• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2007

가공식품 섭취에 의한 3-MCPD 위해평가를 위하여 시판 소스류와 라면 스프 중 3-MCPD 오염도를 분석하고 식이 노출량을 산출하였다. 2005년 8월에서 9월 사이 서울에서 유통되고 있는 소스류와 라면 제품을 각 25개씩 수집하고 GC/MS를 이용하여 3-MCPD 잔존량을 분석하였다. 6개 소스 시료에서 3-MCPD가 검출되었고 최대검출 수준은 0.045 mg/kg이었으며 3-MCPD 치대허용치인 0.3 mg/kg을 초과하는 제품은 없었다. 생산량 기준 1인당 소스 소비량을 이용하여 추정한 3-MCPD의 식이노출량은 $0.094{\mu}g/person/day$이었다. 분석된 라면 스프에서 3-MCPD가 검출되지 않아 3-MCPD 식이노출에 라면 스프의 섭취는 기여하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

We investigated changes in the physiochemical quality of sailfin sandfish sauces fermented with two kojis during long-term storage at room temperature. Four fish sauces, including a control, were prepared by salt-fermentation with soybean koji (S-koji) or rice koji (R-koji) after autolysis. During storage, for 12 months, the color and levels of amino acids, total volatile base nitrogen (T-VBN) and organic acids but not moisture, salt or total nitrogen levels or pH differed markedly according to fish sauce type. The total nitrogen level was highest in S-koji, but there was no difference in the rate of increase in amino acid levels among the four fish sauces during storage. The T-VBN, of autolysis and S-koji were significantly higher than those of the control and R-koji during the entire storage period (P<0.05). The initial organic acid level did not differ among the four fish sauces, whereas it was notably higher in R-koji than in the other sauces at the end of storage. Hunter L, a and b values decreased in all fish sauces with increasing storage time. In conclusion, soybean koji may enhance the levels of nitrogen compounds as well as T-VBN in fish sauce, while rice koji reduced the formation of excess T-VBN and increased organic acid levels during storage at room temperature.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.507-511
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• 1994

재래식 간장과 상업적으로 시판되는 양조간장을 미역국, 무우국, 북어국, 숙주나물에 조미료로 사용하여 소비자의 기호도를 조사하였다. 소비자들이 국을 조미하는데 소금을 사용하는 경향이 있음을 감안하여, 기호도 조사에 소금도 포함하였다. 관능검사는 일차적으로 차이식별검사를 실시하여 두 조미료간에 유의성 있는 차이가 인정되면, 소비자의 기호도를 조사하였다. 차이식별검사는 약 30명의 훈련된 패널을 이용하여 삼점법에 의하여 실시하였으며, 소비자 기호도 조사에는 약 100명의 소비자 패널을 이용하여 기호척도법에 의하여 실시하였다. 미역국, 무우국, 북어국에 재래간장, 시판 국간장 및 소금을 조미료로 사용한 경우 조미료간에 현저한 맛의 차이가 있었으며, 소비자 패널은 시판 국간장을 가장 선호하였고, 다음으로 소금을 선호하였다. 재래간장과 시판 진간장을 이용하여 각각의 sauces를 만들어 숙주나물 무침에 사용하여 차이식별검사를 실시한 결과 사용한 sauces간에 현저한 차이가 있었으나, 소비자 검사결과 sauces간에 기호도의 차이는 없었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.355-370
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• 2019

The present study aimed at evaluating effects of traditional sauce type and storage time on shelf-life and flavor compounds of marinated pork cooked by Sous-Vide method. Five different traditional sauces (Meju soy sauce, Brewed soy sauce, Fish-soy sauce, Ishiru fish sauce and Anchovy fish sauce) purchased from Asian countries were used. After marination with the sauces, polyvinylchloride film bags containing the marinated pork samples were cooked using Sous-Vide method for $55^{\circ}C$ for 5 h and $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and were then stored for 8 wk at $10^{\circ}C$. Results showed that the pork samples marinated with the sauces retarded the growth of total plate counts (TPC) during storage. At $8^{th}$ wk storage, TPC counts were significantly lower in all samples marinated with the sauces compared to control (p<0.05). Lipid oxidation level was significantly lower in the T2 (Meju soy sauce) and T6 (Anchovy fish sauce) compared to those of T3 (Brewed soy sauce) and T5 (Ishiru fish sauce) or control after 8 wk storage (p>0.05). Forty volatile flavor compounds were detected from the control and marinated samples at $4^{th}$ wk of storage. The pork marinated with Anchovy fish sauce presented significantly higher amounts of importantly pleasant flavor compounds such as; pyrazines and sulfurcontaining compounds than those marinated with other remaining sauces and control. It is concluded that the marination with Anchovy fish sauce partly improved the shelf-life and increased amounts of pleasant flavor compounds of Sous-Vide cooked pork products during storage in comparison to the other remaining sauces.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of producing goods evaluating the preservation of DSG, PSG, DST and PST, all of which were the most preferred according to the results of sensory evaluation of some sauces made of Demi-glace sauce and a Teriyaki-applied sauce. The pH of normal Demi-glace sauce, at 5.2, was the highest among these sauces. The Teriyaki-applied Demi-glace sauce was the second with pH 5.12 DSG was the lowest. The pH didn't change significantly according to preservation. However, the degree of PSG's pH was lowered by the time period of preservation. DGST didn't changed a lot apart from being a bit morewatery (12.40) after three-week storage. It seemed that the viscosity of the normal sauces, checked after 10 sec, decreased. At 20 sec there were no differences among these sauces. After making 10 applied sauces and evaluating them, DSG, PSG, DST and PST gained the highest preference and the application of Teriyaki sauce was evaluated favorably. According to the preservation test. the sensory evaluation didn't seem to decrease within 2 weeks which demonstrated that the other physicochemical products were unaffected. Therefore, an improvement following more than two-week preservation is expected in t case of rigid store regulation.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2014

