• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 1991

This study was carried out to determine the optimal seeding rate of Korean lawngrass in three different soil textures. The results obtained are summarized as follows;1.In early development, there were not significant differences in leaf length and width except for leaf width in mean seeding rates. And there was significant difference in tillering number. Tillering number of Korean lawngrass grown in sandy clay loam soil was more abudant than that grown in sandy clay and sandy loam soils.2.The rate of ground cover of Korean lawngrass grown in sandy clay loam soil was faster than that in other soils. The ground cover rate was faster in the following order: 15, 12, 10, 7, 5, 3 kg/10a. But in sandy clay loam soil, it was showed that the plot seeded at 12kg/10a be faster than that at l5kg/10a. Plots seeded from 5 to 15kg/10a in sandy clay loam soil and 15kg/10a in sandy clay soil were showed the 100% ground cover during the period of the year seeded.3.There were not significant differences in dry weight of each part measured at 11 and l4months after seeding. But there were significant differences in dry weight of shoot and total dry weight. Total and shoot dry weight of Korean lawngrass grown in sandy clay loam soil were heavier than that in others. 4.It was revealed that the optimal seeding rate in sandy clay loam soil was 12 kg/10a. But it was suggested that the optimal seeding time and rate in each soil textures be undertaken in future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.372-378
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• 2015

Growing crops under different soil textures may affect crop growth and yield because of soil N availability, soil N leaching, and plant N uptake. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of three different soils (sandy loam, loam, and clay loam) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) yield, nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) by subsurface drip fertigation in the greenhouse. Three different soil textures are sandy loam, loam, and clay loam with 3 replications. The dimension of each lysimeter was $1.0m(W){\times}1.5m(L){\times}1.0m(H)$. Cucumber was transplanted on April $8^{th}$ and Aug $16^{th}$ in 2011. The subsurface drip line and tensiometer was installed at 30 and 20 cm soil depth, respectively. An irrigation with $100mg\;NL^{-1}$ concentration was automatically applied when the tensiometer reading was 10 kPa. Volumetric soil water content for cucumber cultivation was the highest in 30 cm soil depth regardless of soil texture and was lowered when soil depth was deeper. The volumetric soil water contents at soil depths of 10, 30, 50, and 70 cm were the highest at clay loam, followed by loam, and sandy loam. The growth of cucumber at the $50^{th}$ day after transplanting was the lowest at sandy loam. Cucumber fruit yields were similar for all three soil textures. The highest amount of water use at sandy loam was observed. Nitrogen and water use efficiencies for cucumber were higher for clay loam, followed by loam and sandy loam, while the amount of N leaching was the greatest under sandy loam, followed by loam, and clay loam. Overall, growing cucumber on either loam or clay loam is better than sandy loam if subsurface drip fertigation is used in the greenhouse.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 1982

The characteristics of the six different agricultural soil from Michigan were as follows. Colwood and Capac soil were loam, Gilford and Ceresco were sandy clay loam, Sission was clay loam, and Spinks was sandy loam. pH of Gilford sandy clay loam was 6.6 whereas that of the soil ranged $5.4{\sim}5.9$. Gilford sandy loam found to contain a relatively higher amount of organic matters as compared to other soils. Furthermore, the numbers of bacteria in Gilford sandy clay loam were significantly higher than those in other soils. The populations of fungi in Gilford sandy clay loam and Colwood loam soils were significantly greater than those in other soils. On the other hand, the densities of actinomycetes in Gilford sandy clay loam and Ceresco sandy clay loam soils were significantly different from those in other soils. The population of anaerobic bacteria varied depending on the soils; Ceresco sandy clay loam, Capac loam, Colwood loam soils have higher numbers of bacteria, whereas Gilford sandy clay loam was very lesser than the other soils. In the $^{14}C-glucose$ respiration by soil microorganisms after 10 hrs, the respiration rate was decreasing in the order of Ceresco sandy clay loam, Spinks sandy loam, Colwood loam, Sission clay loam, Capac loam and Gilford sandy clay loam. Germination of test propagules on natural soil soil was $0{\sim}5%$, and it was germinated $90{\sim}98%$ on autoclaved soil and PDA. The propagules differed in thier germination response to nutrients added to the soils. In general, more nutrients were required to promote germination on Capac loam and Gilford sandy loam soil than Spinks sandy loam soil. Especially Mortierella n. sp. required more nutrients for germination to obtain the same ratio as Helminthosporium victoriae.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 2001

