• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the body image perception by BMI and the dietary behaviors in 803 college students(408 males and 395 females). The degree of obesity was divided into an underweight group with BMI less than $18.5kg/m^2$, a normal group with BMI of $18.5{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$, an overweight group with BMI of $23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2$ and an obese group with BMI over $25.0kg/m^2$. The average ages of subjects were 22.9 years in males and 20.2 years in females. The average weight and height of male subjects were 175.3 cm and 69.6 kg, respectively and those of female subjects were 162.5 cm and 52.0 kg, respectively. The average BMIs of male and female subjects were $22.6kg/m^2$ and $19.7kg/m^2$, respectively. The distribution of subjects who perceived their current body image as ideal body image was 25.7% in males and 10.9% in females, showing that the body image satisfaction of male subjects was 1.5 times higher than that of female subjects. Body image perception for their own bodies was mostly shown as the average or standard shape both in males and females with 64.2% and 54.2%, respectively, but males showed a higher perception rate than females and 31.1% of females and 19.5% of males perceived their bodies as lean shape(p<0.01). The body image satisfaction was 4.20 in males and 3.70 in females, showing more satisfaction in the male subjects(p<0.001). The correlation between body image and physical variables in male subjects indicated that CBI and IBI showed statistically significant correlation and also BMI showed statistically significant correlation with IBI(p<0.001) and CBI(p<0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as the frequency of skipping meals increased(p<0.001) and the frequency of having snacks increased as the frequency of eating out increased(p<0.01). The correlation between body image and physical variables in female subjects showed that CBI and IBI(p<0.001) had statistically significant correlation. Body weight showed statistically significant correlation with CBI(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001) and height(p<0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as height(p<0.01) and the frequency of skipping meals(p<0.001) increased. When both male and female subjects wanted leaner body shapes, they preferred much leaner shapes despite their current body images belonging in the normal range. Additionally subjects preferred the body image in the normal range in cases when their current body images were lean. In particular, more female subjects had strong desires to become leaner in their body images than male subjects, which could be analyzed as a risk factor for physical him. From the above results, it is considered that both male and female subjects need to establish proper recognition and dietary behaviors for their body images and also need nutritional education and counseling for desirable weight control methods.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-86
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• 2007

This study aims at looking into the use of oriental medical services in treating disease and patient's attitude of oriental medicine by social classes. The first to be explored through this study is medical accessibility, classifying them by age, gender and job. Second is to examine kinds of oriental medical services and expenses incurred in treating the disease. Third is to compare satisfaction for the services offered and investigate into relations between disease and oriental medicine through cross-analysis by class, and provide fundamental materials for enhancing accessibility to oriental medical centers for treating chronic diseases. The 1,376 households for the period of time from Apr. to Jun. 2005, were asked to answer to the questionnaires offered. The conclusion from the survey can be summarized as follows. Medical services for the onset of disease were less offered to females, older group, low schooling, and low-income bracket. It is attributable to an economic cause, in both genders. The in- and outpatients' rate were found higher in groups of female, older age, low-income and blue-color workers. Use of oriental medical centers were higher in outpatients than inpatients probably for low-income brackets were less frequently put on regular physical checkups, more exposing to diseases. Each hospitalization was found over six days longer in average; 19.7 days for oriental medical hospitals, 12.5 for hospitals. The hospital charges that patients should pay for one hospitalization showed 909,000 won in oriental medical hospitals, much higher than 518,000 won in hospitals. Outpatients were also found to pay more for oriental medical services; 55,000 won for oriental medical hospitals, 19,000 for hospitals. As to outpatients' satisfaction, oriental medical hospitals were generally found to be a little more satisfactory than general hospitals; 11.2% of respondents answered Very Satisfactory. Satisfaction to services offered to outpatients showed 82.2% of respondents responded to Over Satisfactory for herb clinics, 76% for general hospitals. For future intention to use oriental medical services, females, over 51 years old, lower education and income, and blue color workers showed more intention to use them. To be more competitive in treating chronic diseases, it is necessary that oriental medical services become more accessible through extending its coverage of insurance into more medical herbs and their prepared packs, as well as mapping out extensive publicity strategies to make known to the public about high efficacy of medical herbs and their safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

