• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1994

Although bone scan is a highly sensitive test for detecting bone metastasis, its findings are often limited in specificity and cannot be used for assessing the bone marrow. Bone marrow scintigraphy may provide useful information but previous experience with radiolabelled colloid has been disappointing. Recently, $^{99m}Tc$ labeled anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody (anti-NCA-95 MAb) has been introduced as a new bone marrow imaging agent. To evaluate the usefulness of $^{99m}Tc$ anti-NCA MAb bone marrow scans for detecting skeletal metastasis, bone marrow scans of 44 malignant tumor patients were evaluated and compared with bone scan findings. Bone scan showed abnormal lesions in 26(59%) cases, and 18 of these patients also had an abnormal bone marrow scan. Seven of the 8 patients who had normal bone marrow scan despite bone scan lesions were confirmed to be free from metastasis. There was one case with a marrow defect despite normal bone scan but the presence of metastasis was not determined due to loss of follow up. Bone scan demonstrated a total of 64 lesions while bone marrow scan showed 38 lesions. Fifty percent (32/64) of the bone scan lesions had matching marrow defects while the remaining 50% did not. Most of these non matched lesions were suggested to be nonspecific lesions such as rib fractures or degenerative change. Meanwhile bone marrow scan was able to detect 6 new lesions not detected by bone scan, bit metastasis in each lesion was not confirmed. Bone marrow scan was also helpful in assessing equivocal bone scan lesions to be of metastatic nature in 10 patients by demonstrating a matched marrow defect. Thus $^{99m}Tc$ anti-NCA MAb bone marrow scan can help exclude metastasis in patients with nonspecific bone scan lesions and may be able to detect metastatic lesions not seen with bone scan. It appears useful as a complementary study to bone scan in evaluating malignant tumor patients.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.729-732
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• 2011

Power consumption during testing System-On-Chip (SOC) is becoming increasingly important as the IP core increases in SOC. We present a new algorithm to reduce the scan-in power using the modified scan latch reordering and clock gating. We apply scan latch reordering technique for minimizing the hamming distance in scan vectors. Also, during scan latch reordering, the don't care inputs in scan vectors are assigned for low power. Also, we apply the clock gated scan cells. Experimental results for ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits show that reduced low power scan testing can be achieved in all cases.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2008

The increasing size of very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits, high transistor density, and popularity of low-power circuit and system design are making the minimization of power dissipation an important issue in VLSI design. Test Power dissipation is exceedingly high in scan based environments wherein scan chain transitions during the shift of test data further reflect into significant levels of circuit switching unnecessarily. Scan chain or cell modification lead to reduced dissipations of power. The ETC algorithm of previous work has weak points. Taking all of this into account, we therefore propose a new algorithm. Its name is RE_ETC. The proposed modifications in the scan chain consist of Exclusive-OR gate insertion and scan cell reordering, leading to significant power reductions with absolutely no area or performance penalty whatsoever. Experimental results confirm the considerable reductions in scan chain transitions. We show that modified scan cell has the improvement of test efficiency and power dissipations.

• 천문학논총
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1993

The variation of instrumental profile for the different scan speed of PDS is estimated as FWHM of the assumed Gaussian Profile. The effects of scan speed and scan aperture of PDS on the objective prism spectrum analysis are investigated for 8 combinations of scan speed and scan aperture. Amomg them. D1 apture with 15 csu is found to be the most optimum choice for measuring KISO objective prism film. We suggest the preliminary test study of the scan speed and aperture for the optimum use of PDS for any massive scan of spectra. The optimum scan speed and aperture depends on the dispersion of spectrum as well as the type of phtographic emulsion.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1989

The purpose of this preliminary report was to describe the operating procedure of T-scan system and to identify the location, timing and force of occlusal contact in patient with normal occlusion using computerized T-scan system. From the preliminary observation , the author obtained the following results. 1. T-scan system displayed 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional description of occlusion: contact locations, timing (sequence) and forces of occlusal contacts. 2. The T-scan sensor was the most important part of the T-scan system. 3. The data of T-scan system cannot be stored in computer diskett. 4. The T-scan system is thought to be the most effective system to detect occlusal contacts and can be applied to the followings : occlusal diagnosis, occlusal equilibration, crown and bridge restorative procedures, denture adjustment, implant procedures, splint adjustment, laboratory procedures, periodontal treatment, orthodontics, TMJ treatment and patient education etc.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1997

To overcome the large hardware overhead attendant in the full scan design, the concept of partial scan design has emerged with the virtue of less area and testability close to full scan. Combinational Structure has been developed to avoid the use of sequential test generator. But the patterns sifted on scan register have to be held for sequential depth period upon the aid of the dedicated HOLD circuit. In this paper, a new levelized structure is introduced aiming to exclude the need of extra HOLD circuit. The time to stimulate each scan latch is uniquely determined on this structure, hence each test pattern can e applied by scan shifting and then pulsing a system clock like the full scan but with much les scan flip-flops. Experimental results show that some sequential circuits are levelized by just scanning self-loop flip-flops.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1995