The lysimeter experiment was conducted to investigate the temporal changes of irrigation requirement, soil water percolation and rice root distribution during rice growing period under different soil texture that were sandy loam, clay loam and clay paddy soil in 1999 and 2000. The irrigation requirement in the first year was 3,306 l/$m^2$ in clay loam, 2,650 l/$m^2$ in sandy loam and 2,002 l/$m^2$ in clay soil. However, the highest irrigation requirement was 5,281 l/$m^2$ in sandy loam and the next was 4,984 l/$m^2$ in clay loam and 3,968 l/$m^2$ in clay soil in the second year, Soil water percolation in the first year was 2,141 l/$m^2$ in clay loam, 1,228 l/$m^2$ in Sandy loam and 862 l/$m^2$ in clay soil. However, in the second year, the highest water percolation of 4,448 l/$m^2$ was measured in sandy loam, and was followed by 3,833 l/$m^2$ in clay loam and 2,925 l/$m^2$ in clay soil. Distribution ratio of rice roots measured in 0-10cm of soil depth was 56.0% in sandy loam, 61.4% in clay loam and 72.1% in clay soil, respectively. It was interpreted that the greater water percolation measured in the second year was caused mainly by the large amount of rice root growth. Therefore, it was concluded that the soil water percolation in rice paddy soil was affected greatly not only by soil texture but also the growth of rice root.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.367-367
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• 2017

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures, sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was 15.8 g kg-1 and C/N rate was 20.3. Its growth was good in sandy loam and loam. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, which are approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference between soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover was 2.5 Mg ha-1, 2.3 Mg ha-1 each in sandy loam and loam. Therefore, it was approximately 0.8 ~ 1.1 Mg ha-1 higher than dry weight of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover was increased late harvest time. Nitrogen contribution were higher in loam and clay loam, when it was respectively 51.3 kg ha-1, 53.5 kg ha-1. Therefore, according to flowering properties and dry weight, the growth and development of crimson clover was finest in sandy loam and loam.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5-9
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• 2013

Electrokinetics technology is proposed for improving the recovery metals ion and oil from clay-sandy soil. In order to restore or extract them from clay-sandy soil, the gas produced by anode chamber is re-injected to the clay-sandy soil(sample). Samples produced in this study were completed to verify the proposed performance for 7 days by gradually increasing the pressure to the final pressure of 30psi($2.11kgf/cm^2$) through the compression process. Before compression, the copper rings were inserted into the sample, allowing us to observe the changes in appearance of copper ring after the end of the experiment. In this study, pressurized module and non-pressurized module were tested, respectively. The condition of test is a continuous process and the voltage gradient is 2V/cm during 24 hours. As a result, the efficiency of pressurized module is better than non-pressurized module.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.705-711
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• 2016