To provide data necessary for effectively applying the HACCP system by understanding the current application condition of HACCP system and satisfaction level of the dietician in elementary schools, a mail-in survey was conducted on dieticians serving for 227 elementary schools applying HACCP system in Kyungsangbuk-Do since November 1, 2001 to December 20, 2001. 83.5% of the subjected schools were conducting more than 50% of HACCP cooking process management, and the level of cooking process management displayed significant relevance according to the number of dieticians serving the school meals. The area that was not well conducted in the field of HACCP system was proven to be water examination(94.0%), inspection on self-sanitation of cooks prior to cooking(90.6%), and maintenance of dry kitchen floor(l4.8%). The reason why the above areas are not well conducted was because of lack of time due to over workloads. Subjective dieticians had pointed out improvement of sanitary concept(58.1%) and improvement of self-sanitation (28.8%) as benefits of applying HACCP. 21.2% of the subjective dieticians were satisfied with application HACCP and 35.2% were dissatisfied with applying HACCP. In case of which the duration of applying the HACCP was longer than one year and in case of higher rate of HACCP cooking process management and longer work experience of the dieticians, the level of satisfaction was proven to be significantly higher. The most difficult things to follow in important management categories according to the features of dietitian work and work experience were food distribution of CCP7 step and maintenance of optimum temperature(70.7%). Subjective dieticians had pointed out insufficient facility or environment and lack of inspection equipments in order regarding problems of applying HACCP. Also in the level of necessity of improvement categories in applying HACCP, dieticians had replied that facility and equipment improvement was mostly needed. Due to the induction of HACCP system in school meals, comparatively well cooking process management is being conducted, and I believe it could contribute in securing safety and quality improvement of school meal by improving the sanitation concept of the dieticians. However, the satisfaction level of dieticians are rather low and there are many difficulties in maintaining optimum temperature in the process of food distribution and transportation process. Also, lack of facilities and environment, lack of inspection equipments and etc are pointed out as problems of inducing HACCP. Thus, to settle HACCP system, it is believed that brave investment must be preceded.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.280-291
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the maternal child health services provided by public health centers in Pyungtaek city. Methods: Data were collected based on multiple sources of official records. A questionnaire survey was obtained from 50 mothers with premature babies, and 89 mothers with full- term babies, in order to compare their demographic factors, and physical, obstetrical, and emotional status. In addition, the investigators collected data on pre and post follow-up care for the remature group to evaluate the effects of home visiting services on them. Moreover, additional data were collected from 135 pregnant women and 315 mothers with infants, to assess their degree of satisfaction for prenatal education course and breast feeding practices. Results: 1) The pregnant women's satisfaction for the prenatal education course, knowledge, and practices on self care were considered to be high. 2) Of the mothers with infants, 62.9% experienced breast feeding, but only 35.9% of them did it for six months. 3) Premature birth rate in the region was 5.6%, and 75.6% of all premature babies received follow-up care. 4) The mothers with premature babies experienced premature rupture of membrane. placenta previa, preeclampsia, and cesarean section more frequently than the mothers with full-term babies. 5) At the pre-intervention data collection point. mothers with premature babies experienced significantly less social support than mothers with full-term babies. In addition, mothers with premature babies reported higher levels of stress and care-giving burdens, and lower level of self esteem, than mothers with full-term babies, although the differences were not statistically significant. 6) In the premature group, stress, care giving burdens, and postpartum depression decreased after the intervention, whereas maternal self esteem, and the husband's support were increased after the intervention. Social support from significant others were somewhat decreased. 7) Satisfaction for the home visiting service in the mothers with premature babies was very high. Conclusion: These results showed a possibility that the recently started maternal child health services provided by the public health centers may be efficient. Although statistically significant differences were not found, the investigators found a potential for changes in a positive direction. Long-term effects of the health services on maternal child health needs should be addressed in future studies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.679-692
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• 1996

