• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.146-154
• /
• 2013

Capillaria hepatica (syn. Calodium hepatica) is a parasite found mainly in rodent liver. But, it has also been found in a wide variety of mammals, including humans. This worm is unique as it is the only nematode parasite that is embedded in the liver parenchyma of the host even during the adult stage of the life cycle. They produce eggs that elicit a marked granulomatous reaction that eventually destroys the worms. Fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltration are often observed around adult nematodes embedded in the liver parenchyma of the host. For this reason, complete isolation of this slender worm and observation of the intact ultrastructure is very difficult. In this study, 10 intact whole worms (C. hepatica) were isolated from the liver of 3-week-old mouse after inoculation of artificially embryonated eggs collected from house rats (Rattus norvegicus). Their external structure of was observed with light and scanning electron microscopy. The length of the isolated female and male C. hepatica was approximately 69.60 mm and 36.92 mm, respectively. More detailed ultrastructure, including bacillary band, eggs and vulva in female and spicule and spicule sheath in male C. hepatica was also described.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.5B
• /
• pp.277-285
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we present a simulation model of Slammer worm propagation process which caused serious disruptions on Internet in the you of 2003 and analyze the process of Slammer by using NS-2. Recently introduced NS-2 modeling called "Detailed Network-Abstract Network Model" had enabled packet level analysis. However, it had deficiency of accommodating only small sized network. By extending the NS-2 DN-AN model to AN-AN model (Abstract Network-Abstract Network model), it is effectively simulated that the whole process from the initial infection to the total network congestion on hourly basis not only for the Korean network but also for the rest of the world networks. Furthermore, the progress of the propagation from Korean network to the other country was also simulated through the AN-AN model. 8,848 hosts in Korean network were infected in 290 second and 66,152 overseas hosts were infected in 308 second. Moreover, the scanning traffics of the worm at the Korean international gateway saturated the total bandwidth in 154 seconds for the inbound traffic and in 135 seconds for the outbound one.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.348-352
• /
• 2009

This report deals with the morphology of the horsehair worm isolated in canine vomitus. We received a worm in living status. The worm was investigated by using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for species determination. Grossly, the worm was blackish brown in color and 215 mm in length and 1.2 mm in maximum width. Microscopically, the worm was composed of epicuticle, cuticle, epidermis, muscle, mesenchyme, pseudocoel, nerve cord and gut. But the genital organ was not developed. The SEM study revealed that the cuticle contains five types of elevated structures called areoles. The cuticular surface of the parasite is covered by an abundant type of areoles: simple areole, tubercle areole, bulging areole, crowned areole, circumcluster areole. The observed characteristics of the specimen in this study are same to those of genus Chordodes. And we concluded that it is a male of Chordodes koreensis belong to Gordiida. Only nine species of freshwater Nematomorpha are known from Korea, two of which belong to the genus Chordodes. But the case of parasitic horsehair worm in dogs do not recorded, and this is a first gordiosis of dog in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 1983

An electron microscopic study was performed to know the basic tegumental structure of Cysticercus cellulosae. The scolex and bladder portions of cysticerci (human and porcine strains) were prepared for transmission and scanning electron microscopy by conventional procedures. In general, the tegument of C. cellulosae showed the basic ultrastructure of cestode tegument on electron micrographs. The teguments of both scolex and bladder portions consisted of such components, i.e., an outer vesicular layer with numerous microtriches and inner filroug layer. Below the fibrous layer, there were layers of muscle bundles and tegumental cells. The microtriches which covered the surface of cysticercus revealed two distinctly different shapes. The characteristic bladder-like, elongated pyramid shaped "tetrahedrial form" was observed on the surface of the scolex portion, whereas the elongated cylindrical "filamentous form" was distributed on the stirface of bladder portion. In spite of the difference of isolated host and location, the cysticerci showed tole same result. But dimensional variations of the tegument according to topography of the worm were observed. The possibility of application in making differential diagnosis from other larval cestodes and possible functions of this larval tegument were discussed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.191-204
• /
• 2010