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures; sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and C/N ratio was 20.3. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference among the soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover for sandy loam and loam was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, $0.8{\sim}1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than that of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover increased with delaying harvest time. Nitrogen contribution in loam and clay loam was $51.3kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $53.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, in terms of flowering properties and dry weight, the proper soil texture for the growth and development of crimson clover was sandy loam and loam.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to identify the road-subsidence mechanism in unsaturated sandy soils. METHODS : A series of soil chamber tests were conducted under various conditions. RESULTS : The cavity-expansion characteristics in unsaturated sandy soils due to seepage were affected by the outlet size, seepage intensity, relative density, and fine content. CONCLUSIONS : In unsaturated sandy soils, the cavity-expansion speed was affected by the outlet size, relative density, seepage intensity, and clay content; however, the cavity-expansion shape was very similar. As the outlet size and seepage intensity increased, the cavity-expansion speed increased. As the relative density increased, the cavity-expansion speed increased because of a sudden decrease in shear strength, resulting from the increased saturation (reduction of matric suction). The cavity expanded faster with the increasing clay content, up to a certain threshold. It expanded at a slower rate once it passed the threshold. Finally, it reached a stable state where the cavity did not expand due to seepage.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to find out the basic data for irrigation plans of red pepper and radish during the growing period, such as total amount of evapotranspiration, coefficent of evapotranspiration at each growth stage, the peak stage of evapotranspiration, the maximum ten day evapotranspiration , optimum irrigation point, total readily available moisture and intervals of irrigation date. The plots of experiment were arranged with split plot design which were composed of two factors, irrigation point for main plot and soil texture for split plot, and three levels ; irrigation point with pH1.7-2.0, pF2.1-2.4 and pF2.5-2.8, at soil texture of sandy soil, sandy loam and silty clay for both red pepper and radish, with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1.1/10 exceedance probability values of maximum total pan evaporation during growing period for red peppr and radish were shown as 663.6 mm and 251.8 mm. respectively, and those of maximum ten day pan evaporation for red pepper and radish, 67.1 mm and 46.9 mm, respectively. 2.The time that annual maximum of ten day pan evaporation can he occurred, exists at any stage between the middle of May and the late of August for red pepper, and at any stage between the late of August and the late September for radish. 3.The magnitude of evapotranspiration and its coefficient for red pepper was occurred large in order of pF1.7-2.0 pF2.1-2.4 and pF2.5~2.8 in aspect of irrigation point and the difference in the magnitude of evapotranspiration and of its coefficient between levels of irrigation point was difficult to be found out due to the relative increase in water consumption resulted from large flourishing growth at the irrigation point in lower water content for radish. In aspect of soil texture they were appeared large in order of sandy loam, silty clay and sandy soil for both red pepper and radish. 4.The magnitude of leaf area index was shown large in order of pF2.1-2.4, pF2.5-2.8, and pFl.7-2.0, for red pepper and of pF2.5-2.8, pF2.1-2.4, pFl.7-2.0 for radish in aspect of irrigation point, and large in order of sandy loam, silty clay, sandy soil for both red pepper and radish in aspect of soil texture 5.1/10 exceedance probability value of evapotranspiration and its coefficient during the growing period for red pepper were shown as 683.5 mm and 1.03, respectively, while those of radish, 250.3 mm and 0, 99. respectively. 6.The time that the maximum evapotranspiration of red pepper can be occurred is in the middle of August around the date of ninetieth to hundredth after transplanting, and the time for radish is presumed to be in the late of September, around the date of thirtieth to fourtieth after sowing. At that time, 1/10 exceedance probability value of ten day evapotranspiration and its coefficient for red pepper is assumed to be 81.8 mm and 1.22, respectively, while those of radish, 49, 7 mm and 1, 06, respectively. 7.Optimum irrigation point for red pepper on the basis of the yield of raw matter is assumed to be pFl.7-2.0 for sandy soil, pF2.5-2.8 for sandy loam, and pF2.1-2.4 for silty clay. while that for radish is appeared to be pF2.5-2.8 in any soil texture used. 8.The soil moisture extraction patterns of red pepper and radish have shown that maximum extraction rates exist at 7 cm deep layer at the beginning stage of growth in any soil texture and that extraction rates of 21 cm to 35 cm deep layer are increased as getting closer to the late stage of growth. And especially the extraction rates have shown tendency to be greatest at 21cm deep layer from the most flourishing stage of growth for red pepper and at the last stage of growth for radish. 9.The total readily available moisture on the basic of the optimum irrigation point become 3.77-8.66 mm for sandy soil, 28.39-34.67 mm for sandy loam and 18.40-25.70 mm for silty clay for red pepper of each soil texture used but that of radish that has shown the optimum irrigation point of pF2.5-2.8 in any soil texture used. 12.49-15.27 mm for sandy soil, 23.03-28.13 mm for sandy loam, and 22.56~27.57 mm for silty clay. 10.On the basis of each optimum irrigation point. the intervals of irrigation date at the growth stage of maximum consumptive use of red pepper become l.4 days for sandy soil, 3.8 days for sandy loam and 2.6 days for silty clay, while those of radish, about 7.2 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.531-536
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cultural soil textures on growth and quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer from 2009 to 2010. The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; The growth of stem and leaf were superior to one year old G. uralensis, and surface runner and root growth tended to be better in 2 years old G. uralensis. The weight of stem and leaf were heavy in sandy loam, and plant height, branches, stem diameter in sandy clay loam were better than other soil texture. The growth characteristics, such as length, number and weight of surface runner, was better in order of sandy clay loam > sandy loam > loamy sand. The length of main and lateral root was longer in loamy sand soil than other treatments, and the diameter of main and lateral root was more thicker in sandy loam than others. The number of lateral root was higher in the sandy loam than other treatments. The yield of main and lateral root was in order of sandy loam > sandy clay loam > loamy sand soil. Marketable root yield of one year old and two year old G. uralensis were increased 57% and 71% in sandy loam compare to a loamy sand as 204 kg/10 a, respectively. The content of glycyrrhizinic acid was the hightest as 1.62% in sandy clay loam soil in one year old, and as 1.58% in sandy loam soil in two years old of G. uralensis, respectively.