This study was performed to find the prevalence and the associated risk factors with low back pain(LBP) of the staffs in a university at Kwang-ju city. The data were collected by a questionnaire including SDS(self - rating depression Scale) battery from September 1st to October 15th, 1996. The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence rate of LBP during lifetime was 73.1%, 53.1% for the last one year, and 23.6% for the last one week. 2. Statistically significant factors related to LBP during lifetime were sex and satisfaction with job. Sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, occupation, work posture, forward bending of trunk and satisfaction with job were selected as significant factors related to LBP during the last one year. The significant determinants related with LBP during the last one week were sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, occupation, forward bending of trunk and satisfaction with job. 3. Through the analysis of self - rating depression scores according to LBP, respondents with LBP had the significantly higher value of physiological disturbances and lower value of psychomotor activities than those without LBP. 4. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with LBP during lifetime were selected to be female(OR=2.63, 95% CI : $1.08\sim6.40$), dissatisfaction with job(OR=2.16, 95% CI : $1.16\sim4.15$), those for the last one year were chosen to be female(OR=2.30, 95% CI : $1.03\sim5.12$), forward bending of trunk(OR=2.18, 95% CI : $1.26\sim3.79$), dissatisfaction with job(OR=1.84, 95% CI : $1.06\sim3.21$), and those for the last one week were female(OR=3.00, 95% CI : $1.17\sim7.69$), forward bending of trunk(OR=2.85, 95% CI : $1.38\sim5.88$). In conclusion, for effective prevention of the LBP at work site, appropriate improvement of work posture and various psychological factors should be considered.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 2013

A survey conducted on 1,103 patients or caretakers visited Korean medical clinics and hospitals between August 25, 2011 to September 30, 2011 by the Ministry of Health and Welfares and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs was analyzed and obtained following results: 1. For sociodemographic distribution, female(813) outnumbered male(290) patients with majority of patients ranging from 30s to 60s. Married patients(793) outnumbered unwed(150) patients and 65.0% with higher than high school education. Statistical significance was seen in gender, age, marital status, and education level but no significant difference for status of employment, income level, and types of insurance between the clinics and hospitals. (P<0.05). 45.1% had less than \2,000,000 in monthly salary and most of coverage was provided by either regional or work insurance. 2. 67.9% of the patients rated health conditions to be better than average and 32.1% listed as poor. People in good health showed tendency to visit Korean medical facilities. Musculo-skeletal conditions such as arthritis, ankle sprain, lumbago, muscular injury, and frozen shoulder were common conditions, followed by gastric disorders, common cold and herbal tonics. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals for above conditions, but significance was seen in atopic dermatitis, stroke, and sequela from traffic accidents (P<0.05). 3. Ten most common conditions addressed at Korean medical facilities were lumbago, arthritis, muscular injury, back sprain, gastric disorders, ankle sprain, common cold, herbal tonics, frozen shoulder and stroke. Major treatment modalities rendered were herbal medicine, herbal supplements, acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, tuina, and Korean midical physical therapy. No significant difference existed between the clinics and hospitals. 4. All modalities showed at least 85% effectiveness. No statistical significant difference between the clinics and hospitals except for herbal decoction. (P=0.0452) 5. 88.3% of responses showed treatment satisfaction with significant difference between the clinics and hospitals (P=0.002). The occurrence of side effects was at 2%, mostly corning from treating digestive, skin, kidney disorders and neurological issues. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals. From the above results, the typical population visiting Korean medical facilities can be summarized as being middle aged female with relatively higher education and moderately low income. The health condition is generally good and the purpose of visit is to receive traditional treatments of acupuncture, herbal medicine, and physical therapy. Treatment efficacy and satisfaction were high with no significant differences between the clinics and hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.355-379
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• 2020

