2007

Effective and systematic sanitation management programs are necessary to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks in school foodservice operations. The purpose of this study was to identify the elements to improve in order to ensure the safety of school food service by evaluating sanitation management practices implemented under HACCP-based programs. The survey was designed to assess the level of hygiene practices of school food service by using an inspection checklist of food hygiene and safety. Fifty-four school foodservice establishments considered as poor sanitation practice groups from two year inspections by Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education were surveyed from September to December in 2005. Inspection checklists consisted of seven categories with 50 checkpoints; facilities and equipment management, personal hygiene, ingredient control, process control, environmental sanitation management, HACCP system and safety management. Surveyed schools scored $68.0{\pm}12.42$ points out of 100 on average. The average score (% of compliance) of each field was 10.7/20 (53.3%) for facilities and equipment management, 7.4/11 (67.2%) for personal hygiene, 7.4/11 (74.1%) for ingredient control, 22.4/32 (69.8%) for process control, 8.9/12 (73.8%) for environmental sanitation management, 4.2/7 (59.7%) for HACCP systems management, and 7.2/8 (89.7%) for safety management, respectively. The field to be improved first was the sanitation control of facilities and equipment. The elements to improve this category were unprofessional consultation for kitchen layout, improper compartment of the kitchen area, lacks of pest control, inadequate water supply, poor ventilation system, and insufficient hand-washing facilities. To elevate the overall performance level of sanitation management, prerequisite programs prior to HACCP plan implementation should be stressed on the school officials, specifically principals, for the integration of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.320-330
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• 2005

The purpose of the study was to assess students’preferences on vegetarian menus served at middle and high schools. Four school food service programs that served primarily vegetarian menus were located in Seoul, Kyunggi, Kangwon, and Choongnam provinces. A total of 100 menu items frequently served at the schools were identified. Students participating in the school meals programs were asked to assess their preferences of the menus using a 5-point Likert-type scale(1 : very dislike - 5 : very like). Excluding responses with significant missing data, usable responses were 659. Statistical analyses were performed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance. Menu items of the highest preference scores included kimchi stew, stir-fried kimchi, nangmyon(cold noodles), fried rice and kimchi, miso stew, soft tofu stew, and hard-boiled quail eggs in soy sauce. By menu category, one-dish foods(3.97) were the most preferred and muchim and namul were the least preferred. Female students showed higher preferences on kimchi, steamed items(jjim), stir-fried items, namul, and muchim than male students; middle school students’preference scores were higher than those of the high school students in most menu categories. The menu preference is known as one of the most important factors determining students’food consumption and satisfaction with school food service. Dietitians working at school food service programs that serve primarily vegetarian menus should provide students with nutrition education on proper food selection and focus their efforts on developing new recipes using various vegetables and preparation methods to improve students’food consumption and menu preference.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.356-370
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: School food service has played an important role in promoting the health and physical condition of students by providing students with a balanced and nutritious diet. Therefore, boosting the quality of school food service and improving the students' satisfaction is critical. For this purpose, this study examined the structural causal relationship among the quality of school food service factors, emotional responses, and satisfaction in China. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted with 4th-6th-grade students from 6 junior high schools in Henan province of China, with 590 questionnaire responses (87.3%) collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The school food service quality factors (including menu management, dietary education, facilities management, price and food distribution management, and personal hygiene during meals) must be enhanced to boost the students' satisfaction. In addition, the study used questionnaire survey data to validate the full mediation of students' emotional responses between school food service quality factors and student satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Students' emotions also play an important role in influencing the quality of school food service, all of which affect the emotional responses of students. Therefore, students' positive emotions are an important indicator for improving the quality of school food service. A national support policy is necessary for the ongoing maintenance and development of various programs that drive students' satisfaction and promote the adoption of education guidelines for school food service in China.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.372-377
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• 2005

This study was designed to examine the satisfaction of high school students with different types of foodservice management programs. The importance and the performance of foodservice management programs were evaluated based on the perceptions of high school students about food service characteristics affecting customer satisfactions. The average score of the attributes affecting the importance of school food service program was $4.27\pm0.49$ and the most important attribute was identified as 'the food safety $(4.68\pm0.67)$', followed by 'the taste of food $(4.66\pm0.65)$'. The average scores of all performance dimensions were lower than 3 point. 'Menu dimension' was rated as the lowest dimension $(2.61\pm0.89)$ and 'Food dimension $(2.79\pm0.70)$' was rated as the highest dimension. Significant differences among different types of foodservice management were perceived by respondents in the overall performance (F=40.244, p<0.001). Students who served by contract-conventional management rated significantly higher performance score on all of the performance attributes than the students served by other types of foodservice management. The results of the importance and the performance analysis present that student satisfaction is affected with the type of foodservice management programs and substantial differences lies between the perceptions of foodservice operations and students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.361-372
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the operation and management systems of the school food services in Korea and to provide useful data for improving the quality of the school food services. This study was conducted in school food service operations nationwide using a written questionnaire. The questionnaires were mailed to the dieticians of three types of school food service systems-conventional, commissary, and joint-management. Of the 660 schools that participated in this study, the responses from 212 conventional system, 212 commissary system and 200 joint-management system services were selected for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing the SAS/Win 6.12 program so as the provide a descriptive statistics. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: The average number of meals served per day was 1014, 738 and 695 in the conventional food service, the commissary food service and the joint-management flood service systems, respectively. Over half (58.9%) of food service facilities were utilizing computer programs for their operations. Most of the commissary flood service systems (52.4%) had a satellite school and served a maximum of 2000 meals per day. In most of the joint-management food service systems (87.1%), the number of food service schools managed was two and a maximum of 3330 meals were sewed. Only one dietician was posted irrespective of the school food service system. The mean hours of work by the dietician per day was 8.9, 8.6 and 8.6 in the conventional food service, the commissary flood service and the joint-management food service systems, respectively. The principal work functions of cook personnel were cooking and cleaning.