• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.230-242
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• 1991

This research was conducted on the 10 take-out boxed-lunches commercially prepared in the department stores. chain stores. and the public railroad trains in Korea. Sampling was conducted from February 1990 to March 1990. Nutritive values and sodium contents of the 10 boxed-lunch samples are summarized as follows : 1) The average weight(percentage) of the cooked rice and the side dishes were 304.6g(49.4) and 312.4(506%), respectively. The weight of these samples were significantly heavier than that of Japanese style boxed-lunches. 2) The average number of the side dishes was 12. The average numbers of food items classified by the five food groups were 6.1 in protein food group, 0.3 in calcium food group. 6.0 in vitamin and mineral food group. 1.5 in carbohydrate food group, and 1.5 in oil and fat food group. 3) They contained on the average 840.7kcal of energy, 38.9g of protein, 22.7g of fat, 120.4g of carbohydrate. 300.8mg of calcium. 410.8mg of phosphours, 6.61 mg of iron. 219.8 R.E. of vitamin A, 0.46mg of thiamin, 0.67mg of riboflavin, 10.5mg of niacin, 27.5mg of ascorbic acid. Thus. except vitamin t the content of all the nutrients were higher than the value of 1/3 of the RDA for adults. 4) The high priced group(group 2) had more protein, calcuim. iron and niacin contents than the cheaper group(group 1). Probably, it's because the group 2 had more animal foods than the group 1. 5) The average energy content per unit price(100 won) was 37.3kcal and the average protein content per unit price(100 won) was 1.64g. Korena style boxed-lunches had higher energy and protein contents per unit price than Japanese style, and the group 1 higher than the group 2. 6) The average energy Proportions of Protein, carbohydrate. and fat were 18.3%, 57.4%, and 24.3%, respectively. These proportions are good enough. 7) Frequency of cooking methods for the side dishes were found in the decreasing order : pan-frying, frying, braising, seasoning, kimchi, grilling, pickling, stir-frying, steaming and fermenting. Generally simple cooking methods were used, thus the menus were lack or varieties. 8) Frequency of colors for the side dishes were found in the decreasing order : red, brown. yellow, green, black, white. Too much red pepper was used. 9) The average capacity of the containers for the staples and the side dishes were 468.1ml and 590.6ml, respectively. And the containers could not keep the food items well seperated. 10) The average contensts of sodium and salt were 2.287mg and 5.76g, in the range of 1, 398mg to 3, 489mg and 3.53g to 8.80g, respectively. These are much higher values than the recommended amount of salt.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.454-458
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• 1997

Two human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA clones, HLUG25 and UDPGTh2 were previously shown to encode isozymes active in the glucuronidation of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) and certain estrogen derivatives (e.g., estriol and 3,4-catechol estrogens), respectively. in this study we have found that the UDPGTh2-encoded isoform (UDPGTh2) and HLUG25-encoded isoform (UDPGThl) have parallel aglycone specificities. When expressed in COS 1 cells, each isoform metabolized three types of dihydroxy- or trihydroxy-substituted ring structures, including the 3,4-catechol estrogen (4-hydroxyestrone), estriol, 17-epiestriol, and HDCA, but the UDPGTh2 isozyme was 100-fold more efficient than UDPGTh1. UDPGTh1 and UDPGTh2 were 86% identical overall (76 differences out of 528 amino acids), including 55 differences in the first 300 amino acids of the amino terminus, a domain which conferred the substrate specificity. The data indicated that a high level of conservation in the amino terminus was not required for the preservation of substrate selectivity. Analysis of glucuronidation activity encoded by UDPGTh1/UDPGTh2 chimeric cDNA constructed at their common restriction sites, Sac I (codon 297), Nco I (codon 385), and Hha I (codon 469), showed that nine amino acids between residues 385 and 469 were important for catalytic efficiency, suggesting that this region represented a domain which was critical for the catalysis but distinct from that responsible for aglycone-selection. These data indicate that UDPGTh2 is a primary isoform responsible for the detoxification of the bile salt intermediate as well as the active estrogen intermediates.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.617-624
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• 2007

