• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of solar salt and purified salt (PS) on HepG2 human hepatocellular cancer cells as well as their effects on mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes, including Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and p21. Each salt sample suppressed cancer cell proliferation when treated at a concentration of 0.5% or 1%. Especially solar salt from T salt field (SS-T) and solar salt from Y salt field (SS-Y) significantly suppressed proliferation of cancer cells in comparison with PS. Treatment of HepG2 cells with salt samples at a concentration of 1% suppressed expression of Bcl-2 and promoted expression of Bax, p53, and p21 at the mRNA and protein levels in comparison with the control group. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) showed that SS-T and SS-Y had higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, and K than PS, and SS-T contained higher concentrations of these minerals than SS-Y. It seems that Na and mineral contents in solar salt may contribute to regulation of the genes. Taken together, salt, especially mineral rich solar salt, inhibits cancer cell growth by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle-related genes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.767-772
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• 2012

In support of optimizing electrorefining technology for treating spent nuclear fuel, lithium drawdown has been investigated for separating actinides from molten salt electrolyte. Drawdown reaction selectivity is a major issue that requires investigation, since the goal is to remove actinides while leaving the fission products and other components in the salt. A series of lithium drawdown tests with surrogate fission product chlorides was run to obtain selectivity data with non-radioactive salts, develop a predictive model, and draw conclusions about the viability of using this process with actinide-loaded salt. Results of tests with CsCl, $LaCl_3$, $CeCl_3$, and $NdCl_3$ are reported here. Equilibrium was typically achieved in less than 10 hours of contact between lithium metal and molten salt under well-stirred conditions. Maintaining low oxygen and water impurity concentrations (<10 ppm) in the atmosphere was observed to be critical to minimize side reactions and maintain stable salt compositions. An equilibrium model has been formulated and fit to the experimental data. Good fits to the data were achieved. Based on analysis and results obtained to date, it is concluded that clean separation between minor actinides and lanthanides will be difficult to achieve using lithium drawdown.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• v.y2004m10
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

This study was performed to know watertightness and reduction effect and crack occurred by hydration heat, restraint of multiplication of hydration heat, through mechanical test, strength test and crack control test using fluosilicate salt based inorganic compound made from by-product during phosphoric acid manufacturing process. Mix proportions for experiment were modulated at 0.45 of water to cement ratio and $0.5-2.0\%$ of adding ratio of fluosilicate salt based inorganic compound. Evaluation for watertightness of concrete was carried out permeability, absorption test and porosity analysis. Effect of crack reduction was evaluated by length, drying shrinkage as well as stress change of hardened concrete at unrestraint/restraint state and also elucidated crack pattern on the concrete surface. It is ascertained that characteristics of crack resistance and watertightness for concrete was improved by an adequate addition of fluosilicate salt based inorganic compound.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 1982

In order to enhance water solubility, ketoprofen was made as lysine salt, such as acetylsalicylic acid lysine salt, ibuprofen lysine salt and amino acid salt of phenylbutazone. The purpose of this study was to make a comparison between ketoprofen lysine salt in aspects of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effect. The experimental results were summerized as followings. 1. Ketoprofen lysinate was composed of one molecule of ketoprofen and one molecule of lysine. The product was water soluble and melting point was $92^{\circ}C{\sim}94^{\circ}C$. 2. Ketoprofen lysinate showed about 2 times stronger analgesic effect than that of ketoprofen while no difference in antipyretic effect was observed. 3. $LD_{50}$ of ketoprofen lysinate was higher than that of ketoprofen, suggesting ketoprofen lysinate as safer drug. 4. Blood concentration of ketoprofen lysinate was $156{\mu}g/ml$ while the concentration of ketoprofen was $116{\mu}g/ml$ in 30 min., suggesting long acting as well as high blood concentration.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2015

To predict the surface subsidence of salt rock storage, a new surface subsidence basin model is proposed based on the Logistic function from the phenomenological perspective. Analysis shows that the subsidence curve on the main section of the model is S-shaped, similar to that of the actual surface subsidence basin; the control parameter of the subsidence curve shape can be changed to allow for flexible adjustment of the curve shape. By using this model in combination with the MMF time function that reflects the single point subsidence-time relationship of the surface, a new dynamic prediction model of full section surface subsidence for salt rock storage is established, and the numerical simulation calculation results are used to verify the availability of the new model. The prediction results agree well with the numerical simulation results, and the model reflects the continued development of surface subsidence basin over time, which is expected to provide some insight into the prediction and visualization research on surface subsidence of salt rock storage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.295-297
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• 2011

