• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.423-431
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• 2022

In this paper, the results of Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM) test for a 1/15 scaled model of the MARIN Joubert BB2 submarine is dealt with to derive the maneuvering coefficients for surface condition. For the depth of surface navigation, the top of the sail was exposed 0.46 m above the water surface in the model scale, and it corresponds to 6.9 m in the full scale. The resistance and self-propulsion tests were conducted, and the model's self-propulsion point was obtained for 1.328 m/s, which corresponded to 10 knots in the full scale. The maneuvering tests were performed at the model's self-propulsion point, and the maneuvering coefficients were obtained. Based on the maneuvering coefficients, a turning simulation was performed for starboard 30 degree of stern fins. The straight-line stability and control effectiveness in the horizontal plane were analyzed using the maneuvering coefficients and compared with the appropriate range. For the analysis of the neutral fin angle of the X-type stern fin, the stern fin test with drift angles was carried out. As a result, the flow straightening effect at lower and upper parts of the stern fin was discussed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.827-841
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• 2022

The rotation capacities of the plastic hinges located at beam-ends are significantly reduced in traditional steel framed-tube structures (SFTSs) because of the small span-to-depth ratios of the deep beams, leading to the low ductility and energy dissipation capacities of the SFTSs. High-strength steel framed-tube structures with replaceable shear links (HSSFTS-RSLs) are proposed to address this issue. A replaceable shear link is located at the mid-span of a deep spandrel beam to act as a ductile fuse to dissipate the seismic energy in HSSFTS-RSLs. A 2/3-scaled HSSFTS-RSL specimen with a shear link fabricated of high-strength low-alloy Q355 structural steel was created, and a cyclic loading test was performed to study the hysteresis behaviors of this specimen. The test results were compared to the specimens with soft steel shear links in previous studies to investigate the feasibility of using high-strength low-alloy steel for shear links in HSSFTS-RSLs. The effects of link web stiffener spaces on the cyclic performance of the HSSFTS-RSLs with Q355 steel shear links were investigated based on the nonlinear numerical analysis. The test results indicate that the specimen with a Q355 steel shear link exhibited a reliable and stable seismic performance. If the maximum interstory drift of HSSFTS-RSL is designed lower than 2% under earthquakes, the HSSFTS-RSLs with Q355 steel shear links can have similar seismic performance to the structures with soft steel shear links, even though these shear links have similar shear and flexural strength. For the Q355 steel shear links with web height-to-thickness ratios higher than 30.7 in HSSFTS-RSLs, it is suggested that the maximum intermediate web stiffener space is decreased by 15% from the allowable space for the shear link in AISC341-16 due to the analytical results.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

W-beam guardrail system has been the most popular roadside safety device around the world. Through large plastic deformation and corresponding energy dissipation, a W-beam guardrail system contains and re-directs out-of-control vehicles so as to reduce the impact damage on the vehicle occupants and the vehicles themselves. In this paper, our recent experiments on 1 : 3.75 downscaled W-beam and the beam-post system are reported. The static and impact test results on the load characteristics, the global response and the local cross-sectional distortion are reveled. The effects of three different end-boundary conditions for the beam-only testing are examined. It is found that the load characteristics are much dependent on the combined contribution of the local cross-sectional distortion and the end-supporting conditions. The energy Partitioning between the beam and the supporting Posts in the beam-Post-system testing were also examined. The results showed that the energy dissipation partitioning changed with the input impact energy. Finally, a simple mass-spring model is developed to assess the dynamic response of a W-beam guardrail system in response to an impact loading. The model's prediction agrees well with the experimental results.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.207-227
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• 2011

In flexural strength design of unconfined reinforced concrete (RC) members, the concrete compressive stress-strain curve is scaled down from the uni-axial stress-strain curve such that the maximum concrete stress adopted in design is less than the uni-axial strength to account for the strain gradient effect. It has been found that the use of this smaller maximum concrete stress will underestimate the flexural strength of unconfined RC members although the safety factors for materials are taken as unity. Herein, in order to investigate the effect of strain gradient on the maximum concrete stress that can be developed in unconfined flexural RC members, several pairs of plain concrete (PC) and RC inverted T-shaped specimens were fabricated and tested under concentric and eccentric loads. From the test results, the maximum concrete stress developed in the eccentric specimens under strain gradient is determined by the modified concrete stress-strain curve obtained from the counterpart concentric specimens based on axial load and moment equilibriums. Based on that, a pair of equivalent rectangular concrete stress block parameters for the purpose of flexural strength design of unconfined RC members is determined.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.2236-2245
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• 2011

