• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.3925-3942
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• 2016

Like natural climate change on the planet earth, the climate in software development environments is also changing (fast). Like the natural weather, the software environment is also disruptive. As the climate experts alert and suggest taking necessary measures to overcome certain challenges to make this earth a safer and comfortable living place, likewise this article also alerts the relevant stakeholders of software craftsmanship about the dynamic challenges that traditional Software Engineering (SE) with purely "Engineering mind-set" is not capable to respond. Hence, some new thoughts to overcome such challenges are shared. Fundamentally, based on the historical evidences, this article presents the authors' observation about continuous shift from traditional "Engineering-based" software development approaches to disruptive approaches - "Vibrant Softology". The authors see the cause of this shift as disruptive transformational force, which is so powerful that it is uncontrollably diminishing the "Engineering-based" approach from software development environments. The authors align it with climate change analogy. Based on this analogy, the authors feel the need to theoretically re-coin the notion of SE to some new term; perhaps Vibrant/Dynamic Softology (VS or DS). Hence, the authors suggest "a new (disruptive and dynamic) way of thinking is required to develop software". It is worth mentioning that the purpose of article and this new theory is not to disparage the notion of software engineering altogether, rather the aim is to highlight the importance of transformation from SE to its next level (perhaps VS/DS) due to the emerging needs in the software craftsmanship environment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.567-576
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze safety perception level of workers in construction site according to NOSACQ-50. To achieve the objective of this study, First, literature review is conducted to clearly define the concept of safety climate. Second, NOSACQ-50 is used to survey the level of safety climate of workers. Third, statistical analysis based on collected data is conducted to examine the level of safety climate. As a result, the level of safety climate in South Korea was found to be serious comparing with the standard value proposed in NOSACQ-50. Finally, the improvements were suggested after investigating the key factors on the level of safety climate. In the future, this study will be used as a baseline for developing safety awareness assessment tools such as NOSACQ-50 for domestic construction sites.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.601-614
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• 2012

This paper is aimed to analyze the determinants and their relative importance that affect regional competitiveness in the era of globalization and climate change. The panel model was set by a balanced panel data for 7 metropolitan areas & 9 provinces and for the period of 2001~2010. Gross regional income per capita is used as the dependent variable and competitiveness-based factors, economic production factors, and climate change adaptation factors are selected as the explanatory variables. In this study, Model 1(typical regional competitiveness model) and Model 2 (added adaptation to climate change adaptation factors) were compared. The important findings can be summarized as follows. The most influential determinants on regional competitiveness are the ratio of knowledge-based industries and human capital and energy inefficiencies decrease the regional competitiveness. Compared to Model 1, Model 2 showed that the effects of the regional openness and the technology innovation capital are relatively more influential in Model 2. The results of this empirical study provide policy implications to strengthen the regional competitiveness in the future of the era of globalization and climate change.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Climate change is known to affect both natural and managed ecosystems, and will likely impact on the terrestrail carbon balance. This paper reports the effects of climate change on spatial-temporal changes in carbon reductions in South Korea's during 2000-2100. Future carbon (C) stock distributions are simulated for the same period using various spatial data sets including land cover, net primary production(NPP) and leaf area index (LAI) obtained from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and climate data from Data Assimilation Office(DAO) and Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA). This study attempts to predict future NPP using multiple linear regression and to model dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature. Plants store large amounts of carbon during the growing periods. During 2030-2100, Carbon accumulation in vegetation was increased to $566{\sim}610gC/m^2$/year owing to climate change. On the other hand, soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of carbon dioxide. The estimated soil respiration spatially ranged from $49gC/m^2$/year to $231gC/m^2$/year in the year of 2010, and correlating well with the reference value. This results include Spatial-Temporal C reduction variation caused by climate change. Therefore this results is more comprehensive than previous results. The uncertainty in this study is still large, but it can be reduced if a detailed map becomes available.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.spc
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• pp.1045-1056
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• 2018

During the last decades, considerable efforts have been spent for climate studies, in particular to better understand changing climate. In turn, several significant trends in climatic variables have been reported. Explaining such trends is challenging - some of them have been considered contradictory to another. Various hypotheses have also been suggested for general description of changing climate. At this point in time, it would be beneficial to look back and carefully recollect our knowledge about climate change. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review on our forefront knowledge in this context with focus on the trends in temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, evaporation, and precipitation. Major trends, namely warming, dimming, and stilling, are demonstrated together with evaporation paradox and increasing precipitation variability, using data at Seoul. On the basis of understanding these notions, we suggest four key implications to hydrologists and engineers.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2018

This study investigated the variability of spring (March-May) forest fire risk in Korea for the period 1991~2017 and analyzed its relationship with large-scale climate factors. The Forest Weather Index (FWI) representing the meteorological risk for forest fire occurrences calculated based on observational data and its relationship with large-scale climate factors were analyzed. We performed the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on the spring FWI. The leading EOF mode of FWI accounting for about 70% of total variability was found to be highly correlated with total number of forest fire occurrences in Korea. The high FWI, forest fire occurrence risk, in Korea, is associated with warmer atmosphere temperature in midwest Eurasia-China-Korea peninsula, cyclonic circulation anomaly in northeastern China-Korea peninsula-northwest pacific, westerly wind anomaly in central China-Korea peninsula, and low humidity in Korea. These are further related with warmer sea surface temperature and enhanced outgoing longwave radiation over Western Pacific, which represents a typical condition for a La $Ni\tilde{n}a$ episode. This suggests that large-scale climate factors over East Asia and ENSO could have a significant influence on the occurrence of spring forest fires in Korea.