Weed control is the most important issue in organic farming systems that limit crop growth and their yield. Field experiments were conducted in organic soybean (Glycine max Merrill) to evaluate the weed suppression effects of salt and seawater treatment. Weed population and fresh weight were monitored after 6 weeks of salt and seawater treatments. The most important weeds were Digitaria sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea, Tradescantia reflexa and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum, but also 6 other species were observed in soybean arable field. Soybean crops under seawater or their solids application were well grown. The results treated with salts and seawater indicate decreases by 13.4~30.8% in weed density and by 18.0~43.2% in their fresh weight and soil hardness increases of up to 2.1-fold. Salt and seawater provided good additional weed control, but they were caused a serious problem in deterioration of soil physical properties.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.867-874
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• 2015

Separation of cesium chloride (CsCl) and strontium chloride ($SrCl_2$) from the lithium chloride-potassium chloride (LiCl-KCl) salt was studied using a melt crystallization process similar to the reverse vertical Bridgeman growth technique. A ternary $SrCl_2-LiCl-KCl$ salt was explored at similar growth rates (1.8-5 mm/h) and compared with CsCl ternary results to identify similarities. Quaternary experiments were also conducted and compared with the ternary cases to identify trends and possible limitations to the separations process. In the ternary case, as much as 68% of the total salt could be recycled per batch process. In the quaternary experiments, separation of Cs and Sr was nearly identical at the slower rates; however, as the growth rate increased, $SrCl_2$ separated more easily than CsCl. The quaternary results show less separation and rate dependence than in both ternary cases. As an estimated result, only 51% of the total salt could be recycled per batch. Furthermore, two models have been explored to further understand the growth process and separation. A comparison of the experimental and modeling results reveals that the nonmixed model fits reasonably well with the ternary and quaternary data sets. A dimensional analysis was performed and a correlation was identified to semipredict the segregation coefficient.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2010

Drought, salinity and flooding are three important abiotic factors limiting soybean production worldwide. Irrigation, soil reclamation, and drainage systems are not generally available or economically feasible for soybean production. Therefore, productive soybean varieties with tolerance are a cost effective means for reducing yield losses due to these factors. Genetic variability for higher tolerance to drought, salt and flooding is important. However, only a small portion of nearly 200,000 world soybean accessions have been screened to find genotypes with tolerance for use in breeding programs. Evaluation for tolerance to drought, salinity and flooding is difficult due to lack of faster, cost effective, repeatable screening methods. Soybean strains with higher tolerance to the above stresses have been identified. Crosses with lines with drought, salt and flooding tolerance through conventional breeding has made a significant contribution to improving tolerance to abiotic stress in soybean. Molecular markers associated with tolerance to drought, salt and flooding will allow faster, reliable screening for these traits. Germplasm resources, genome sequence information and various genomic tools are available for soybean. Integration of genomic tools coupled with well-designed breeding strategies and effective uses of these resources will help to develop soybean varieties with higher tolerance to drought, salt and flooding.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2019

In this study, the removal of MB from saline solutions was evaluated by two methods by adsorption and electrodialysis; the adsorption of the mixture dye/salt on dried orange peel waste (OPW) was studied in batch method. In this study the biosorption of cationic dye by OPW was investigated as a function of initial solution pH, and initial salt (sodium chloride) concentration. The maximal dye uptake at $pH{\geq}3.6$ in the absence and in the presence of salt and the dye uptake diminished considerably in the presence of increasing concentrations of salt up to 8 g/L. The Redlich Peterson and Langmuir were the most suitable adsorption models for describing the biosorption equilibrium data of the dye both individually and in salt containing medium. As well, this work deals with the electrodialysis application to remove the dye. Synthetic solutions were used for the investigation of the main operational factors affecting the treatment performance; such as applied voltage, pH, initial dye concentration and ionic strength. The experimental results for adsorption and electrodialysis confirmed the importance of electrostatic interactions on the dye. The electrodialysis process with standard ion exchange membranes enabled efficient desalination of cationic dye solutions; there are two main factors in fouling: electrostatic interaction between cations of dyes and the fixed charged groups of the CEM, and affinity interactions.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.452-461
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• 2023

Hypertension caused by high-fat and high-salt diets is is a well-known significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, to confirm the relationship between hypertension and immune cells, angiotensin (Ang) II was administered to Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats and Dahl salt-resistant (SR) rats. Then the expression of immune cells and the proinflammatory cytokines were compared between the SS and SR rats. It was observed that after administration of Ang II (50ng/kg/min) for three weeks, blood pressure was increased in the SS rats, but there was no significant change in the SR rats. In addition, the expression of T helper (Th) cells and Th 17 cells in the spleen and the expression of Th cell Rorγt and regulatory T regulatory (Treg) cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not show a significant difference between the two experimental groups even after the administration of Ang II.IL-1β expression was significantly increased in the kidney tissue of the SS rats, while there was no significant difference in the IL-6 expression in all the experimental groups. The results of this study suggest that Ang II induces hypertension by stimulating IL-1β secretion from renal macrophage in SS rats.