Protein arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification involved in various cellular functions including cell signaling, protein subcellular localization and transcriptional regulation. We analyze the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) that catalyze the formation of methylarginines in porcine brain. We fractionated the brain extracts and determined the PRMT activities as well as the distribution of different PRMT proteins in subcellular fractions of porcine brain. The majority of the type I methyltransferase activities that catalyze the formation of asymmetric dimethylarginines was in the cytosolic S3 fraction. High specific activity of the methyltransferase was detected in the S4 fraction (high-salt stripping of the ultracentrifugation precipitant P3 fraction), indicating that part of the PRMT was peripherally associated with membrane and ribosomal fractions. The amount and distribution of PRMT1 are consistent with the catalytic activity. The elution patterns from gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography also indicate that the type I activity in S3 and S4 are mostly from PRMT1. Our results suggest that part of the type I arginine methyltransferases in brains, mainly PRMT1, are sequestered in an inactive form as they associated with membranes or large subcellular complexes. Our biochemical analyses confirmed the complex distribution of different PRMTs and implicate their regulation and catalytic activities in brain.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.260-264
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• 2006

Talaromyces flavus mediates the transmission of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) to several host plants. The ASGV-F carried by T.flavus was partially purified from the fungus. Based on sequence analysis and homology searches, this is closely related to other ASGV strains isolated from host plants. The partially purified viral coat protein (CP) was separated on a 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and analyzed by Western blotting with an ASGV anti-serum. A single band at 28 kDa reacted with the ASGV anti-serum. The deduced amino acid sequence of the ORF-l showed conserved domains, including an NTP-binding helicase motif, GFAGSGKT. The amino acid sequences of the helicase and CP showed strong homology to other ASGV strains (98%). All ASGV isolated from plants and fungi had salt bridges composed of the CP and the GFAGSGKT motif of the helicase, which are commonly conserved in plant viruses. These results suggest that ASGV-F is one of ASGV strains isolated from T.flavus based on sequence similarity as well as the serological analysis of CP.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2016

Characteristics of dissimilar metal welds between alloy steel ASTM A387 Gr. 91 and carbon steel ASTM A516 Gr.70 made with Flux cored arc welding(FCAW) have been evaluated in terms of microstructure, mechanical strength, chemical analysis by EDS as well as corrosion test. Three heat inputs of 15.0, 22.5, 30.0kJ/cm were employed to make joints of dissimilar metals with E91T1-B9C wire. Post-weld heat treatment was carried out at $750^{\circ}C$ for 2.5 h. Based on microstructural examination, tempered martensite and lower bainite were formed in first layer of weld metal. The amount of tempered martensite was decreased and the amount of lower bainite was increased with increasing heat input and layer. Heat affected zone of alloy steel showed the highest hardness due to the formation of tempered Martensite and lower Bainite. Tensile strengths of dissimilar welds decreased with increasing heat inputs. Dissimilar welds seemed to have a good hot cracking resistance due to the low HCS index below 4. The salt spray test of dissimilar metals showed that the corrosion rate increased with increasing heat inputs due to the increase of the amount of lower Bainite.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5595-5600
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• 2012

This paper is to review and study about the crystallization nucleating agent to improve the heat-resistance properties of poly(lactic acid). Four sub-micron sized nucleating agents, metallic salts of 2,2'-methylene bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), were prepared and used as a crystallization nucleating agent. Thermal and mechanical properties of polymer compounds were investigated by DSC, HDT and UTM. As the results, While the heat-resistance properties of the polymer compound samples were increased linearly with the contents of nucleating agent as well as their smaller size. Among them, the highest heat-resistance property of compound was observed with 2 wt% of MPZ2. HDT values of PL98Z2 compound was $116^{\circ}C$ at 0.455Mpa.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.494-498
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• 2008

MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) reduction assay is a method that validates the viability of an active cell. Dehydrogenase in mitochondria converts yellow colored insoluble tetrazolium salt to purple colored water-soluble formazan. Sperm also have mitochondria in the midpiece, therefore sperm viability could be evaluated by MTT reduction assay. Several studies have already demonstrated the capability of application of the MTT reduction assay to sperm of several species in Hepes-BSA buffer. Because most liquid semen was diluted in extender like BTS (Beltsville Thawing Solution), Modena or Androhep when it is used or transferred, semen needed another dilution in Hepes-BSA buffer to assess sperm viability. In this study, we evaluated boar sperm viability especially in BTS extended semen and compared the efficiency of this test with eosin-nigrosin staining. We used the fresh BTS extended semen from a local A.I center. Semen sample was diluted to $3.0{\times}10^7$ sperms/ml in BTS. The rates of formazan production were measured in 96-well microtiter plates immediately and 1h after incubation at $17^{\circ}C$ using a spectrophotometer at wave length 560 nm. Simultaneously, split samples of the same semen were tested, using eosin-nigrosin staining to compare the efficiency of the MTT assay of sperm viability in BTS. The correlation between the results of these tests was calculated using Student-t test and ANOVA. The results revealed a strong correlation between the results of MTT reduction rate and the results that were simultaneously determined by eosin-nigrosin staining at 1 h. In conclusion, the MTT reduction test was an effective and simple method to validate sperm viability and it could be used as a simple tool to evaluate sperm viability in the local A.I center and laboratory.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2013

According to its merits about high curing speed and low emission of volatile organic compounds, UV curable inorganic-organic coating technology has been developed as an alternative for toxic and carcinogenic chromate-based treatments for years. It is consistently observed that ultra-thin films offer excellent corrosion protection as well as paint adhesion to metals. Based on the tetra-ethylorthosilicate(TEOS) and methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane(MPTMS), inorganic sol was synthesized and formed hybrid networks with UV curable acrylic monomer, 6-hexanediol diacrylate(HDDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate(TMPTA), pentaerylthritol triacrylate(PETA). Several methods were used to test their properties such as salt spray test, potentiodynamic measurement, tape peel test, etc. It was shown that anti-corrosive property and stability of storage were affected by the molecular ratios of inorganic and organic compounds. It was not only the stability of storage, but had a excellent anti-corrosive, paint adhesive, and anti-solvent properties in a final molar ratios of 0.6/0.04/0.86/0.005 (TEOS/MPTMS/Acetone/HNO3) and 0.08/0.106/0.081/0.02 (TMPTA/HDDA/PETA/photo initiator).

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 2017

In this study, the regeneration investigation for waste reverse osmosis membrane filters which were discarded after use for the household water purifiers has been carried out. Sodium hydroxide, sodium bisulfate, and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA). as the chemical cleaning agents were used. And they were in-situ cleaned with the micro-bubble generator as well. The best result was obtained when both 0.1% EDTA and micro-bubbles were used for 30 min cleaning. Thus, when the performance of the brand new RO membrane and restorated RO membrane were compared, the flux, 19.9%, the recovery ratio 45% were enhanced while the salt rejection was reduced for NaCl 100 mg/L solution, in other words, it has been recovered to the original brand new RO membrane filter. Also the removal of pollutants on membrane surface was confirmed in a naked eye through the scanning electron microscopy. Finally, this research has provided the possibility of the re-use of the waste RO membrane filters of household water purifier which were reclaimed or incinerated after use.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

Improving dietary patterns, na, in turn, improving nutritional status, is now viewed as a key to improve public health and to prevent chronic diseases. There has been a peat needs to assess diet quality to identify nutritional risk group, however, little research has been done on methods to assess overall diet quality. The purpose of this study was to develope a mini dietary assessment (MDA) index for evaluation of overall dietary quality. A 10-component system was devised based on dietary guidelines and food Tower for Koreans. The system contained 4 food elements of which use is encouraged, such as milk, meat, vegetables, fruits, and 3 food elements of which use is limited, such as fat, salt, or sugar. Also the included were elements on dietary regulation and variety. A subject is to check one of ‘always' 'generally'seldom', which has score of 5, 3, and 1, respectively, so the total possible index score is 50. This index is to use without dietary survey and is to use even by non-nutritionist. A sample of 432 healthy males and females in their 30's and 40's contributed diet intake data based on 24-hour recall for the validation of MDA. The mean MDA score was 31.34 of a possible 50 points. The main nutrients for each MDA component was correlated very well with the results of 24-hour recall. Also, very good correlation was found between healthy eating index (HEI) score and MDA score. However, some of MDA components were needed a modification of term or/and statement. So the Uh was revised and another effort for validation was made with new sample of 169 subjects and even better correlation was found. The revised MDA could be used with minor modification to assess diet quality and to screen nutritional status. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1): 83-92, 2003)