• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2007

Marine bacteria, actionmycetes and fungal strains were isolated from continental slope sediment of the Bay of Bengal and studied for fatty acid profile to investigate their involvement in the benthic food-web. Fifteen different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from bacterial isolates, 14 from actinomycetes and fungal isolates were detected. The total unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial isolates ranged from 11.85 to 37.26%, while the saturated fatty acid ranged between 42.34 and 80.74%. In actinomycetes isolates, total unsaturated fatty acids varied from 27.86 to 38.85% and saturated fatty acids ranged from 35.29 to 51.25%. In fungal isolates unsaturated fatty acids ranged between 44.62 and 65.52% while saturated FA ranged from 20.80 to 46.30%. The higher percentages of unsaturated fatty acids from the microbial isolates are helpful in anticipating the active participation in the benthic food-web of Bay of Bengal.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2019

Objectives: This study evaluated dietary intakes of total fat and fatty acids among the Korean adult population. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the 2016-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. A total of 10,772 subjects aged ${\geq}19y$ for which dietary data were available were selected. Data pertaining to energy and nutrient intakes were obtained by a 24-h recall method. Total fat and fatty acids intakes were evaluated based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) of 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans by sex and age groups. All statistical analyses accounted for the complex sampling design effect and sampling weights. Results: The mean intakes of energy and total fat were 1,952 kcal (95% CI: 1928-1977) and 46.1 g (45.2-47.1), respectively, and about 21% of the energy was obtained from fat in this study population (21.7% in men and 20.2% in women). The mean percentages of energy from saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 6.4%, 6.7%, and 5.2%, respectively. About 18% of adults exceeded the AMDR for fat (30% of energy), whereas 37.6% exceeded the AMDR for saturated fatty acids (7% of energy). The proportions of subjects who consumed more than the AMDR for fat and saturated fatty acids decreased across age groups in both sexes. Among young adults (19-29 y), about 63% of the subjects obtained ${\geq}7%$ of their energy from saturated fatty acids. About 61% of older adults obtained less than 15% of their energy from total fat. Conclusions: Increased intake of fat energy was prominent in saturated fatty acids. Our findings suggest current information on total fat and fatty acids intakes in Korean adults and can be used to provide dietary guidelines for the improvement of public health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 1998

Kong chain $\omega$3 & $\omega$6 fatty acids and taurine have been suggested to have structural and /or functional roles in the brain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the percentage of fatty acids and taurine concentration in human milk obtained from Korean mothers(n=37) as lactation proceeds from birth to 5wks postpartum , and to determine the correlation between taurine concentration and fatty acid composition in breast milk. Level of fatty acids and taurine in breast milk were measured by GLC and HPLC, respectively. The percentages of medium -chain saturated fatty acids(10 : 0, 12 : 0 & 14: 0) were increased significantly , while percentages of long-chain saturated fatty acids(22 :0 & 24 : 0), and most of the long chain $\omega$6 and $\omega$3 fatty acids(20 : 3$\omega$6 , 20 :4$\omega$6, 22 :4$\omega$6 , 22 :5$\omega$6, 22 :5$\omega$3 & 22 : 6$\omega$3) were decreased significantly in mature milk (5 wks postpartum ) as compared to the colostrum. Taurine concentrations in colostrum and mature milk from Korean mothers were 549 $\pm$58 and 233 $\pm$41nmol/ml , respectively. Taurine concentrations in human milk was negatively correlated with the percentages of medium -chain saturated fatty acids ( 10 : 0 &12 : 0), and positively correlated with the percentages of long-chain saturated fatty acids( 16 :0, 20 : 0, 22 : 0& 24 : 0) and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids( 20 : 1, 22 : 1 & 24 ; 1). Taurine concentration in human milk was positively correlated with elongation indices of both $\omega$6 and $\omega$3 fatty acids, and negatively correlated with the desaturation index of $\omega$6 fatty acids. These close relationships between fatty acids compositions and taurine level in human milk are worth pursing further investigation, especially with regard to their common roles in retina and brain development.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 1961

The hydroxydation of the saturated fatty acids in order to prepare hydroxy fatty acids in the presence of catalysts was reported by several workers. The considering commercial applications of this reaction, authors studied on the hydroxydation of natural fats composed of nonhydroxy saturated fatty acids. Tallow and stearic acid were tested with manganese dioxide as catalyst, $110 {\pm}3^{\circ}C,$ and under atmospheric oxygen. The highest hydroxyl values were obtained at 20 hours for tallow, 107.6 and at 14 hours for stearic add, 116.0.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.399-407
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to estimate the intake of individual fatty acid and eventually to contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines and recommendations of fatty acids for the Koreans. The subjects consisted of female college students aged 20 to 29 years old. Their dietary intake was assessed twice. in summer and in winter, by means of a 24-hour dietary recall method. Food models and other measuring tools were also used. Concentrations of serm total triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-& LDL-cholesterol were measured. The subjects consumed 12.3g of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 14.3g of monounsaturated fatty acids and 14.99g of saturated fatty acids per day The ratios of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids( P/S) and polyunsaturatedimonounsaturatedi saturated fatty acids (P/M/S) taken by the subjects were 0.8/1.0 and 0.8/l.0/l.0, respectively. The ratio of w61w3 fatty acids was found to be 8.3/l.0. All of these values seem to fall in the desirable range. The percentages of total calorie from carbohydrate. fat and protein were 59.4%, 23.4% and 17.2%, respectively. The concentrations of serum total triglyceride, total cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were 59.3ms/dl, 192.7mg/dl, and 59.0mg/dl, and 121.9mg/dl., respectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.749-752
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• 2004