Digital Library System(DLS) for the school library is a key access tool for school library materials. The purpose of this study was to find ways to improve the accessibility of materials through analysis of students' information search behavior in DLS. Data were collected through recording of 42 participants' DLS search process, and questionnaire. As a result, the search success rate and search satisfaction were found to be lower when the main purpose of DLS is simple leisure reading, information needs are relatively ambiguous, and when user experiences the complicated situations in the search process. The satisfaction level of search time sufficiency was the highest, and the search result satisfaction was the lowest. Besides, there was a need to improve DLS, such as integrated search of other library collection information, the recommendation of related materials, the print output of collection location, voice recognition through mobile apps, and automatic correction of search errors. Through this, the following can be suggested. First, DLS should complement the function of providing career information by reflecting the demand of education consumers. Second, improvements to DLS functionality to the general information retrieval system level must be made. Third, an infrastructure must be established for close cooperation between school library field personnel and DLS management authorities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.382-389
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• 2013

The present study grasped the operation characteristics and operation management of forest museums in Korea and analyzed satisfaction with the foregoing. In the results of a survey of forest museums' operation characteristics, with regard to groups to which exhibits were helpful, over half of respondents answered that the exhibits were helpful to students and many respondents had an opinion that all age groups should be equally considered as targets of exhibition. Among matters that were considered with regards to forest museums, accessibility showed the highest rate of answers followed by museum programs. The curator was needed for the majority of respondents were exhibits prior to the survey had the highest expectations for the medium. With regard to the operation management of forest museums, the expected value of periodic and extraordinary exhibitions was shown to be high and high and satisfaction was shown by the professionalism of staff. As for matters of forest museums that must be improved, attention should be paid to the development of programs in which users can participate, diverse exhibition media should be developed, and exhibition should be planned to fit the composition of exhibits. As for operation management, since exhibits were repeated every year, environments should be changed by exhibiting new exhibits or otherwise and active methods of improvement should be devised such as the utilization of broadcasting media for public relations.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2012

Purpose: The nasal bone fracture is known as the most common facial fracture, with the postoperative results and the patient's satisfaction known to be lower than other facial fractures. The patient's satisfaction is firstly related to the accurate comprehension of the spatial relationship in the fractured nasal bone and secondly to the accurate reduction based on accurate comprehension. The aim of this study is to evaluate the objective usefulness of the three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Methods: The survey was conducted on 10 randomly selected cases of nasal bone fractures among the 46 cases with 3D computed tomography (CT) during the past one year. It was requested upon 4 plastic residents and 4 plastic surgeons to draw 3D aspect of fractured nasal bone directly on the printed photos of cadaver nasal bone, based on simple X-ray and two-dimensional (2D) CT. They were compared with the real fractured nasal bone aspects based on the 3D image and marked the difference in the 10-point scale of 0 to 10. Results: The average score of the 4 residents was 1.62 and that of the 4 surgeons was 4.47 out of 10 by simple X-ray. The average score of the 4 residents was 5.67 and that of the 4 surgeons was 7.25 out of 10 by 2D CT. Conclusion: It was surmised that the precise analysis and accurate comprehension of the spatial relationship of the fractured nasal bone using the 3D image, as based on the 2D CT images, can produce more favorable satisfaction levels in the patients.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that the job stress of employees would have on the organization effectiveness. In this study, 222 employees in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were surveyed from March to May, 2015 through empirical research with the structured questionnaires, and the collected data were statistically computerized under a statistical package of SPSS 18.0 and analyzed based on the correlation analysis, frequency analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The Following results were derived. First, the job stress of employees according to demographic characteristics had a significance difference. The technical employees had the lower role ambiguity of job stress compare to other group and the higher the income years and educational background, the higher the role overload of job stress. Second, the job stress of employees had a negative effect on the job satisfaction and Organization effectiveness but a positive effect on the turnover intention and the hypothesis was adopted. Thus, it turned out that the job stress of employees had a significant effect on the organization effectiveness and there was a significance at the statistical level. Based on this research finding, it is considered necessary to seek the specific measures that can help reduce the turnover rate of employees and improve their job satisfaction and organization commitment in a more effective methods.