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities as well as quality and sensory characteristics of Rubus coreanus wine sauce prepared with different amounts of Rehmannia Radix Preparata concentrate (RPC, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 %). Moisture content, salinity and acidity of control were 83.84%, 0.57% and 0.10%, respectively. Sugar content of control was 15.6 $^{\circ}Brix$. Acidities, and reducing sugar contents of sauces increased according to the added amount of RPC, whereas pH and color values of lightness, redness and yellowness in the Hunter color system of sauces decreased. Viscosity of sauces added with RPC significantly increased, compared to that of control. Total phenol contents of sauces increased according to RPC amount. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities improved according to the amount of RPC, due to the increased amount of total phenol contents. Sensory results showed that the overall-preference scores were highest in sauces containing 0.1% RPC. Based on these results, it was suggested that 1.0% RPC addition to sauce is the most suitable to improve quality.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.883-887
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• 2015

This study investigated the quality of seven commercial salted and fermented sand lance Ammodytes personatus sauces by measuring their chemical compositions, bacteria concentrations, and biogenic amine contents. The sauces had a 63.97-67.32% (mean: 65.72%) moisture content, 23.16-24.03% (mean: 23.60%) salinity, 5.51-6.14 (mean: 5.81) pH, 164.76-217.98 mg/100 g (mean: 182.97 mg/100 g) volatile basic nitrogen, 0.94-1.42% (mean: 1.24%) total nitrogen, and 673.77-791.86 mg/100 g (mean: 720.76 mg/100 g) amino nitrogen content. Viable cell counts ranged from $1.2{\times}10^1$ to $2.9{\times}10^2CFU/mL$, and number of biogenic amine-forming bacteria was very low or not detected. Overall, the tested samples had average levels of histamine of 301.02 mg/kg, cadaverine of 29.78 mg/kg, tyramine of 199.21 mg/kg, putrescine of 183.00 mg/kg, and tyramine of 13.01 mg/kg. This strongly suggests that it is necessary to monitor the biogenic amine contents of commercial salted and fermented sand lance sauces carefully to ensure consumer health.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2016

Bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids in food leads to the production of biogenic amines, which can cause reactions in human that include headaches, nausea, palpitations, chills, and severe respiratory distress. The amine putrescine is an especially effective inhibitor of metabolizing enzymes and amplifies histamine intoxication and tyramine poisoning. Using an L-ornithine decarboxylating medium, we isolated 14 putrescine-producing bacteria from sand lance, Ammodytes personatus, sauces. The isolates were identified, using an API kit and 16S rRNA analysis, as Lysinibacillus fusiformis (1 strain), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (6 strains), Lysinibacillus macroides (1 strain), Lysinibacillus sphaericus (3 strains), Bacillus fusiformis (1 strain), Paenibacillus favisporus (1 strain), and Staphylococcus caprae (1 strain). These strains produced between 1.66 to 236.97 μg/mL of putrescine after 48 h incubation. Lysinibacillus spp. were the dominant putrescine-producing bacteria in sand lance sauces, which produced 236.97 μg/mL of putrescine from a culture broth containing 0.5% L-ornithine. This is the first report on the isolation and identification of putrescine-producing bacteria from sand lance sauces.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1447-1458
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• 2009

Volatile extracts obtained from traditional Chinese-type soy sauces prepared with soybean (SSSB) and defatted soy meal (SSDSM) by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and direct solvent extraction (DSE) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatile flavor compounds and relative contents of different chemical classes detected in SSSB and SSDSM were compared for their differences. Results showed that significant differences in both constituents of volatile flavor compounds and relative contents of different chemical classes were observed for both kinds of soy sauces. A total of 152 and 131 compounds were identified in SSSB and SSDSM, respectively, and 102 volatile flavor compounds were common in both kinds of soy sauces. Moreover, relative contents of acids, aldehydes, esters, furan(one)s, miscellaneous compounds, phenols, pyrazines, pyrrol(idinon)es, and sulfur-containing compounds in both kinds of soy sauces were all significantly different.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.792-799
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• 2016

We isolated seven tryptamine-producing bacteria from commercial salted and fermented sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) sauces using an L-tryptophan decarboxylating medium. These tryptamine-producing bacteria, identified using an API kit and 16S rRNA analysis, included Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (one strain), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (four strains), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (two strains). Lysinibacillus spp. produced the highest levels of tryptamine in culture broth containing 0.5% L-tryptophan, compared with 1.0% and 2.0% preparations. After 72 h of incubation, Staphylococcus epidermidis produced the highest levels of tryptamine ($60.50{\mu}g/mL$ and $664.86{\mu}g/mL$) in culture broth containing 2.0% L-tryptophan. While Lysinibacillus spp. comprised the dominant tryptamine-producing bacteria in sand lance sauces, Staphylococcus epidermidis also showed high tryptamine-producing activity. This is the first report on the isolation and identification of tryptamine-producing bacteria in sand lance sauces.