Saturated fatty acids are less vulnerable to lipid peroxidation than their unsaturated counterparts. In this investigation, individual fatty acids of the $C_{16}$, $C_{18}$ and $C_{20}$ families were subjected to the thiobarbituric (TBA) assay. These fatty acids were chosen based on their degree of saturation and configuration of double bonds. Interestingly, an assay threshold was reached where increasing the fatty acid concentration resulted in no additional decrease in the TBARS concentrations. Therefore, the linear range of TBARS inhibition was determined for fatty acids in the $C_{16}$ and $C_{20}$ families. The rate of TBARS inhibition was greater for the saturated than for unsaturated fatty acids, as measured from the slope of the linear range. These findings demonstrate the need to standardize the TBARS assay using multiple fatty acid concentrations when using this assay for measuring in vitro lipid peroxidation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1719-1723
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• 2001

The effect of slaughter weight and gender on fatty acid composition of homogenised rib samples of Hungarian Simmental (HS) and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle breeds was investigated. In the first experiment 22 Hungarian Simmental and 18 Holstein-Friesian cattle's meat, in the second experiment 15 females and 12 males Holstein-Friesian cattle's meat was analysed on fatty acid content. Saturated and mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acid profile did not seem to vary either by breed or by slaughter weight categories. The effect of gender, however, proved to be significant in influencing the quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and linolenic acids, as well as polyunsaturated fatty/saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SAFA) ratio. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher in males than in females. Negative correlation was established between the quantity of PUFA and the amount of adipose tissue in rib samples.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.91-96
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• 1998

The saturated fatty acids(arachidic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid) were repeatedly applied on water surface, and their ${\pi}-A$ isotherms and Maxwell displacement current(MDC) were measured to identify the effect of the number of carbons of fatty acids on the properties of Langmuir films. The saturated fatty which contain higher carbon number showed higher MDC peak, and the less carbon it contains, the higher surface pressure they show. It was found the maximum of MDC peaks was as the molecular area just before the surface pressure increases in compression cycles of saturated fatty acids.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.571-575
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• 2018

The author made rice cookies using 100% rice and measured their density, spreadability, color, hardness, and fatty acid contents. The density was not significantly different between wheat cookies and the rice cookies made here; however, the density of dough tended to be higher in the rice cookies. Spreadability tended to be lower in rice cookies than wheat cookies. Regarding the color of rice cookies, L, indicating brightness, was found to be higher in rice cookies than in wheat cookies, and a, indicating redness, was found to be lower in rice cookies than in wheat cookies. B, indicating yellowness, was not significantly different between wheat cookies and rice cookies, and hardness tended to be lower in rice cookies. Regarding fatty acid contents, saturated fatty acids such as myristic acids, palmitic acids, and stearic acids were found in rice cookies; However, the contents of saturated fatty acids tended to be lower in rice cookies than in wheat cookies. The monounsaturated fatty acids found in rice cookies were mainly oleic acids, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids found in them were linoleic acid, and these were found more in rice cookies than in wheat cookies. Concerning essential fatty acids such as linoleic acids, linolenic acids, or arachidonic acids, they were found more in cookies made of rice powder than in those made of wheat powder.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

Flax seed(Linseed, Linum usitatissimum L.) and its oil, a richest source of alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)(${\omega}-3$), contain saturated fatty acids, neurotoxic cyanogen glycosides and immuno-suppressive cyclic-nonapeptides. Present paper describes the development of two chemical processes, Process-A and -B, to remove saturated fatty acids and to destroy cyclic nonapeptides and cyanogen glycosides from flax seed oil. Process-A consists of three major steps, i.e., extraction of fatty acid mixture by alkaline saponification, removal of saturated fatty acid by urea-complexation, and triglyceride reconstruction of unsaturated fatty acid via fatty acyl-chloride activation using oxalyl chloride. Process-B consists of preparation of fatty acid ethyl ester by transesterification, elimination of saturated fatty acid ester by urea-complexation, and reconstruction of triglyceride by interesterification with glycerol-triacetate (triacetin). The destruction of lipophilic cyclic nonapeptide during saponification or transesterification processes could be demonstrated indirectly by the disappearance of antibacterial activity of bacitracin, an analogous cyclic-decapeptide. The cyanogen glycosides were found only in the dregs after hexane extraction, but not in the flax seed oil. The reconstructed triglyceride of flax seed oil, obtained by these two different pathways after elimination of saturated fatty acid and toxic components, showed agreeable properties as edible oil in terms of taste, acid value, iodine and peroxide value, glycerine content, and antioxidant activity.