• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.363-377
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• 2018

The proper functioning of critical points on transport infrastructure is decisive for the entire network. Tunnels and bridges certainly belong to the critical points of the surface transport network, both road and rail. Risk management should be a holistic and dynamic process throughout the entire life cycle. However, the level of risk is usually determined only during the design stage mainly due to the fact that it is a time-consuming and costly process. This paper presents a simplified quantitative risk analysis method that can be used any time during the decades of a tunnel's lifetime and can estimate the changing risks on a continuous basis and thus uncover hidden safety threats. The presented method is a decision support system for tunnel managers designed to preserve or even increase tunnel safety. The CAPITA method is a deterministic scenario-oriented risk analysis approach for assessment of mortality risks in road tunnels in case of the most dangerous situation - a fire. It is implemented through an advanced risk analysis CAPITA SW. Both, the method as well as the resulting software were developed by the authors' team. Unlike existing analyzes requiring specialized microsimulation tools for traffic flow, smoke propagation and evacuation modeling, the CAPITA contains comprehensive database with the results of thousands of simulations performed in advance for various combinations of variables. This approach significantly simplifies the overall complexity and thus enhances the usability of the resulting risk analysis. Additionally, it provides the decision makers with holistic view by providing not only on the expected risk but also on the risk's sensitivity to different variables. This allows the tunnel manager or another decision maker to estimate the primary change of risk whenever traffic conditions in the tunnel change and to see the dependencies to particular input variables.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.19-26
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• 1997

Firesafety design engineerings have been mainly derived from complicated rearrangement of descriptive specifications in codes or regulations through a great number of lessons from fire disasters. In this paper, the author refers to some recent developments in the field of building fire protection. At first, the author expresses his viewpoints concerning performance-based design codes, which have been popular throughout the world as a symbol of freedom from restricted usage of building materials and components prescrived in regulation or bylaws, in spite of some conflicts between objects-oriented design method and industrial mass production. Secondly, the author introduces several innovative fire protection methods adopted for large or void spaces in building complex. Finally, the author forcasts a next development of firesafety science and technology, aimed at securing personal safety in hyperscale urban areas.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.60-72
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to measure the change in evacuation time at high schools according to the change in hallway width using an evacuation simulation program and to analyze the result of such change. In order to measure the evacuation time according to the change in the hallway width according to the 「Rules on the Standards for Evacuation and Fire Protection Structures of Buildings」 and to analyze the change in evacuation time resulted from the increase in the number of occupants, a scenario was constructed by applying the 「performance-oriented design method and standard for firefighting facilities, etc.」. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the evacuation time was the shortest when the width of the hallway was the widest, which was 3m. On the other hand, the evacuation time took the longest at 1.8m, which was the width of the second narrowest hallway. For the safety of high school students who spend a lot of time at school, it is necessary to secure a wide hallway width when building a new school or to provide periodic safety education in the case of an existing school whose hallways are considered narrow.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 지하철 승강장에서 열차화재가 발생하는 경우, 승강장 제연풍량 및 제연모드(급기 또는 배기)에 따른 정량적 위험도 평가를 통해 안전확보에 효과적인 제연풍량 및 모드를 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 중앙계단을 갖는 상대식 승강장을 모델로 하여 화재발생 시나리오를 작성하였으며, 시나리오별 화재해석을 수행하여 연기전파특성과 ASET을 비교·분석하고 대피해석을 수행하여 사망자수를 예측하였다. 또한, 시나리오별로 화재사고 발생률(F)/사망자수(N)선도(F/N선도)를 작성하여 제연풍량 및 제연모드에 따른 위험도를 비교·평가하였다. 소방시설 등의 성능위주 설계 방법 및 기준에서 정하는 유해요소(일산화탄소, 온도, 가시거리)에 대한 ASET 분석에서는 가시거리의 영향이 가장 크게 나타나고 있으며, 화재열차의 승강장 진입지연을 고려하지 않은 경우에 풍량을 4 × 833 m³/min할 때 ASET은 약 800초 정도로 분석되었다. 예상사망자수는 화재차량위치에 따라 큰 차이가 있으며, 계단부에 인접한 차량에서 화재가 발생하는 경우에 선두부 차량대비 3배 까지 증가하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 제연풍량이 증가하면 사망자수가 감소하며 배기 보다는 급기방식이 감소율이 증가한다. 급기풍량이 4 × 833 m³/min일 때 예상 사망자수는 제연을 수행하지 않는 경우 대비 13%수준으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 위험도 평가결과, 제연을 수행하는 경우에는 현행 사회적 위험도 평가기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 예상사망자수는 제연을 수행하지 않는 경우, 10,000년에 29.9명에서 제연을 수행하는 경우에는 풍량이 4 × 833 m³/min일 때 4.36명으로 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다.