There is a well-defined propagation model, named the random constant spread (RCS) model, which explains worms that spread their clones with a random scanning strategy. This model uses the number of infected hosts in a domain as a factor in the worms' propagation. However, there are difficulties in explaining the characteristics of new Internet worms because they have several considerable new features: the denial of service by network saturation, the utilization of a faster scanning strategy, a smaller size in the worm's propagation packet, and to cause maximum damage before human-mediated responses are possible. Therefore, more effective factors are required instead of the number of infected hosts. In this paper, the network bandwidth usage rate is found to be an effective factor that explains the propagations of the new Internet worms with the random scanning strategy. The analysis and simulation results are presented using this factor. The simulation results show that the scan rate is more sensitive than the propagation packet for detecting worms' propagations.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.487-497
• /
• 1990

This study was carried out to observe in vitro effect of praziquantel on the tegumental changes of Heterophyopsis continua with scanning electron microscope. Metacercariae were collected from the perch, Lateolabrax japonicus, by artificial digestion technique and fed to 2-week old chickens. Adult worms were recovered from small intestine of chickens 8 days after infection. For working solutions, praziquantel was diluted with TC199 medium at concentration of 0.01, 0.1. 1 and $10{\mu}g/ml$. To each petri dish containing 10ml of solution, 5~10 worms were introduced and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$. For the scanning electron microscopy(SEM), the worms were fixed in cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in a series of graded ethanol and freeze-dried. Dried specimen was mounted on stub and coated with gold and observed in an SEM. The results were as follows: 1. Severe tegumental alterations were recognized by scanning electron microscope. Bleb formation of tegument was observed in 5 minute group and most pronounced on anterior tegument of worms. The number and size of blebs increased as incubation time prolonged. 2. The surface destruction was more pronounced at ventral margin between the oral and the ventral suckers. 3. The sensory papillae were slightly affected, but destruction of tegumental spine was not recognized. 4. The effect of praziquantel on the worm was found dependent on the concentration and incubation time, however, the effect was more dependent upon the incubation time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.82-84
• /
• 2005

기존의 웜 탐지는 중요한 네트워크 소스의 폭주라 스위치 라우터 및 말단 시스템에서의 변동 효과를 가지고 공격을 판단했었다. 하지만 최근의 인터넷 웜은 발생 초기에 대응하지 못하면 그 피해의 규모가 기하급수적으로 늘어난다. 또한 방어하기가 어려운 서비스 거부 공격을 일으킬 수 있는 간접 공격의 주범이 될 수 있다는 정에서 웜의 탐지와 방어는 인터넷 보안에 있어서 매우 중요한 사안이 되었다. 본 논문에서는 이미 알려진 공격뿐 아니라 새로운 웜의 스캐닝 공격을 탐지하기 위하여, 패턴 분류 문제에 있어서 우수한 성능을 보이는 Support Vector Machine(SVM)[1]을 사용하여 인터넷 웜의 스캐닝 공격을 탐지하는 시스템 모델을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.1482-1485
• /
• 2009

DDoS 공격은 네트워크 보안에 큰 피해를 미치는 공격기법의 하나로써, 국내외로 많은 피해를 유발하고 있으며, 최근에도 DDoS 공격에 의한 피해는 빈번하게 보고되고 있다. DDoS 공격은 실제 공격에 앞서 웜과 악성 BOT을 이용하여 공격을 직접 수행할 호스트를 감염시킨다. 웜과 악성 BOT이 타깃 호스트를 감염시키기 전에 반드시 수행하는 것이 취약점에 대한 스캐닝이다. 본 논문에서는 웜과 악성 BOT의 스캐닝 행위에 초점을 맞추어 DDoS 공격으로부터 안전한 네트워크를 구축하기 위한 역 IP spoofing을 이용한 DDoS 웜 스캐닝 트래픽의 처리기법을 제안한다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.309-313
• /
• 2023

Polygordiidae is recorded as a new record in the Korean fauna. Twenty-three specimens of Polygordius pacificus were collected from the low intertidal zone with coarse sandy bottom on the eastern coasts of Korea. Morphologically, there was no doubt that the specimens are close to the holotype of P. pacificus, particularly due to the presence of elongated and longitudinal pygidial glands, and the length to width ratio. The prostomium of the Korean specimens have a rounded shape that is similar to subsequent research using scanning electron microscope. The DNA sequence comparison of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) between Korean and Japanese population supports the identification of present specimens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2004

The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (＞1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.