• Atmosphere
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.361-376
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• 2020

This study evaluates multiple Regional Climate Models (RCMs) in simulating temperature and precipitation over the Far East Asia (FEA) and estimates the portions of the total uncertainty originating in the RCMs and the driving Global Climate Models (GCMs) using nine present-day (1981~2000) climate data obtained from combinations of three GCMs and three RCMs in the CORDEX-EA phase2. Downscaling using the RCMs generally improves the present temperature and precipitation simulated in the GCMs. The mean temperature climate in the RCM simulations is similar to that in the GCMs; however, RCMs yield notably better spatial variability than the GCMs. In particular, the RCMs generally yield positive added values to the variability of the summer temperature and the winter precipitation. Evaluating the uncertainties by the GCMs (VARGCM) and the RCMs (VARRCM) on the basis of two-way ANOVA shows that VARRCM is greater than VARGCM in contrast to previous studies which showed VARGCM is larger. In particular, in the winter temperature, the ocean has a very large VARRCM of up to 30%. Precipitation shows that VARRCM is greater than VARGCM in all seasons, but the difference is insignificant. In the following study, we will analyze how the uncertainty of the climate model in the present-day period affects future climate change prospects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2023

The intensified droughts under climate change are expected to threaten stable water resource availability. Droughts exceeding the magnitude of historical variability could occur increasingly frequently under future climate conditions. It is crucial to understand how drought will evolve over time because the assumption of hydrological stationarity of the past decades would be inappropriate for future water resources management. However, the timing of the emergence of unprecedented drought conditions under climate change has rarely been examined. Here, using multimodel hydrological simulations, we investigate the changes in the frequency of hydrological drought (defined as abnormally low river discharge) under high and low greenhouse gas concentration scenarios and with existing water resources management and estimate the timing of the first emergence of unprecedented regional drought conditions that persist for over several consecutive years. This new metric enables a new quantification of the urgency of adaptation and mitigation with regard to drought under climate change. The times are detected for several sub-continental-scale regions, and three regions, namely, southwestern South America, Mediterranean Europe, and northern Africa, exhibit particularly robust and earlier critical times under the high-emission scenario. These three regions are expected to confront unprecedented conditions within the next 30 years with a high likelihood, regardless of the emission scenarios. In addition, the results obtained herein demonstrate the benefits of the lower-emission pathway in reducing the likelihood of emergence. The Paris Agreement goals are shown to be effective in reducing the likelihood to the unlikely level in most regions. Nevertheless, appropriate and prior adaptation measures are considered indispensable to when facing unprecedented drought conditions. The results of this study underscore the importance of improving drought preparedness within the considered time horizons.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2016

This study was to conduct a literature review and a theoretical study on 95 environmental education programs currently being run in the metropolitan area and obtained Environmental Education Program Certification of Ministry of Environment. First, the suitability of the environmental education programs was analyzed in terms of the following criteria which the Second National Environmental Education Master Plan propose: strengthening environmental education within the curriculum, strengthening preschooler environmental education, diversification of environmental education among targeted groups, and invigoration of community-based environmental education, and evaluated the contents and the proportion relevant to climate change. Based on the result, the measure for the improvement of the environmental education programs was proposed. As a result of the analysis, there were only 15 programs for children, and 20 programs for adults. Also, only 9% of the children and adult education programs were addressing climate change respectively, which was indicating low percentage. 75 programs were directly related to the school curriculum, and 8 programs were not related to subjects in regular curriculum. Also, considering addressing climate change, 7 out of 11 programs were related to the school curriculum. 71 out of 95 programs were located in the facilities of local governments. Programs that were including the contents relate to climate change were only 11 out of 95 programs. It is necessary to operate programs by expanding environmental education programs targeting children and adults, so all people are took into account, and consider the connectivity between curriculum and environmental education program in South Korea to increase the effectiveness of education. Also, it is necessary to educate people sustainably by relating the programs with various resources which can be utilized in the local community, to include climate change related contents with more proportion, and to address various subjects rather than focusing on one part of the subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.228-238
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects which applies teaching program that search solution to prevent global warming in middle school gifted class. This program of total 10 class was theoretical and experimental class and the students presented after collecting the synthetic data about climate-change and roleplayed what they debated to firm their country's opinion about Kyoto Protocol. Finally, students as policymaker made mock Kyoto Protocol by discussion. Impression papers and images about climate-changes was made by students in last class. In discussion of making up mock Kyoto Protocol, developed and developing nations had an argument about carbon dioxide emissions because of their economic benefits. In the course of allocating mutual $CO_2$ reduction, they needed yield and negotiation among nations. Although they mainly took passive position about $CO_2$ reduction, atmosphere that all the country make greater effort for the future global environment was formed. Like this, students had more concepts over climate change by making mock Kyoto Protocol. And they could equipped global scientific literacy and responsibility by participating in social decision making process of solving global environmental issues.