This paper deals with the levitation force characteristics of electromagnet for MAGLEV vehicle application. The magnetic flux density distribution and levitation force characteristics of the electromagnet are investigated by means of equivalent magnetic circuit model. Firstly, we defined the aligned and unaligned electromagnet module for the full-electromagnet, and magnetic flux paths are represented for each model including leakage and fringing flux paths. Because of the analysis model contains both the permanent magnet and electromagnet coil, we calculated the airgap magnetic flux density and levitation forces using flux superposition in electromagnetic circuit. The results are validated extensively by comparison with finite element analysis. Moreover, the 1/4 scaled magnetic levitation and propulsion test vehicle has been manufactured and tested in order to verify these predictions. The experimental results confirms the validity of the analytical prediction with equivalent magnetic circuit model for the description of a electromagnet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.36-41
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• 2017

Aero gas turbine engines must demonstrate their ability to be ignited on ground conditions or relighted in flight. The electric spark ignition is usually used in current aero gas turbine engines. Experiments on ignition characteristics relating to spark igniter penetration depth under atmospheric pressure and temperature conditions were conducted on the model combustor which is scaled in 1/18. Exciter was operated during 2 seconds, and successful ignition phenomena were confirmed by the pressure rising sharply in combustor. In addition, instantaneous ignition images were captured by a high-speed camera. It showed kernel propagation and successful ignition events in the sector model combustor. Ignition test results showed that ignition limit with increase in penetration depth of the igniter plug was wider. When the penetration depth of the igniter plug increased under the same fuel injection pressure condition, successful ignition events were obtained in higher differential pressure conditions between inlet and outlet of the combustor. The results demonstrate that the ratio of the combustible mixture, which is exposed to the high temperature environment around the igniter plug tip, increases. Thereby affect the combustor ignition performance.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-195
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• 2016

To secure the stability of geotechnical infrastructures and minimize failures during the construction process, a number of support systems have been introduced in the last several decades. In particular, stabilization methods using steel bars have been widely used in the field of geotechnical engineering. Rock bolt system is representative support system using steel bars. Pre-stressing has been applied to enhance reinforcement performance but can be released because of the failure of head or anchor sections. To overcome this deficiency, this paper proposes an innovative support system that can actively reinforce the weak ground along the whole structural element by introducing an active tension bolt containing a spring unit to the middle of the steel bar to increase its reinforcement capacity. In addition, the paper presents the support mechanism of the active tension bolt based on a theoretical study and employs an experimental study to validate the performance of the proposed active tension bolt based on a down-scaled model. To examine the feasibility of the active tension unit in a pillar, the paper considers a pullout test and a small-scale experimental model. The experimental results suggest the active tension bolt to be an effective support system for pillar reinforcement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.44-52
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• 2004

In this study, a component map generation method using experimental data and the genetic algorithms are newly proposed. In order to generate the performance map for components of this engine, after obtaining engine performance data through many experimental tests, and then the third order equations which have relationships the mass flow function the pressure ratio and the isentropic efficiency as to the engine rotational speed were derived by using the genetic algorithms. A steady-state performance analysis was performed with the generated maps of the compressor by the commercial gas turbine performance analysis program GASTURB. In comparison, it was found that the component maps can be generated from the experimental test data by using the genetic algorithms, and it was confirmed that the analysis results using the generated maps were very similar to those using the scaled maps from the GASTURB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.161-168
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• 1999

A series of centrifuge model tests were performed in order to investigate the behaviors of various tunnel linings. A 1/100-scaled aluminum and hydrostone horseshoe tunnel linings with a radius km, height km were buried in a depth of C/D=3 with dry Joomunjin standard sand, the relative density of which was 86%. Bending moments and thrusts along the tunnel circumference were measured by 12 strain gages. Earth pressures in soil and on lining were estimated by pressure transducers, ground surface settlements at center and edges by using LVDTs. Average Ko(coefficient of earth pressure at rest) was 0.39 for the model sand. The structural behaviors of lining depended on its damaged conditions. But, as a rule, on the crown, the tensile circumferential strain of lining occurred at the inner surface, and the compressive at the outer surface, then positive bending moment was created at the crown. The circumferential strain of the inner surface on the springline was tensile, and the outer compressive, so negative bending moment was measured at the springline. For hydrostone linings, cracks initiated at the inner surface on the crown, and the outer on the springline over average 40g.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1998

Personality characteristics were studied by means of SCL-90-R test, Behavioral problem and pain site was studied Isleep disturbance, irregular eating habit, decreased physical activity, decreased social activity, increased emotional tension) by examination sheets. This study was conducted to examine the mature and extent of psychological difference between the students who failed the college-entrance examination and freshment and to determine whether psychological distress acts as a precipitate for craniocervical pain. 96students who failed the college-entrance examination (examination-failed student) and 86 freshmen were included in this study. The obtained results were as follows : Mean T-score of SCL-90-R primary scaled and global Indies in examination-failed students were significantly higher than the freshmen group. In comparison with examination-failed student group, the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain was significantly higher than the freshmen group. When the study and control group were compared in behavioral problem the study group had not more sound sleep than the control group. The study group had more irregular eating habit than control group. The study group had the lower physical activity than control group. The study group had poor social activity than control group. There was no significant difference in emotional tension.