To evaluate the diagnostic value of pulmonary perfusion scan, we obtained 99mTc MAA per-fusion lung scan from 25 cases of airway foreign bodies. The results were as follows. 1) Significant changes in blood gases were not observed after the establishment of regional hypoperfusion caused by airway foreign body. 2) Near total or total defect was noted on perfusion scan from most of the airway foreign body. 3) There was correspondance of findings of perfusion lung scan and duration of airway foreign body. 4) After the removal of airway foreign bodies, perfusion scan abnormalities were reversed in parallel with the recovery of pulmonary blood flow. We concluded that pulmonary perfusion scan may be valuable for detection of foreign body and reversible hypoperfusion.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Recently, many scan projects are gradually increasing for maintenance, construction. The scan data contains useful data, which can be generated in the target application from the facility, space. However, modeling the scan data required for the application requires a lot of cost. In example, the converting 3D point cloud obtained from scan data into 3D object is a time-consuming task, and the modeling task is still very manual. This research proposes Scan-to-Geometry Mapping Rule Definition (S2G-MD) which maps point cloud data to geometry for irregular building plane objects. The S2G-MD considers user use case variability. The method to define rules for mapping scan to geometry is proposed. This research supports the reverse engineering semi-automatic process for the building planar geometry from the user perspective.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2008

A new scan partition architecture to reduce both the average and peak power dissipation during scan testing is proposed for low-power embedded systems. In scan-based testing, due to the extremely high switching activity during the scan shift operation, the power consumption increases considerably. In addition, the reduced correlation between consecutive test patterns may increase the power consumed during the capture cycle. In the proposed architecture, only a subset of scan cells is loaded with test stimulus and captured with test responses by freezing the remaining scan cells according to the spectrum of unspecified bits in the test cubes. To optimize the proposed process, a novel graph-based heuristic to partition the scan chain into several segments and a technique to increase the number of don't cares in the given test set have been developed. Experimental results on large ISCAS89 benchmark circuits show that the proposed technique, compared to the traditional full scan scheme, can reduce both the average switching activities and the average peak switching activities by 92.37% and 41.21%, respectively.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2009

목적 : 핵의학 검사에는 동일한 목적부위에 시간경과에 따른 변화를 관찰하고, 일정시간 동안에 여러 번 나누어 영상을 획득하는 검사들이 많이 있다. 이 때 동일한 영상 획득 조건이 적용되어야만 한다. Hepatobiliary scan, lung scan 등의 검사는 시간 간격을 두고, 여러 번의 영상을 획득하는 검사이다. 해당 검사 별로 최초의 영상에서 설정된 계수를 획득하기 위해 소요되는 시간을 연속되는 다음의 영상에 동일하게 적용하는 pre-set time을 설정한다. 이 때 각각의 영상에서 동일한 검사 시간이 적용되어야 한다. 이 연구는 pre-set time을 적용하는 검사에 스캔 시간의 결정시기에 따라 스캔 시간의 변동을 분석하고 이에 대한 합리적인 대안을 찾으려 한다. 실험재료 및 방법 : 2009년 1월부터 2009년 3월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과에서 방사성의약품 $^{99m}Tc$-mebrofenin을 이용한 간담도 검사를 대상으로 하였다. 환자에게 222 MBq (6mCi)를 정맥주사한 후 5분이 지난 뒤에 스캔을 시작하였다. 두 개의 검출기를 서로 마주보게 하여, 환자가 양쪽 검출기 사이에서 erect position을 유지하도록 하였고 환자는 복부 전면을 검출기에 최대한 밀착하였다. 스캔을 시작한 후 총 검사시간의 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%일 때 예상 검사 종료 시간을 측정하였다. 이 측정시간을 스캔이 모두 끝난 후에 최종 검사시간과 검사 도중 예상되는 스캔 시간을 비교하였다. 그리고 팬텀을 이용하여 선량에 따른 시간 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 스캔을 시작하고 스캔 시간이 총 예상 스캔 시간의 10% 되었을 때, 25% 되었을 때, 50% 되었을 때, 75% 되었을 때의 차이는 10%일 때 최대 5초 이상의 시간차이를 보였으며, 25% 되었을 때(t:2.88, p<0.01)와 50%가 되었을 때 (t:2.05, p<0.01) 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결론 : 스캔이 모두 종료된 후에 스캔 시간을 결정하는 것이 가장 정확한 측정치를 가지지만, 실무현장에 적용에는 다소간의 어려운 점이 있었다. 이것은 정량분석이 필요한 검사에 부정확한 결과치를 초래 할 수 있고, 이를 개선하려는 검사자의 노력이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 스캔을 시작하고 최소한 총 스캔시간의 약 50% 이상이 지난 후에, 총 스캔시간을 결정하는 것이 영상간의 불일치하는 스캔시간으로 유발되는 정량 분석 오차를 최소화 할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.